Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Direction générale de l'Insee. Direction des Statistiques d'Entreprises. Département Répertoires, Infrastructures et Statistiques Structurelles. Division Infrastructures et Répertoires Statistiques.
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
INSEE - Timbre E220 - 88 avenue de Verdier - CS70058 - 92541 Montrouge Cedex
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
30 January 2025
2.2. Metadata last posted
17 July 2024
2.3. Metadata last update
5 May 2025
3.1. Data description
The EuroGroups register (EGR) is the statistical business register of Eurostat and the EU Member States and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries for multinational enterprise groups. The purpose of the EGR is to offer to statistical users a tool for coordinating frame population, to derive consistent statistical output with an improved quality in measuring global activities of European enterprises part of multinational enterprise groups.
The EGR produces data in yearly cycles and covers microdata on the groups and their enterprises and legal units. The EGR aims to register all multinational enterprise groups that have enterprises in EU Member States or EFTA countries, including European and non-European groups.
The Member States, EFTA countries and Eurostat exchange data on multinational enterprise groups and on the units belonging to those groups for the purposes of the European framework for statistical business registers to ensure the quality of the multinational enterprise group’s information in the Union.
The EGR brings together microdata on multinational enterprise groups from the EU and the EFTA countries' national statistical institutes, in line with the requirements of the Regulation (EU) No 2152/2019, and from a commercial data source for data outside the EU and EFTA.
3.2. Classification system
Classification systems and main code lists used in the EGR are as follows:
Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community (NACE Rev. 2);
The coverage of the data transmitted to the EGR is defined in the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics.
For the purposes of the European framework for statistical business registers, the following economic activities are considered:
any activity comprising the offer of goods and services on a given market;
non-market services contributing to the GDP;
direct and indirect holdings of active legal units.
Holding assets and/or liabilities are also considered an economic activity.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Global group head
The global group head (GGH) of an enterprise group is the parent legal unit that is not controlled either directly or indirectly by any other legal unit. The subsidiary legal units of a subsidiary legal unit are considered to be subsidiaries of the parent legal unit.
Global decision centre
The global decision centre (GDC) of an enterprise group is the unit where the enterprise group level’s strategic decisions are taken. A group may have several decision-making centres or several units dedicated to a particular internal function, for example accounting or human resources. However, the decisions about the group are made only in the GDC. The GDC may be the GGH or another legal unit under the GGH.
Ultimate Controlling Institutional unit
The ultimate controlling institutional unit (UCI) of a foreign affiliate means the institutional unit higher up a foreign affiliate’s chain of control that is not controlled by another institutional unit.
To date, France does not provide information if the UCI is a natural person or a family
Activity of unit
The concept used is consistent with the NSBR
Number of employees
number of employees (excluding temporary workers) present on December 31
Number of employees and self -employed persons
Number of employees and self -employed persons present on December 31
Since the 2022 EGR cycle, the number of self -employed persons has been included.
Net turnover
For all activities except for NACE 64, 65 and some activities of NACE 66 net turnover consists of all income arising during the reference period in the course of ordinary activities of the statistical unit, and is presented net of all price reductions, discounts and rebates granted by it. Income is defined as increases in economic benefits during the reference period in the form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in increases in equity, other than those relating to contributions from equity participants. The inflows referred to are arising from contracts with customers and are realized through the satisfaction by the statistical unit of performance obligations as foreseen in said contracts. Usually, a performance obligation is represented by the sale (transfer) of goods or the rendering of services, however, the gross inflows can also contain revenues obtained as a yield on the use by others of the statistical unit’s assets. Excluded from net turnover are:
all taxes, duties or levies linked directly to revenue;
any amounts collected on behalf of any principal, if the statistical unit is acting as an agent in its relationship with said principal;
all income not arising in the course of ordinary activities of the statistical unit. Usually, these types of income are classified as ‘Other (operating) income’, ‘Financial income’, ‘Extra-ordinary income’ or under a similar heading, depending on the respective set of generally accepted accounting standards used to prepare the financial statements.
Infra-annual statistics may not be able to take into account aspects such as annual price reductions, subsidies, rebates and discounts. For the activities of NACE K6411, K6419 and K649 net turnover is defined as the value of output minus subsidies or government grants. For the activities of NACE K642 and K643 net turnover can be approximated by the total operating costs, if net turnover is not available in the financial statements. For the activities of NACE K6511, K6512 and K652 net turnover is defined as Gross premiums earned. For the activities of NACE K653 the net turnover is defined as total pension contributions For activities of NACE K66 for which net turnover is not available in the financial statements, net turnover is defined as the value of output minus subsidies or government grants. For activities of NACE K66 for which net turnover is available in the financial statements, the standard definition of net turnover applies.
Total assets
Total assets refers to the sum of the balance sheet items at the end of the accounting period. It covers economic assets, which are divided into financial and non-financial assets. In the case of a multinational group, the data on total assets are to be taken from the EGR.
not transmitted.
Principal activity
The principal (or main) activity is the activity that contributes most to the total value added of a unit under consideration. Ideally, the principal activity of the unit should be determined with reference to the value added to the goods and services produced, by applying the top-down method. The top-down method follows a hierarchical principle: the classification of the unit at the lowest level of the classification must be consistent with the classification of the unit at higher levels. The principal activity so identified does not necessarily account for 50 % or more of the unit’s total value added. In the European Union the classification of principal activity is determined by reference to NACE Rev. 2, first at the highest level of classification and then at more detailed levels (top-down method).
In France, the value added is approximated by the turnover for determining the principal activity of legal units and enterprises.-
3.5. Statistical unit
The statistical units maintained in the EGR are defined in accordance with the Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community.
The EGR frame contains the following units: Legal units, Enterprises and Multinational enterprise groups.
Legal units include:
legal persons whose existence is recognized by law independently of the individuals or institutions which may own them or are members of them,
natural persons who are engaged in an economic activity in their own right.
The legal unit always forms, either by itself or sometimes in combination with other legal units, the legal basis for the statistical unit known as the 'enterprise'.
Enterprise
The enterprise is the smallest combination of legal units that is an organizational unit producing goods or services, which benefits from a certain degree of autonomy in decision-making, especially for the allocation of its current resources. An enterprise carries out one or more activities at one or more locations. An enterprise may be a sole legal unit.
Multinational enterprise group
A multinational enterprise group is an enterprise group that has at least two enterprises or legal units located in different countries. In business statistics also term ‘global enterprise group’ is used.
3.6. Statistical population
The data transmitted to the EGR during the cycle is made of the following datasets.
The data set with information on all incorporated resident legal units for the EGR Identification Service.
ISRLE file including 40,4% population of resident legal units is sent to EGR for identification.
Sole proprietorships are excluded.
Resident branches of foreign legal units are included.
The data set with information on foreign legal units for the EGR Identification Service.
ISNORLE file including full population of foreign legal units recorded in the national statistical business register is sent to EGR for identification.
The data set with information on legal units.
LEU file including all resident legal units belonging to a global enterprise group is sent to EGR for processing.
The data set with information on relationships of ownership and control.
REL file including part of the relationships between legal units is sent to EGR for processing:
two resident legal units (full)
one resident and one foreign legal unit (88% because not all the foreign legal units are identified in the EGR-IS)
two foreign legal units from non EU+EFTA countries (none because no information).
Relationships in the REL are:
control relationships (>50%) (full)
minority relationships (<50%) (part: only >=10%)
The data set with information on enterprises.
ENT file including all enterprises made of legal units sent in LEU files is sent to EGR for processing.
The Data set with information on links between enterprises and legal units.
LEL file including full links between enterprise (ENT) and legal units (LEU) is sent to EGR for processing.
The Data set with information on enterprise groups of which country is the GDC country for the EuroGroups Register.
GEG file including full groups data is sent to the EGR for processing.
The groups’ variables are updated after receiving the preliminary frame:
GGH.
GDC.
3.7. Reference area
France including ultraperipherical regions (Guadeloupe, Saint-Martin, Martinique, French Guiana, Reunion, Mayotte), as defined in the NUTS classification.
3.8. Coverage - Time
The EGR frames are available from reference year 2008 onwards. NSI has transmitted data for the EGR production cycle since 16 years.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable
The economic variables on employment are recorded in absolute figures.
The net turnover for enterprises is recorded in euro currency.
The net turnover is recorded in millions in euro currency.
The reference period for data sent to the EGR reflects the picture of 31 December as at the given reference year.
Data transmitted to EGR during the EGR 2023 cycle includes data for the 2023 reference year. The identification refers to the 2023 reference year. The economic variables (number of employees, self -employed persons, turnover and economic activity) refer to the 2022 reference year.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
The content of the national data sent to EGR is defined according the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020 is laying down the technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
The legal framework setting up the procedures for EGR data exchanges and access to confidential data for the purpose of the European framework for statistical business registers are defined in the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics (Art.10).
The national legislative measures or other formal procedures which prevent unauthorised disclosure of data that identify a person or economic entity either directly or indirectly include:
EGR data are stored by the Commission (Eurostat) and by the national statistical authorities (NSAs) in the EU Member States and EFTA countries in a secure area with restricted and controlled access.
The transmission of the EGR data is done in an encrypted form and by electronic means via the Commission (Eurostat) single entry point for exchange of confidential data EDAMIS (europa.eu).
Rules applied for treating the data set to ensure statistical confidentiality and prevent unauthorised disclosure are defined according to the policy rules (see section 7.1).
8.1. Release calendar
Not applicable.
8.2. Release calendar access
Not applicable.
8.3. Release policy - user access
Not applicable.
The data transmitted to the EGR by the national statistical institutes are micro data and are not disseminated. Only aggregates are disseminated in Eurobase every year.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Not applicable.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Not applicable.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
Not applicable.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
The micro-data exchange of confidential data on multinational enterprise groups and on the statistical units belonging to those groups takes place, exclusively for statistical purposes, between EU Member States and EFTA countries and the European Commission (Eurostat).
Where such exchange of confidential data is carried out to ensure the quality of the multinational enterprise groups information in the Union and the exchange is explicitly authorised by the competent NSA which provides the data, national central banks may be party to the exchange of confidential data, exclusively for statistical purposes.
The NSI exchanges information on multinational enterprise groups with:
Other Member States' NSIs to ensure the quality of information on multinational enterprises and to define the GDC of the groups;
The National Central Bank (NCB) for statistical purposes;
Ministerial statistical offices, part of the French Official Statistical System, for statistical purposes.
There is a French manual describing the system used to ensure quality
11.1. Quality assurance
Eurostat Data Quality Programme monitors the quality and compliance of the data transmitted by the countries to EGR using the instruments of the EBS quality framework.
At national level, the quality of the data sent to EGR is assured as follows:
Automatic processing in our own computer application for the French group register (LIFI).
Manuel checks.
Automatic checks that all the variables needed for the EGR are in the transmitted files.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
The quality assessment procedure includes:
automatic validation procedures to check coherence between statistical units and their variables,
data format and logical content of data
crosschecks with other sources and data from previous years,
treatment of inconsistent relationships
search for the GGH and the GDC. Nationality check.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
There is a French register of groups which also covers French groups (LIFI). As a result, French users are more familiar with the French register than with the EGR.
INSEE is thus the main user of the EGR.
The data from the final frame of the EGR (for groups operating in France) was integrated into Lifi at the end of this cycle.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
The EGR makes it possible to extend the knowledge of the groups present in France to the whole of the European Union.
12.3. Completeness
INSEE delivers more than 4,4 million resident legal units to EGR IS, based on one source (NSBR).
The rate of identification of legal units in the European Union increased from 84% in 2022 to 87% in 2023. The identification rate of non-EU legal units increased too from 64% in 2022 to 68% in 2023.
French branches of foreign legal units within a group have been included since the 2022 EGR cycle.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
The accuracy of the data transmitted to the EGR is:
Units
Assessment
Legal Units
Very good
Relationships between legal units
Very good
Enterprises characteristics
Very good
Enterprises perimeters
Good
Mulitnational entreprise group
(with Global decision centre in my country)
Satisfactory
This accuracy assessment is based on:
use of the national statistical business register
use of tax and administrative data sources
interviews with the consolidators and accountants of major groups
expertise of groups with more than 1,000 employees in France
The main issues regarding accuracy of the data and issue importance are as follows:
Units
Issue
Importance
Legal units
employment criteria
the number of employees corresponds to the number of employees at 31/12 and not to the average number of employees
Relationships between legal units
over-coverage
very few duplications of financial links with legal units in non-OECD countries due to problems with identifiers
Entreprises characteristics
employment criteria
the number of employees corresponds to the number of employees at 31/12 and not to the average number of employees
Entreprises perimeters
uncovered NACE A and K sectors
for the nace A and K sectors, the enterprise corresponds to the legal unit.
Multinational entreprise group
(with Global decision centre in my country)
missing data
No data source currently implemented in the national information system for worldwide characteristics of MNEs required as conditional variables.
The actions will be taken from 2025 to improve accuracy of the data are as follows:
the average number of employees will be available and calculated from administrative data
a new calculation of the group APE will be implemented
data on groups will be enhanced using the Ofats survey (global framework)
the country of residence of the UCI, in the case of an individual or a family, will be determined by acquiring the information from a private source.
Another action is being considered: to improve the IT application of the French register of groups (named LIFI) in order that the register managers can enter the country of residence of the UCI and worldwide data on employment and turnover found in activity reports.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Not applicable.
14.1. Timeliness
The EGR process refers to a reference year T and is run yearly over a period of 11 months, between May T+1 and March T+2.
14.2. Punctuality
All data are delivered on time.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Geographical comparability is guaranteed
15.2. Comparability - over time
Since the 2021 EGR cycle, data transmitted to EGR, except the economic variables (see 5. Reference Period), has included data for the same reference year. Before, the files sent for the (Y) EGR cycle were built according to (Y-1) data.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Coherence of data sent to Eurostat with other data sources and statistical domains:
NSBR
SBS, for data on enterprise
15.4. Coherence - internal
Data sent to EGR should be internally consistent. There is a set of standard quality checks that are routinely performed at national level before transmitting the data to Eurostat:
French register of groups (named LIFI)
NSBR
Human resources, excluding management and steering: 1,2 full-time equivalent person, strictly for the purposes of the EGR (included profiling on the structure of top-tier MNE groups) ; 6,4 full-time equivalent persons for the French group register LIFI, key source of the data transmitted for the EGR.
Costs of data acquisition from commercial sources.
IT costs (LIFI application): 1 full-time equivalent person
17.1. Data revision - policy
These frozen data are no longer updated nor revised.
17.2. Data revision - practice
These frozen data are no longer updated nor revised.
18.1. Source data
The data are based on a multisource process including administrative and private data.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
National data sent to EGR annually
18.3. Data collection
Data sent to EGR are collected from:
National Statistical business registers
Administrative data sources (tax data, French Central Bank).
Private data sources (Orbis)
18.4. Data validation
The data of the most important groups in terms of employment (groups over 1,000 employees) are checked manually and corrected if necessary.
It is also the case for the groups employing at least 250 employees in France and whose GGH is located in the Benelux or Ireland.
18.5. Data compilation
No imputation
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable.
Insee took part in the European profiling on the structure of the Top tier MNE groups (Grant) in 2024. 10 French groups were analyzed.
The EuroGroups register (EGR) is the statistical business register of Eurostat and the EU Member States and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries for multinational enterprise groups. The purpose of the EGR is to offer to statistical users a tool for coordinating frame population, to derive consistent statistical output with an improved quality in measuring global activities of European enterprises part of multinational enterprise groups.
The EGR produces data in yearly cycles and covers microdata on the groups and their enterprises and legal units. The EGR aims to register all multinational enterprise groups that have enterprises in EU Member States or EFTA countries, including European and non-European groups.
The Member States, EFTA countries and Eurostat exchange data on multinational enterprise groups and on the units belonging to those groups for the purposes of the European framework for statistical business registers to ensure the quality of the multinational enterprise group’s information in the Union.
The EGR brings together microdata on multinational enterprise groups from the EU and the EFTA countries' national statistical institutes, in line with the requirements of the Regulation (EU) No 2152/2019, and from a commercial data source for data outside the EU and EFTA.
5 May 2025
Global group head
The global group head (GGH) of an enterprise group is the parent legal unit that is not controlled either directly or indirectly by any other legal unit. The subsidiary legal units of a subsidiary legal unit are considered to be subsidiaries of the parent legal unit.
Global decision centre
The global decision centre (GDC) of an enterprise group is the unit where the enterprise group level’s strategic decisions are taken. A group may have several decision-making centres or several units dedicated to a particular internal function, for example accounting or human resources. However, the decisions about the group are made only in the GDC. The GDC may be the GGH or another legal unit under the GGH.
Ultimate Controlling Institutional unit
The ultimate controlling institutional unit (UCI) of a foreign affiliate means the institutional unit higher up a foreign affiliate’s chain of control that is not controlled by another institutional unit.
To date, France does not provide information if the UCI is a natural person or a family
Activity of unit
The concept used is consistent with the NSBR
Number of employees
number of employees (excluding temporary workers) present on December 31
Number of employees and self -employed persons
Number of employees and self -employed persons present on December 31
Since the 2022 EGR cycle, the number of self -employed persons has been included.
Net turnover
For all activities except for NACE 64, 65 and some activities of NACE 66 net turnover consists of all income arising during the reference period in the course of ordinary activities of the statistical unit, and is presented net of all price reductions, discounts and rebates granted by it. Income is defined as increases in economic benefits during the reference period in the form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in increases in equity, other than those relating to contributions from equity participants. The inflows referred to are arising from contracts with customers and are realized through the satisfaction by the statistical unit of performance obligations as foreseen in said contracts. Usually, a performance obligation is represented by the sale (transfer) of goods or the rendering of services, however, the gross inflows can also contain revenues obtained as a yield on the use by others of the statistical unit’s assets. Excluded from net turnover are:
all taxes, duties or levies linked directly to revenue;
any amounts collected on behalf of any principal, if the statistical unit is acting as an agent in its relationship with said principal;
all income not arising in the course of ordinary activities of the statistical unit. Usually, these types of income are classified as ‘Other (operating) income’, ‘Financial income’, ‘Extra-ordinary income’ or under a similar heading, depending on the respective set of generally accepted accounting standards used to prepare the financial statements.
Infra-annual statistics may not be able to take into account aspects such as annual price reductions, subsidies, rebates and discounts. For the activities of NACE K6411, K6419 and K649 net turnover is defined as the value of output minus subsidies or government grants. For the activities of NACE K642 and K643 net turnover can be approximated by the total operating costs, if net turnover is not available in the financial statements. For the activities of NACE K6511, K6512 and K652 net turnover is defined as Gross premiums earned. For the activities of NACE K653 the net turnover is defined as total pension contributions For activities of NACE K66 for which net turnover is not available in the financial statements, net turnover is defined as the value of output minus subsidies or government grants. For activities of NACE K66 for which net turnover is available in the financial statements, the standard definition of net turnover applies.
Total assets
Total assets refers to the sum of the balance sheet items at the end of the accounting period. It covers economic assets, which are divided into financial and non-financial assets. In the case of a multinational group, the data on total assets are to be taken from the EGR.
not transmitted.
Principal activity
The principal (or main) activity is the activity that contributes most to the total value added of a unit under consideration. Ideally, the principal activity of the unit should be determined with reference to the value added to the goods and services produced, by applying the top-down method. The top-down method follows a hierarchical principle: the classification of the unit at the lowest level of the classification must be consistent with the classification of the unit at higher levels. The principal activity so identified does not necessarily account for 50 % or more of the unit’s total value added. In the European Union the classification of principal activity is determined by reference to NACE Rev. 2, first at the highest level of classification and then at more detailed levels (top-down method).
In France, the value added is approximated by the turnover for determining the principal activity of legal units and enterprises.-
The statistical units maintained in the EGR are defined in accordance with the Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community.
The EGR frame contains the following units: Legal units, Enterprises and Multinational enterprise groups.
Legal units include:
legal persons whose existence is recognized by law independently of the individuals or institutions which may own them or are members of them,
natural persons who are engaged in an economic activity in their own right.
The legal unit always forms, either by itself or sometimes in combination with other legal units, the legal basis for the statistical unit known as the 'enterprise'.
Enterprise
The enterprise is the smallest combination of legal units that is an organizational unit producing goods or services, which benefits from a certain degree of autonomy in decision-making, especially for the allocation of its current resources. An enterprise carries out one or more activities at one or more locations. An enterprise may be a sole legal unit.
Multinational enterprise group
A multinational enterprise group is an enterprise group that has at least two enterprises or legal units located in different countries. In business statistics also term ‘global enterprise group’ is used.
The data transmitted to the EGR during the cycle is made of the following datasets.
The data set with information on all incorporated resident legal units for the EGR Identification Service.
ISRLE file including 40,4% population of resident legal units is sent to EGR for identification.
Sole proprietorships are excluded.
Resident branches of foreign legal units are included.
The data set with information on foreign legal units for the EGR Identification Service.
ISNORLE file including full population of foreign legal units recorded in the national statistical business register is sent to EGR for identification.
The data set with information on legal units.
LEU file including all resident legal units belonging to a global enterprise group is sent to EGR for processing.
The data set with information on relationships of ownership and control.
REL file including part of the relationships between legal units is sent to EGR for processing:
two resident legal units (full)
one resident and one foreign legal unit (88% because not all the foreign legal units are identified in the EGR-IS)
two foreign legal units from non EU+EFTA countries (none because no information).
Relationships in the REL are:
control relationships (>50%) (full)
minority relationships (<50%) (part: only >=10%)
The data set with information on enterprises.
ENT file including all enterprises made of legal units sent in LEU files is sent to EGR for processing.
The Data set with information on links between enterprises and legal units.
LEL file including full links between enterprise (ENT) and legal units (LEU) is sent to EGR for processing.
The Data set with information on enterprise groups of which country is the GDC country for the EuroGroups Register.
GEG file including full groups data is sent to the EGR for processing.
The groups’ variables are updated after receiving the preliminary frame:
GGH.
GDC.
France including ultraperipherical regions (Guadeloupe, Saint-Martin, Martinique, French Guiana, Reunion, Mayotte), as defined in the NUTS classification.
The reference period for data sent to the EGR reflects the picture of 31 December as at the given reference year.
Data transmitted to EGR during the EGR 2023 cycle includes data for the 2023 reference year. The identification refers to the 2023 reference year. The economic variables (number of employees, self -employed persons, turnover and economic activity) refer to the 2022 reference year.
The accuracy of the data transmitted to the EGR is:
Units
Assessment
Legal Units
Very good
Relationships between legal units
Very good
Enterprises characteristics
Very good
Enterprises perimeters
Good
Mulitnational entreprise group
(with Global decision centre in my country)
Satisfactory
This accuracy assessment is based on:
use of the national statistical business register
use of tax and administrative data sources
interviews with the consolidators and accountants of major groups
expertise of groups with more than 1,000 employees in France
The main issues regarding accuracy of the data and issue importance are as follows:
Units
Issue
Importance
Legal units
employment criteria
the number of employees corresponds to the number of employees at 31/12 and not to the average number of employees
Relationships between legal units
over-coverage
very few duplications of financial links with legal units in non-OECD countries due to problems with identifiers
Entreprises characteristics
employment criteria
the number of employees corresponds to the number of employees at 31/12 and not to the average number of employees
Entreprises perimeters
uncovered NACE A and K sectors
for the nace A and K sectors, the enterprise corresponds to the legal unit.
Multinational entreprise group
(with Global decision centre in my country)
missing data
No data source currently implemented in the national information system for worldwide characteristics of MNEs required as conditional variables.
The actions will be taken from 2025 to improve accuracy of the data are as follows:
the average number of employees will be available and calculated from administrative data
a new calculation of the group APE will be implemented
data on groups will be enhanced using the Ofats survey (global framework)
the country of residence of the UCI, in the case of an individual or a family, will be determined by acquiring the information from a private source.
Another action is being considered: to improve the IT application of the French register of groups (named LIFI) in order that the register managers can enter the country of residence of the UCI and worldwide data on employment and turnover found in activity reports.
The economic variables on employment are recorded in absolute figures.
The net turnover for enterprises is recorded in euro currency.
The net turnover is recorded in millions in euro currency.
No imputation
The data are based on a multisource process including administrative and private data.
The data transmitted to the EGR by the national statistical institutes are micro data and are not disseminated. Only aggregates are disseminated in Eurobase every year.
The EGR process refers to a reference year T and is run yearly over a period of 11 months, between May T+1 and March T+2.
Geographical comparability is guaranteed
Since the 2021 EGR cycle, data transmitted to EGR, except the economic variables (see 5. Reference Period), has included data for the same reference year. Before, the files sent for the (Y) EGR cycle were built according to (Y-1) data.
