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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: EUROPEAN STATISTICAL DATA SUPPORT |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Federal Statistical Office. |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | G24 Physical Environmental-Economic Accounts. |
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1.5. Contact mail address | Statistisches Bundesamt, Gustav-Stresemann-Ring, 11 65189 Wiesbaden, Germany. |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 23/09/2022 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 23/09/2022 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 23/09/2022 |
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3.1. Data description | |||
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) is one module of the European environmental-economic accounts - Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI. PEFA record the flows of energy (in terajoules) from the environment to the economy (natural inputs), within the economy (products), and from the economy back to the environment (residuals), using the accounting framework of physical supply and use tables. PEFA provide information on energy flows arranged in a way fully compatible with concepts, principles, and classifications of national accounts – thus enabling integrated analyses of environmental, energy and economic issues e.g. through environmental-economic modelling. PEFA complement the traditional energy statistics, balances and derived indicators which are the main reference data source for EU energy policies.
The PEFA questionnaire is available on Eurostat's website: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/environment/methodology |
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3.2. Classification system | |||
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) datasets have the following dimensions:
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3.3. Coverage - sector | |||
The data set covers the entire national economy as defined in national accounts (ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04), as well as its physical relation to economies in the rest of the world and the environment.
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) are conceptually rooted in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) which is an international statistical standard. The SEEA central framework provides standard concepts, definitions, classifications, accounting rules and tables for the provision of statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy. |
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3.5. Statistical unit | |||
Data refer to activities of resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA), including households. |
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3.6. Statistical population | |||
The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA); i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units (see ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory. |
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3.7. Reference area | |||
Germany. |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | |||
2010 to 2021. |
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3.9. Base period | |||
Not applicable. |
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The unit of measure is terajoule (TJ). |
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The data refer to the calendar year. |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
PEFA are legally covered by Regulation (EC) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts as amended by Regulation (EU) No. 538/2014. EEEA currently include six modules (air emissions accounts, environmentally related taxes by economic activity, economy-wide material flow accounts, environmental protection expenditure accounts, environmental goods and services sector accounts, and physical energy flow accounts). |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Not applicable. |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
Not relevant because aggregated data are used for compilation only. |
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
Not applicable. |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
There exists a release calendar accessible by the statistical offices of the Federation and the Länder. Data are published annually on August, 31. |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
Release calendar is not publicly accessible. |
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8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
Data are published annually no later than August 31 on our webpage. Data are accessible for all users at the same time. |
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Yearly. |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
We publish press releases related to PEFA at irregular intervals. |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
Data are published online as national format with additional tables on our website as excel file (www.destatis.de/ugr). Publisher: Statistisches Bundesamt, Gustav-Stresemann-Ring, 11 65189 Wiesbaden; Year: 2023; "Statistischer Bericht - Umweltökonomische Gesamtrechnungen (UGR) - Energiegesamtrechnung - 2010 bis 2021". Only available in German. https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Umwelt/UGR/energiefluesse-emissionen/Publikationen/Downloads/statistischer-bericht-ugr-energiegesamtrechnung-5850014217005.xlsx
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
A database access is primed for future data releases (including previous years). |
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10.3.1. Data tables - consultations | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Not applicable. |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
Not applicable. |
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10.5.1. Metadata - consultations | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
Documentations on methodology are published online as pdf file. Publisher: Statistisches Bundesamt, Gustav-Stresemann-Ring, 11 65189 Wiesbaden.
"Umweltökonomische Gesamtrechnungen - Methode der Energiegesamtrechnung", 2019: https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Umwelt/UGR/energiefluesse-emissionen/Publikationen/Downloads/methode-energiegesamtrechnung-5851316199004.html
"National methodology on transport calculation", 2021: https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Umwelt/UGR/verkehr-tourismus/Publikationen/Downloads/ugr-methode-berechnungen-verkehr-umwelt-5851320219004.html
Both are only available in German. |
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10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
A general quality report on environmental-economic accounts is published online as pdf file. Publisher: Statistisches Bundesamt, Gustav-Stresemann-Ring, 11 65189 Wiesbaden.
"Qualitätsbericht – Umweltökonomische Gesamtrechnungen (UGR)", 2022. https://www.destatis.de/DE/Methoden/Qualitaet/Qualitaetsberichte/Umwelt/ugr.pdf
Only available in German. |
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
During the compilation process, we do cross-checks with internal and external reference data. The main reference source for benchmark values is the national energy balance. |
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
In general, the compilation of PEFA runs in a stable routine. We estimate that the majority of results is high quality. For some parts, e.g. commercial and public services sector, we use auxiliary data to distribute an aggregated benchmark value. Data quality significantly depends on the auxiliary data used and the assumption for the distribution (e.g. correlation between energy use and amount of employees). |
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
Our data are used by the German Federal Government, research institutes, universities and interested citizens. User needs are very heterogeneous: While some require only key indicators and very aggregated information, others would like to receive data on a very detailed level. We check thoroughly which level of disaggregation is reasonable based on the data sources used. Occasional user inquiries that go beyond that level of detail have to be denied. |
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
We determine user satisfaction by observing the incoming user inquiries carefully. Meetings and congresses are held at irregular intervals with selected users. Here we explain our procedures and present our publications. National users may have further necessities that go beyond our transmission to Eurostat (e.g. energy use for production of a specific good, more detailed disaggregation of NACE divisions). |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
Yes, the data is complete. |
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12.3.1. Data completeness - rate | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
Accuracy depends on the accuracy of primary statistics. A lower accuracy is true for the energy consumption of the commercial and public services sector which is not covered by periodical official statistics. A comprehensive study on weaknesses in non-official energy statistics and ways to improve the statistics was conducted by three research institutes in June 2015 on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Economics: "Verfahren zur regelmäßigen und aktuellen Ermittlung des Energieverbrauchs in nicht von der amtlichen Statisstik erfassten Bereichen", Münster Juni 2015; EEFA (Münster), ZSW (Stuttgart), DBI Gas- und Umweltttechnik (Leipzig), Project no: I C 4 - 18/14. Available only in German. |
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13.2. Sampling error | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.1. Coverage error | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.2. Measurement error | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.3. Non response error | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.4. Processing error | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.5. Model assumption error | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
We publish national data on Physical Energy Flow Accounts (PEFA) in August (t+19 months). |
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14.1.1. Time lag - first result | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.1.2. Time lag - final result | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data on PEFA are compiled according to international guidelines and insofar comparable. Application of the PEFA Builder tool ensures comparability to a certain extent. |
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15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not applicable. |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Please see the table in 15.2.1.1. |
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15.2.1. Length of comparable time series | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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15.2.1.1. Comparability - over time detailed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Please use below table for explaining b)-flags (breaks in time series):
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We ensure cross domain coherence with AEA by using unified data sources and harmonised methods. Differences can occur because AEA and PEFA must be coherent with different reference values. Cross domain coherence of economy-wide material flow accounts and energy statistics is evaluated according to the PEFA Validation rules. Economy-wide material flow accounts (MFA) and PEFA use the same main data source for the extraction of fossil energy products. Differences can occur because MFA includes energy products for non-energy purpose from other data sources.
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15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not applicable; reported PEFA data are only annual. |
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15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data are consistent with ESA supply and use tables. Supply and use of energy are broken down by NACE and delineated according to the residence principle. |
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15.3.3. Do you cooperate with national colleagues compiling AEA? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yes. |
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15.3.4. Are there compilation elements that PEFA compilers jointly undertake with AEA compilers (e.g. distribution of road transport fuel use and emissions by NACE)? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PEFA tables are used for allocation of emissions to NACE in AEA. Specifically, we use data on transformation use in industrial power plants and data on end use of energy in the commercial and public services sector to distribute the respective emissions in these areas. Energy use and air emissions from transport are jointly determined. |
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15.3.5. Do you report in PEFA imports and exports according to the SEEA-CF concepts for trade in goods (see SEEA-CF section 3.3.3, paras. 3.121 ff., and para. 1.46)? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yes. We adjust the energy use for transport (water, road and air) to the residence principle. |
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15.3.6. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between your PEFA data on air transport versus OECD's data on CO2-emissions of air transport? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yes, according to PEFA validation rule 33. |
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15.3.7. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between PEFA data points and corresponding data points in energy statistics (see PEFA validation rules)? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yes, according to PEFA validation rule 34. |
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15.3.8. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between PEFA data points and the corresponding data points in economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) (see PEFA validation rules)? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yes, according to PEFA validation rule 35. |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Eurostat's validation procedures should ensure full internal consistency, at least for the mandatory data points. |
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No burden for respondents, as we do not conduct a survey. Personnel costs arise for research on data sources, methodological development and for the compilation of results. Recently, the compilation process has been implemented as an automated processing allowing a reduction of time effort and improvement of replicable results. Along with this implementation methodological adjustments have been performed (see 19). |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
We do not publish preliminary data. We revise data only if revised data sources or methodological adjustments are present. |
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
We revise the whole time series, by using revised sources. Revised data are published simultaneously with data on the most recent year. |
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17.2.1. Data revision - average size | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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18.1. Source data | |||
Data sources used to produce physical energy flow accounts are described in the following sub-concepts. |
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18.1.1. Which are the main data sources you employ for the use of natural energy inputs (i.e. who is extracting)? | |||
National energy balances. |
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18.1.2. Which are the main data sources you employ for supply of energy products (e.g. electricity, refinery products etc.)? | |||
National energy balances and official energy statistics. |
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18.1.3. Which are the main data sources you employ for the transformation use by energy transforming entities (NACE 2-digit divisions)? | |||
National energy balances and official energy statistics (fuel consumption in power plants (auto producers). |
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18.1.4. Which are the main data sources you employ for the end use by end user entities (including non-energy use)? | |||
National energy balances, official energy statistics (energy consumption in manufacturing) and official petroleum statistics (BAFA). |
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18.1.5. Which auxiliary data do you use to develop 'distribution keys' to assign energy use to the detailed breakdown of production activities (NACE 2-digit divisions) and categories of household consumption? | |||
For manufacturing industries, we use national energy statistics. For other economic activities we use employee’s data (e.g. national accounts, census), scientific studies of energy use of commercial and public services sector and data provided by the Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt). |
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18.1.6. Do you use the PEFA builder? If yes: for populating the PEFA Tables, or for control only? | |||
No. |
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18.1.7. Which data sources do you use to make adjustments for the residence principle? | |||
Aviation: on basis of an extra processing of transport statistics by airlines (domestic, foreign) and own estimates. Sea transport: on basis of monetary data on bunkering and data on domestic bunkering by ships (in a breakdown of national and foreign ships). Road transport: on the basis of energy use by residents calculated from Transport Emission Model (TREMOD) provided by ifeu-Institut, Heidelberg. |
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | |||
Annually. |
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18.3. Data collection | |||
Collection and processing of aggregated statistical data from different internal and external sources (cf. 18.1). |
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18.4. Data validation | |||
We validate our data through comparisons with the previous year, checking of time series consistency and cross-checks with internal and external reference data, e.g. other modules of the environmental-economic accounts. |
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18.5. Data compilation | |||
Not applicable. |
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18.5.1. Imputation - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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18.5.2. Do you assign all supply of electricity and heat to NACE D35, or do you assign some to other NACE divisions than D35? Is the assignment you did fully aligned to the ESA monetary supply table submitted by your country? | |||
Energy supply from industrial power plants is assigned to the corresponding NACE division based on national energy statistics, thus it is not directly aligned to the ESA monetary supply table. |
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18.5.3. Which method do you use for the allocation of road transport energy use to NACE industries and households? | |||
We use the Transport Emission Model (TREMOD) provided by ifeu-Institut, Heidelberg. The Transport model (national concept) is calculated according to vehicle types, fuel types and Information of private or the branch of commercial vehicle owners. We applied a new calculation method from reporting year 2017 onwards. The new model is no longer based on the vehicle fleet but on detailed data on the mileage and energy consumption of 39 industrial sectors (based on NACE classification) and private households in Germany from TREMOD. The model contains 12 vehicle types and 8 types of fuel. Based on the production values, the 39 commercial branches are further split into 72 sectors. For the derivation of the data according to the residence concept, key figures of the residents' mileage are used separately with respect to vehicle type as well as gasoline and diesel vehicles. The Federal Motor Transport Authority (KBA) publishes the statistics "Traffic in kilometres" annually starting from 2014 (determination of residents' mileage based on data from the main inspections of vehicles). The average fuel consumption of the vehicles from TREMOD is used to calculate the energy consumption of residents. The method now is based on consumption and not on sales. We calculate now domestic consumption and consumption by residents. The associated emissions result from the corresponding factors. The new method guarantees a harmonization of the emissions calculation in PEFA and the emissions reported in AEA, because the data source has been harmonized. |
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18.5.4. Which method do you use for the allocation of energy use to detailed service industries (i.e. NACE 2-digit divisions 55-98)? | |||
We allocate energy use on the basis of different sources (see 18.1.5). |
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18.5.5. How do you ensure a coherent assignment of energy use to economic activities (i.e. the use of energy products by a given production activity (NACE A*64 division) reported in PEFA must be coherent with the emissions reported in AEA)? | |||
Coherence between PEFA and AEA is ensured because they are produced in close cooperation. However, small differences appear because AEA and PEFA must be coherent with different reference values. |
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18.6. Adjustment | |||
Not applicable. |
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18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment | |||
Not applicable. |
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Methodological changes compared to previously submitted questionnaire: energy supply from industrial power plants is now assigned to the corresponding NACE division and no longer to D35 (see 18.5.2). The method for the distribution of energy use of commercial and public services sector has been updated. |
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