Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) 

Statistical services 

Luke, Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 9, PO Box 2, FI-00790 Helsinki 

The data describe the structure of agricultural holdings providing the general characteristics of farms and farmers and information on their land, livestock and labour force.  They also describe production methods, rural development measures and agro-environmental aspects that look at the impact of agriculture on the environment.

The data are used by public, researchers, farmers and policy-makers to better understand the state of the farming sector and the impact of agriculture on the environment. The data follow up the changes in the agricultural sector and provide a basis for decision-making in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and other European Union policies.

The statistical unit is the agricultural holding (farm). The aggregated results are disseminated through statistical tables. The data are presented at different geographical levels and over periods.
The data collections are organised in line with Regulation (EU) 2018/1091 and have a new structure, consisting of a core data set and several modules. The regulation covers the data collections in 2020 (the agricultural census), 2023 and 2026. The data are as comparable and coherent as possible with the other European countries.

Data are arranged in tables using many classifications. Please find below information on most classifications.

The classifications of variables are available in Annex III of Regulation (EU) 2018/1091 and in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1874.

The farm typology means a uniform classification of the holdings based on their type of farming and their economic size. Both are determined on the basis of the standard gross margin (SGM) (until 2007) or standard output (SO) (from 2010 onward) which is calculated for each crop and animal. The farm type is determined by the relative contribution of the different productions to the total standard gross margin or the standard output of the holding.

The territorial classification uses the NUTS classification to break down the regional data. The regional data is available at NUTS level 2.

The statistics cover agricultural holdings undertaking agricultural activities as listed in item 3.5 below and meeting the minimum coverage requirements (thresholds) as listed in item 3.6 below.

The list of core variables is set in Annex III of Regulation (EU) 2018/1091.

The descriptions of the core variables as well as the lists and descriptions of the variables for the modules collected in 2020 are set in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1874.

The following groups of variables are collected in 2020:

• for core: location of the holding, legal personality of the holding, manager, type of tenure of the utilised agricultural area, variables of land, organic farming, irrigation on cultivated outdoor area, variables of livestock, organic production methods applied to animal production;
• for the module "Labour force and other gainful activities": farm management, family labour force, non-family labour force, other gainful activities directly and not directly related to the agricultural holding;
• for the module "Rural development": support received by agricultural holdings through various rural development measures;
• for the module "Animal housing and rural development module":  animal housing, nutrient use and manure on the farm, manure application techniques, facilities for manure.

See sub-category below.

The agricultural holding is a single unit, both technically and economically, that has a single management and that undertakes economic activities in agriculture in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 belonging to groups:

- A.01.1: Growing of non-perennial crops

- A.01.2: Growing of perennial crops

- A.01.3: Plant propagation

- A.01.4: Animal production

- A.01.5: Mixed farming or

- The “maintenance of agricultural land in good agricultural and environmental condition” of group A.01.6 within the economic territory of the Union, either as its primary or secondary activity.

Regarding activities of class A.01.49, only the activities “Raising and breeding of semi-domesticated or other live animals” (with the exception of raising of insects) and “Bee-keeping and production of honey and beeswax” are included.

See sub-categories below.

The thresholds of agricultural holdings are available in the annex.

The same population of agricultural holdings defined in item 3.6.1.

The above answer holds for the modules ‘Labour force and other gainful activities’ and ‘Rural development’. The module ‘Machinery and equipment’ is not collected in 2020.

The same population of agricultural holdings defined in item 3.6.2.

See sub-categories below.

The entire territory of the country.

Finland Islands

Not available

Farm structure statistics in our country cover the period from 1995 onwards. Older time series are described in the previous quality reports (national methodological reports).

The 2020 data are processed (by Eurostat) with 2017 standard output coefficients (calculated as a 5-year average of the period 2015-2019). For more information, you can consult the definition of the standard output.

Two kinds of units are generally used:

• the units of measurement for the variables (area in hectares, livestock in (1000) heads or LSU (livestock units), labour force in persons or AWU (annual working units), standard output in Euro, places for animal housing etc.) and
• the number of agricultural holdings having these characteristics.

See sub-categories below.

The use of land refers to the reference year 2020. In the case of successive crops from the same piece of land, the land use refers to a crop that is harvested during the reference year, regardless of when the crop in question is sown. For land variables is 12-month reference period ending 31.12.2020. 

A 12-month period for variables on irrigation ending on 31.12.2020. Variables on soil management practices are not part of the IFS 2020.

The reference day of number of animals is 1.4.2020 within the reference year 2020.

The 12-month period ending on 31.12.2020. This period includes the reference day used for livestock and animal housing.

The 12-month period ending on 31.12.2020 within the reference year 2020.

The three-year period ending on 31 December 2020.

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

The Statistics Act (280/2004)

Act on the Food and Natural Resources Statistics (562/2014)

The link to the Statistical Act is in annex.

Year 2004.

Clear conditions for granting statistical authorities and researchers access to microdata for statistical and scientific purposes are stated in the Statistics Act (280/2004) and act on food and natural resources statistics (562/2014).  These conditions are publicly available on website stat.luke.fi. Luke has a policy to share published statistical data as open data for the users. According to the Statistics Act Luke can share data with other statistical authorities taking into account confidentiality and data protection requirements. In practice Luke and Statistics Finland share some data including identifiers. For scientific use Luke can give individual data without identifiers. The microdata files are delivered to the users by secure channels. In a written decision the rules for using data in a secure way are defined. Luke gives access to microdata for certain period and after this period, the user has to delete the microdata and inform Luke when the data is deleted.

Confidentiality is a base principle of statistics and assures the confidential processing of data provided by informants, and the Natural Resources Institute Finland has undertaken to follow this principle. Clear provisions for statistical confidentiality and data protection are stated in the Statistics Act (280/2004), guaranteeing statistical confidentiality and data protection. The statistical confidentiality and data protection of Official Statistics of Finland are guided by the recommendations of the Advisory Board of Official Statistics of Finland. The written instructions, guidelines and training in order to preserve and ensure statistical confidentiality and data protection are available for the staff. Luke has data protection and privacy policy and practices. Luke’s data protection officer assistance in general questions related to data protection. 

Commitments on the compliance with the provisions of statistical confidentiality are in place in Luke’s personnel working with statistics and are signed by all statistical staff in place or on appointment, as well as by external parties who undertake work on behalf of the Luke’s statistical services unit.  According the Statistics Act (280/2004, section 24), a person who violates the provisions on secrecy, non-disclosure and prohibition of use prescribed referred to in section 13 shall be sentenced to a fine for violation of statistical confidentiality.

A statistical confidentiality practices is publicly available in stat.luke.fi website. It sets out principles and commitments focused on statistical confidentiality that reinforce the trust of respondents, the public and other stakeholders. These practices are informed to respondents of statistical surveys in cover letters and home pages of these surveys. Provisions are in place to ensure that prior to the release of statistical information (aggregate data and microdata), statistical disclosure control methods are applied in order to secure statistical confidentiality.

See sub-categories below.

See sub-categories below.

The individual values of sums, averages or other data are not presented if calculated from figures of less than three farms. If the value of hidden cell can be calculated, then other cell will be hidden following secondary confidentiality rule.

See sub-categories below.

Microdata is not disseminated. Researchers can get microdata to the scientific research. This requires written application for the data. The researchers are not allowed to publish microdata.

Information for the IFS is collected for statistical use only. The format in which the results are published ensures that no information about individual farms can be deduced.

Farm-specific information is not surrendered to the authorities. Information can be provided to research institutions for research use, but only if the recipients and users adhere to the same confidentiality requirements as Luke.

There is a common release calendar for all the Luke's statistics. Release calendar for 2022 was published at the end of the year 2021. This includes final releases for IFS.

Release calendar is available in the Internet: https://stat.luke.fi/en/releasecalendar

All the releases are in the release calendar. Data users can order an e-mail notification when the statistics is published. 

Not applicable

The data are disseminated at national level every 3-4 years. 

See sub-categories below.

https://www.luke.fi/en/news/agricultural-and-horticultural-farms-heated-with-renewable-energy-machinery-powered-by-imported-energy/

https://www.luke.fi/en/news/hired-employees-accounting-for-a-larger-part-of-agricultural-and-horticultural-work/

https://www.luke.fi/en/news/every-third-farm-obtains-additional-income-from-other-business-activities/

https://www.luke.fi/en/news/the-majority-of-cattle-live-in-loose-housing/

https://www.luke.fi/en/news/a-third-of-the-cultivated-area-was-fertilised-with-manure-in-2020/

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

The number of consultations of data table is not available.  

https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/LUKE/

See sub-category below.

Not available

Not requested.

See sub-categories below.

Not requested.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

IFS 2020 data follows Eurostat's instructions. 

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable

Not available

Not available

Administration and researches. 

Only for national purposes were asked questions of the use of energy, manure management and amount of so called contract field (filed which in not rented out but someone else is cultivating it) . Use of energy was asked because we publish statistics about use of energy at farms. There was also separate module for number of pigs in order to avoid separate pig survey in December 2020. 

Altogether, the following data was collected for national statistical requirements: 

• When happened the last change of the generation on the farm?
• Contract field, is there contract field in the farm and how many hectares? Has the farm given its yields as contract field to other farm and how many hectares?
• Number of foreigner labour force
• Energy consumption of agriculture and horticulture 2020
• Information on other gainful activity (including line of business) was collected in greater detail than required by EU legislation.
• Number of pigs 1.12.2020
• Manure management of the farm

User needs are met quite well. 

Not applicable

Discussions with the users.

Not applicable

Information on low- and zero prevalence variables is available on: Eurostat's website.

Not applicable for Integrated Farm Statistics as the not collected variables, not-significant variables and not-existent variables are completed with 0.

See categories below.

See sub-categories below.

Please find the relative standard errors for the main variables in the annex.

Only LAFO and AHMM modules weren't census variables in the IFS 2020. All the land and animal variables are from the administrative registers and they are census variables in the IFS 2020 data. There are four variables which doesn't meet RSE threshold from the Regulation. Reason for this is that there are quite few pig and poultry farms in Finland and there are big variation between them.  Because animal variables were census variables we didn't use number of animals as stratification variable. Because of lack of resources we weren't able to work more with post-stratification.

The results were estimated with SAS software. Variances of the characteristics collected on the sample survey were estimated using the CLAN software developed by Statistics Sweden.

See sub-categories below.

See sub-categories below.

The over-coverage rate is available in the annex. The over-coverage rate is unweighted.
The over-coverage rate is calculated as the share of ineligible holdings to the holdings designated for the core data collection. The ineligible holdings include those holdings with unknown eligibility status that are not imputed nor re-weighted for (therefore considered ineligible).
The over-coverage rate is calculated over the holdings in the main frame and if applicable frame extension, for which core data are sent to Eurostat. 

Agricultural and horticultural register is updated every year using administrative registers. There was no over-coverage at all in the Agricultural Census 2020.

Not requested.

See sub-categories below.

There ar no under coverage. We update statistical agricultural and horticultural register every year. The frame was updated for the year 2020 before agricultural census started.

The under-coverage error is so small that there is no need any actions.

Not available

Effective use of administrative registers in the future also. 

In the future we will collect more farmers' e-mail addresses in order to send e-mails for them. We already use SMS messages and they are very effective. Farmers sing in to the web questionnaire with strong identification (same what they use for bank). So they don't need any mail in order to answer to the questionnaire. However there probably will be also a letter in the future.

See sub-categories below.

The most important administrative source of data for farm structure statistics is Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS), where the date from farm subsidy applications is recorded. Farmers almost invariably fill in their subsidy applications meticulously, as they may otherwise face sanctions. Errors in land areas and livestock figures are usually minor and result from misunderstandings, lack of time, or inaccurate data entry. Information from other animal registers (bovine, pig, sheep and goat) is used as a source of animal number data. Farmers must inform the record keeper of any changes in their farm’s animal numbers by the due date. These registers are therefore largely comprehensive.

Farmers found questions concerning their labour force and the farm’s other business activities quite difficult. Calculating working hours retrospectively was a problem, as most farms do not keep an account of working hours. In these cases, calculating the annual number of hours spent on farm work was sometimes challenging. In Finland, agricultural workers – and livestock farmers in particular – work more than 1 800 hours per year, that is, more than one person-year. In previous surveys, forestry work may have been partially included in farm work. From 2005 onwards until 2016, the number of hours spent on forestry work has been a separate item in the questionnaire. This time there weren't separate category for forestry work. However there was instruction that working hours aren't including forestry work. Even now, the classification of certain tasks is open to various interpretations. In some cases, it is not always clear at what point farm or horticultural production becomes further processing, that is, other business activity.

Other questions for which farmers’ responses may contain measurement errors include irrigation, arable farming, horticulture, and livestock production. As this information may not be directly obtainable from registers, farmers may find it difficult to provide completely accurate information. This does not, however, have a significant effect on the final results.

Not available

See sub-categories below.

The unit non-response rate is in the annex of item 13.3.1.1. The unit non-response rate is unweighted.
The unit non-response rate is calculated as the share of eligible non-respondent holdings to the eligible holdings.  The eligible holdings include those holdings with unknown eligibility status which are imputed or re-weighted for (therefore considered eligible).
The unit non-response rate is calculated over the holdings in the main frame and if applicable frame extension, for which core data are sent to Eurostat.

We didn't carry out non-response analysis. There is only partial non-response because most of the core variables are from the administrative registers. 

We don't calculate item non-response rate because it is impossible to know whether farmer should have answered some special questions or not for example OGA questions. 

Not applicable

Not available

See sub-categories below.

Cross check of results to earlier figures. Number of animals and UAA has been published earlier as a official statistics and figures has been processed. 

Statistical department uses SAS software and only staff in the Statistical department are allowed to make corrections.

Not applicable

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

Telephone interviews was finished on 30 April 2021. After that the data was checked and approved. The first preliminary data were published on 18 May 2021. The time between the end of data collection and publication of the first results was about seven weeks. 

For other characteristics the reference period ended at the end of the year 2020, after which there were five preliminary publications between May 2021 and January 2021. The time lag between reference day and first results was 5-11 months. 

The estimation of the time between the end of data collection and completion of the final data is 10 months.

The estimation of the time between the end of the reference period of characteristics and the publication of the final results is about 15-18 months. 

Results were published in five sets in the Luke's web page  http://stat.luke.fi/en/uusi-etusivu. There are no paper publications of the results.

See sub-categories below.

See sub-categories below.

Not requested.

There are no paper publications. 

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable, because there are no mirror flows in Integrated Farm Statistics.

See sub-categories below.

The definition of the agricultural holding is the same as in Regulation (EU) 2018/1091.

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

In Finland the threshold is 2 000 € (SO). There are no other threshold.

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

There are no differences in the definition of variables published on national level and the data sent to Eurostat.

The information is available in the annex. 
The number of working hours and days in a year for a full-time job correspond to one annual working unit (AWU) in the country. One annual work unit corresponds to the work performed by one person who is occupied on an agricultural holding on a full-time basis. Annual working units are used to calculate the farm work on the agricultural holdings.

The information is available in the annex of item 15.1.4.1.1. 

The information is available in the annex of item 15.1.4.1.1. 

Finland uses LSU coefficients which are set in Regulation (EU) 2018/1091.

There are no "Other livestock" in any farm.

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

There are no deviations from Regulation (EU) 2018/1091.

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

There are no deviations.

Not applicable

There are no differences in methods across regions within the country.

See sub-categories below.

The threshold was changed 2013 otherwise there has been no changes. Since 2013 the threshold has been 2 000 € (SO).

See sub-categories below.

Regulation (EU) 2018/1091 newly considers agricultural holdings with only fur animals. However even if our country raises fur animals, holdings with only fur animals are not included in our data collection because they do not meet the thresholds.  The thresholds for animals are expressed in livestock units (LSU) and fur animals are not associated LSU coefficients. We did not add thresholds related to fur animals; there is no reason for it (fur animals do not contribute towards 98% of the total LSU).

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

Legal personality of the agricultural holding

In IFS, there is a new class (“shared ownership”) for the legal personality of the holding compared to FSS 2016, which trigger fluctuations of holdings in the classes of sole holder holdings and group holdings.

Other livestock n.e.c.

In FSS 2016, deer were included in this class, but in IFS they are classified separately.

Also in FSS 2016, there was a class for the collection of equidae. That has been dropped and equidae are included in IFS in "other livestock n.e.c."

Livestock units

In FSS 2016, turkeys, ducks, geese, ostriches and other poultry were considered each one in a separate class with a coefficient of 0.03 for all the classes except for ostriches (coefficient 0.035). In IFS 2020, the coefficients were adjusted accordingly, with turkeys remaining at 0.03, ostriches remaining at 0.35, ducks adjusted to 0.01, geese adjusted to 0.02 and other poultry fowls n.e.c. adjusted to 0.001.

Organic animals

While in FSS only fully compliant (certified converted) animals were included, in IFS both animals under conversion and fully converted are to be included.

See sub-categories below.

In FSS 2016, the reference period for livestock was:  1 April for pigs and poultry  and 1 May for cattle, sheep and goats.

In IFS 2020, the reference period for livestock was: 1 April

In FSS 2016, the reference period for labour force was 1 September 2015- 31 August 2016.

In IFS 2020, the reference period for labour force was the 12-month period ending on 31 December 2020.

In FSS 2016, the reference period for irrigation was from late April to mid-October 2016.

In IFS 2020, the reference period for total irrigable area is the 12-month period ending on 31 December 2020.

In FSS 2016, the reference period for arable land was 30 June 2015-1 July 2016 and the reference date for land characteristics other than arable land was 1 May 2016.

In IFS 2020, the reference period for land variables is 12-month reference period ending 31.12.2020. 

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable

Main time series discrepancies:
- J1000T Permanent pastures and meadow, (excluding rough grazings) – outdoor. Some of the source area classes in IACS were moved to variable Q0000T Fallow land – outdoor.
- I1110T Rape and turnip rape seeds – outdoor : The area has increased since 2016. There is large variation in annual area of this aggregate.
- I2200T Hemp – outdoor: Area is small and there is large variation between years.
- J2000T Permanent rough grazings – outdoor: Area is small and there is large variation between years.
- P1000T Field peas, beans and sweet lupins - outdoor: The area has increased since 2016.
- V0000_S0000TO Fresh vegetables (including melons) and strawberries grown in rotation with non-horticultural crops - outdoor - open field: Area of garden pea has a large increase since 2016.
- Livestock: the number of farms without LSU increased

Break in the time series for OGA_NRH
In 2020, data on OGA not related to holding were collected from farms with LEG_FORM = FARM_HLD and holder as manager, but not from farms where LEG_FORM = FARM_HLD_SPOUFAM. The SPOUFAM farms were considered to have more than one holder and were therefore excluded. In the figure above, farms with LEG_FORM = FARM_HLD_SPOUFAM are “Not collected”.
in 2020 they are in fact included in OGA_NRH only the holdings with LEG_FORM=FARM_HLD.
Actually, for holdings with LEG_FORM = FARM_HLD_SPOUFAM, the collection of the OGA not directly related to holdings is not requested in IFS 2020 and neither in IFS 2023.
However, the categories A_2_holdingtype=1 in 2016 and LEG_FORM=FARM_HLD in 2020 are not equivalent (part of the category A_2_holdingtype=1 in 2016 became LEG_FORM=FARM_HLD_SPOUFAM in 2020,
FARM_HLD_SPOUFAM is a new category in 2020), therefore the evolution between 2016 and 2020 is misleading. There is a break in time series which is caused by the change in the EU Regulation and the handbook (reclassification of the legal personality classes and different requirements concerning the coverage of the OGA_NRH, between 2016 and 2020).

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable to Integrated Farm Statistics, because there are no sub annual data collections in agriculture.

Not applicable, because Integrated Farm Statistics have no relevance for national accounts.

See sub-categories below.

In Finland we get a lot of data from registers. All the animals and crop areas are from agricultural registers. We use same data in the animal and crop statistics than in the IFS.

See sub-categories below.

Coherence cross-domain on main area:
There are some differences between IFS and APRO aggregates. Plants harvested green is bigger in APRO because there the area is taken from yield survey where this is asked from farmers. IFS is using IACS data. For regional data, APRO aggregates aren’t exact because they are calculated using coefficients. Kitchen garden is NS variable in IFS because the area is so small. In APRO aggregates kitchen garden area includes some horticultural area.
In IFS data P0000 includes mixed dry pulses and protein crops. In APRO aggregates these are included to the mixed crops and other cereals. In IFS data the variable C0000 (cereals for production of grain) is from the IACS. This means sown area. In APRO aggregates the area doesn’t include grain harvested green or area which was not harvested.
In the variable J0000 (permanent grassland) there is difference in the classification of the IACS codes.
the variable J0000 (permanent grassland) there is difference in the classification of the IACS codes.

The data are internally consistent. This is ensured by the application of a wide range of validation rules.

See sub-categories below.

The schedules of the IFS 2020 survey and other surveys were synchronised to avoid the situation where farmers must answer to several surveys simultaneously and there is also coordination that one question is asked only once. 

Luke follows the data collection principle laid down in the Finnish Statistics Act: existing register data should be utilised where possible, and no information included in registers should be inquired upon again for statistical purposes. The majority of the data for the IFS 2020 was taken directly from statistical register.

For IFS 2020, we got farmers' education from education register and work done by farm worker from Farmers' Social Insurance Institution Mela. 

We used Incomes Register in order to define how much regularly hired employees worked.

Incomes Register:  https://www.vero.fi/en/incomes-register/

See sub-categories below.

Duration of collecting core variables from farms by telephone was 13 minutes. A big part of core variables were taken from the registers.

Not available

Not relevant

Not available

Revision policy follow’s release guidelines of the Advisory Board of Official Statistics of Finland. These guidelines are set up according to European requirements and is publicly available. According these guidelines, errors discovered in published data are corrected as soon as they are discovered and information of major errors, and revisions will be published earliest possible and advance notice will be given when needed. The descriptions of revisions are published on statistic’s website stat.luke.fi.

The data collected during the IFS was delivered to Eurostat as a single file. The information was validated by Eurostat, which sent Luke a list of errors and items to be checked. Luke then carried out the necessary changes and corrections. If any errors are later detected or specified, a revised file will be sent to Eurostat.

Part of the data were published nationally. Once the data have passed Eurostat’s validation process, a final version will be published. Any corrections to published national data will be made according to the recommendations of the Official Statistics of Finland.

Not requested.

See sub-categories below.

See sub-categories below.

Statistical register of agricultural and horticultural enterprises.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable for 2019/2020.

Not applicable for 2019/2020.

Not applicable for 2019/2020.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

The Sample is stratified by unit location (NUTS 3), unit size and unit specialization. 

Unit size classes (SO):

1: 2000 – 25 000

2: 25 000 – 50 000

3: 50 000 – 100 000

4: 100 000 – 250 000

5: 250 000 - 99999999999

Unit specialization:

1: Cereals production and other plant production

2: Greenhouse production

3: Outdoor production

4: Milk production

5: Beef production

6: Other cattle husbandry

7: Pig husbandry

8: Poultry husbandry

9: Other grazing livestock

10: Mixed production

There are on full coverage strata.

We use optimal sample size method.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

The sample is stratified by unit location (NUTS 3), unit size and unit specialization. 

Unit size classes (SO):

1: 2000 – 25 000

2: 25 000 – 50 000

3: 50 000 – 100 000

4: 100 000 – 250 000

5: 250 000 - 99999999999

Unit specialization:

1: Cereals production and other plant production

2: Greenhouse production

3: Outdoor production

4: Milk production

5: Beef production

6: Other cattle husbandry

7: Pig husbandry

8: Poultry husbandry

9: Other grazing livestock

10: Mixed production

There were 162 full coverage strata. These strata included 339 farms. Total amount of strata was 773 including 45 630 farms. 

The sample was allocated using the mean of a proportional and optimal allocation (Neymann allocation). The allocation variable was the economic size of the farm. This allocation method resulted in a sample drawn randomly yet evenly from all over Finland, and in such a way that the sampling ratio increased with farm size. For livestock farms, the sampling ratio was greater than for farms engaged in crop production, as variances in economic size for livestock farms were greater than for farms engaged in crop production.

SAS

See sub-categories below.

The information is available on Eurostat's website.

See the attached Excel file in the Annex.

The information on innovative approaches and the quality methods applied is available here Eurostat's website.

The agricultural census is conducted every 10 years. The decennial agricultural census is complemented by sample or census-based data collections organised every 3-4 years in-between.

See sub-categories below.

There weren't actual questionnaire at all. Please find the question in Finnish and English in annexes.

See sub-categories below.

SAS and Eurostats' validation through eDamis.

We used Neyman's optimal allocation.

We got almost all the main variables from the administrative registers. The only core variable which was collected from farms was variable WH_MAN_AWU_PC (Working hours by farm manager - % band Annual work units (AWU)) and the imputation rate for this variable was 13 %.              

Covered under Data compilation.

Not applicable to Integrated Farm Statistics, because it collects structural data on agriculture.

See sub-categories below.

CAP – Common Agricultural Policy

CAPI –  Computer Assisted Personal Interview

CATI – Computer Assisted Telephone Interview

CAWI – Computer Assisted Web Interview

FSS – Farm Structure Survey

IACS – Integrated Administration and Control System

IFS – Integrated Farm Statistics

LSU – Livestock units

NACE – Nomenclature of Economic Activities

NUTS – Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics

PAPI – Paper and Pencil Interview

RSE - Relative standard error

SO – Standard output

UAA – Utilised agricultural area

No additional comments.