Job vacancy statistics (jvs)

Reference dates
The last day of the quarter

Brief description of the data collection method(s)	Remarks
Questionnaires are sent by post. In ACEMO surveys, enterprises can answer online if they want to.

Brief description of the Calibration method used for the estimation of the JVS rate of very small businesses
A calibration method is used to calculate the quarterly job vacancy rate for very small businesses (less than 10 employees). The model calibrates the relationship between the job vacancy rate for businesses with 10 to 19 employees, using annual data for very small businesses and data for each second quarter for businesses with 10 to 19 employees. This relationship is then used to estimate the quarterly change in the job vacancy rate for very small businesses.

Description of the national users and their main needs	Remarks
These data are produced to inform public authorities, researchers and enterprises about economic information on job vacancies, detailed by sector of activity and by size of enterprise (number of employees).

Extent to which the needs of national users are satisfied (voluntary)	Remarks
Not available

Description of missing variables and missing breakdowns of the variables	Report progress on the implementation measures regarding quarterly job vacancies statistics of Regulation (EC) No 453/2008, including : a detailed plan and timetable for completing implementation a summary of the remaining deviations from EU concepts
Measuring public service sector job vacancies (Nace sector O).	Measuring public service sector job vacancies In order to meet the obligations arising from the 2008 Regulation, Dares provided Eurostat on 30 January 2010 with two feasibility studies on extending the measurement of job vacancies in the field of enterprises with fewer than 10 employees from the competitive sector to the non-competitive sector. The first feasibility study concluded that it would be necessary to improve the wording of the question on job vacancies contained in the quarterly survey on activity and conditions of employment for labour (Acemo) conducted by Dares among enterprises with 10 or more employees in the competitive sector. It also explained that France would be able to provide Eurostat, in the course of 2011, with an initial estimate of the number of posts which had been vacant at the end of 2010 in enterprises with fewer than 10 employees in the competitive sector, on the basis of a question to that effect included in the annual survey which Dares conducts in this regard. The estimate would then be updated annually. The second feasibility study provided details of the ways in which job vacancies might be estimated in the public service sector but concluded that the information systems in existence at the time meant that it would be impossible to collect such data before 2012 at the earliest. The question on job vacancies in the quarterly Acemo survey among enterprises with 10 or more employees in the competitive sector was reworded in the survey on the 4th quarter of 2010. The rewording was intended to improve the way in which job vacancies are measured by changing where the question came in the Acemo survey and providing in particular a more precise definition than previously of the concept of 'job vacancy' (box 1). Since February 2011, twice a quarter, 45 and 75 days after the end of the quarter to which the estimate relates, Dares has provided Eurostat with sectoral estimates of job vacancies in enterprises with 10 or more employees in the competitive sector (series of numbers of job vacancies and numbers of occupied posts, from which the rate of job vacancies in each sector can be reconstituted). The field covered by the estimate is in line with that of the quarterly Acemo survey and thus relates to enterprises active in the competitive sector in France which employ at least 10 staff. The following sectors are excluded: agriculture, fishing and forestry, public administration, social welfare under the 1901 Act, associations of owners of multi-apartment buildings, employer households and extraterritorial activities. Moreover, the employed workforce does not include temporary agency staff or trainees.
Measuring job vacancies in local units with fewer than 10 employees	From 2024, local units with 9 or fewer employees will be included in the job vacancy statistics. Job vacancy statistic on small businesses will be based on the Activité et conditions d'emploi de la main-d'œuvre sur les petites entreprises (Acemo TPE). However, these data are only available on an annual basis, which necessitates the implementation of a quarterly procedure to reconstitute quarterly series for the TPE field and, by aggregation, for the entire field. The approach adopted is inspired by the calibration method used by INSEE to produce quarterly accounts. The first step consists in modelling the annual relationship between the series of job vacancy rates in very small companies and the series of job vacancy rates in companies with 10 to 19 employees (the underlying indicator). This relationship is then used to extrapolate each annual very small businesses sector series into a quarterly series. The second phase of this approach involves correcting the estimated values by distributing the annual shims (differences between the vacancy rate predicted by the first stage and that observed) over the different quarters.

Coefficient of variation (taking into account the sampling design) or estimated sampling error for the number of job vacancies (see guidelines).
The coefficients of variation for the variables "rate of job vacancies" and 'number of job vacancies' are available for each quarter, broken down by sectors of activity in the NACE. Cf. in Annex 'Coefficient of variation'.

Information on variables with non-negligible measurement and processing errors	Information on main sources of (non-negligible) measurement and processing errors and, if available, on methods applied for correction	Estimation bias: An assessment of the non-sampling errors, in terms of the absolute number of vacant posts, for the total number of job vacancies and, where possible, for aggregation level of NACE Rev. 2 specified in Annex 1 to this Regulation and size classes (1-9, 10 + employees).	Remarks
Not available	Not available	Since the 4th quarter of 2010 and the introduction of the new question on job vacancies which is closer to Eurostat's definition, a quantitative gain has been observed. In general terms, the survey of job vacancies and the understanding of the concept do not pose any significant problems to the establishments surveyed. There are nonetheless a number of points which are not understood and which could give rise to minor errors in the estimates: the Eurostat definition refers to recruitment 'immediately or in the near future'. The word 'near' is ambiguous; establishments do not understand the time-scale of the survey and may decide to respond in respect of a given point in time (i.e. to 'immediately') or over a period (i.e. to 'near future', e.g. 'intend to recruit 5 000 employees over the course of the next six months'). Since 2012, the words 'near future' have been replaced in the questionnaire by the words 'in the next three months', in response to comments from units which had difficulty in completing this question. the concept of 'actively seeking candidates' is also perceived as slightly vague by the establishments responding to the survey and some of these sometimes include posts which they are not looking to fill (posts occupied by people on temporary contracts or who are about to retire). An explanatory note to the survey questionnaire and a Frequently Asked Questions page, both accessible to the general public, have been introduced to explain the different points which give rise to these various problems. The explanatory note can be found at: Travail-emploi. From 2015Q4 onwards, ACEMO team improved the methodology used to correct nonresponse (specifically regarding the question concerning job vacancies). This change has however created a level shift in raw job vacancies data. From 2018Q4, Acemo survey's field was extended. The survey coverage was extended to divisions 87 and 88 of NACE, which corresponds to : 87 : social and medicosocial accommodation 88 : social work activities without accommodation Furthermore, the coverage was extended to legal categories 91 and 92 (co-owned Syndicates and associations). This change of field occurred on February 2019. All the series from 2003Q2 (number of occupied posts and number of vacancies) were corrected to take into account this new field.

Description of any difference between the reference population and the study population	Description of classification errors	Description of any difference between the reference dates and the reference quarter	Any other relevant information
Establishments of enterprises with 250 or more employees are selected exhaustively. Establishments of enterprises with between 10 and 250 employees are selected randomly so as to minimise the accuracy error of the different estimators in the publication strata. A quarter of the sample is renewed each year. Sampling rate and number of establishments surveyed: see in Annex 'Quarterly sampling rate'. Establishments of enterprises with 9 or fewer employess are selected randomly so as to minimise the accuracy error of te different estimators in the publication strata. A quarter of the sample is renewed each year. Sampling rate and establishments surveyed: see in Annex 'sampling rate'.	Not available	Not available

Unit response rate
Unit response rates for Acemo surveys can be found in the annex.

Item imputation rate and methods and, where possible, the effect of imputation on the estimates for the variables transmitted
In the quarterly Acemo survey, for the variable 'number of job vacancies', non-response is dealt with on two levels. First, checks on the consistency of the questionnaires mean that units which have not responded can be contacted again. Second, observations made by the respondents are re-weighted in each stratum, taking into account the non-response rates (recalculation of the individual weighting for each question) so as to ensure that all the indicators examined remain representative.

If modelling is used, include a description of the models used. Particular emphasis should be given to models for imputation or grossing-up to correct for unit non-response.
Not relevant

Brief description of seasonal adjustment procedures, in particular with regard to the European Statistical System guidelines on seasonal adjustment which have been endorsed and supported by the SPC.
All the details are provided in the enclosed SA quality report. X13 method is used to realize the seasonal adjustment. Each quarter, a quarterly campaign of partial updating of the models is carried out using the refresh option "Partial concurrent adjustment / last outliers" in Jdemetra+. Every year, an annual full model update campaign will be carried out using the refresh option "Concurrent" in Jdemetra+. These revisions are in compliance with Eurostat's seasonal adjustment recommandations.

Provide a revision history, including the revisions in the published number of job vacancies and a summary of the reasons for the revisions.
The method of estimating job vacancies was refined at the same time as the wording of the question on job vacancies was amended. To ensure continuity in the data series, all the data necessary for estimating job vacancies (level and rate) were retrapolated to the 2nd quarter of 2003. There was nonetheless a break in the series in the 4th quarter of 2010 on account of the changes made to the Acemo survey questionnaire. Dares transmitted the retrapolated data to Eurostat in mid-February 2011, together with the estimates for the 4th quarter of 2010, 45 days after the end of that quarter. ACEMO team improved the methodology used to correct nonresponse (specifically regarding the question concerning job vacancies). This change has however created a level shift in raw job vacancies data. For information, this level shift was taken into account in the seasonal adjustement for the impacted series. From 2018Q4, Acemo survey's field was extended. The survey coverage was extended to divisions 87 and 88 of NACE, which corresponds to : 87 : social and medicosocial accommodation 88 : social work activities without accommodation Furthermore, the coverage was extended to legal categories 91 and 92 (co-owned Syndicates and associations). This change of field occurred on February 2019. All the series from 2003Q2 (number of occupied posts and number of vacancies) were corrected to take into account this new field.

Information on the time span between the release of data at national level and the reference period of the data.
Provisional results sent to Eurostat 45 days after the end of the quarter surveyed. Final results sent to Eurostat 70 days after the end of the quarter surveyed.

Comparisons of data on the number of vacant jobs from other relevant sources when available, in total and broken down by NACE at section level when relevant, and reasons if the values differ considerably.
There are two ways of finding out about job vacancies in France. The first involves asking establishments directly about the number of job vacancies available on a particular date, in the manner defined by Eurostat. Dares produces such statistics on the basis of the Acemo survey. The second way is based on identifying job offers placed with the Public Employment Service (Pôle emploi). Each month, the Public Employment Service collates job offers from enterprises and this produces four indicators: the number of vacancies registered (or collected) in the course of the month, i.e. vacancies placed with the Public Employment Service by employers; the number of vacancies filled, i.e. vacancies withdrawn in the course of the month on account of recruitment (whether through the Public Employment Service or not); the number of vacancies cancelled, i.e. vacancies withdrawn by employers in the course of the month because the recruitment has been cancelled or postponed or the employer has recruited internally; the stock of job vacancies at the end of the month, i.e. the vacancies still in the database at the end of the month. Regarding the second approach, the Public Employment Service and Dares stress in their joint publications (and in those of the Public Employment Service alone) those indicators relating to number of vacancies (vacancies registered or collected, vacancies filled and, to a lesser extent, vacancies withdrawn). This is because the 'stock of job vacancies at the end of the month' indicator is somewhat unreliable because not all job vacancies pass through the Public Employment Service and others may have a very old starting date, leading to the assumption that there is no longer an active campaign under way to fill them. The two approaches to job vacancies are totally different (number of posts to be filled on a particular date provided by enterprises versus number of vacancies placed with the Public Employment Service in the course of a month) and thus cannot be directly compared. From 2015Q4 onwards, ACEMO team improved the methodology used to correct nonresponse (specifically regarding the question concerning job vacancies). This change has however created a level shift in raw job vacancies data which impacts the Beveridge curve provided by Eurostat (change in the curve starting in 2015Q4 - cf curve enclosed). Great care must therefore be used in the analysis of the Beveridge curve's recent trends.

Dissemination scheme, including to whom the results are sent	Periodicity of national publication	References for publications of core results, including those with commentary in the form of text, graphs, maps, etc.	Information on what results, if any, are sent to reporting units included in the sample
Job vacancy files sent to Eurostat electronically through Edamis.	a) provisional results of first quarter Q of year N (publication): T+45 days b) Final results of first quarter Q of year N (publication): T+80 days	National publication : Job vacancy statistics (FR)	Quarterly Acemo survey: Example for the publication of the results of the first quarter Q of year N: Information returned to establishments: T+80 days

Description of and references for metadata provided	References for core methodological documents relating to the statistics provided	Description of main actions carried out by the national statistical services to inform users about the data	Remarks
A report on the job vacancies measure is available on the internet: Travail-emploi. A guide to respond to the survey has been created to enable establishments to complete the questionnaire correctly: Dares.travail-emploi.	Not available	A report on the job vacancies measure is available on the internet: Travail-emploi.

Disclosure rules: Brief description of when data have to be deleted for reasons of confidentiality
Not relevant

Special remarks
From 2018Q4, Acemo survey's field was extended. The survey coverage was extended to divisions 87 and 88 of NACE, which corresponds to : 87 : social and medicosocial accommodation. 88 : social work activities without accommodation. Furthermore, the coverage was extended to legal categories 91 and 92 (co-owned Syndicates and associations). This change of field occurred on February 2019. All the series from 2003Q2 (number of occupied posts and number of vacancies) were corrected to take into account this new field.

Job vacancy statistics (JVS) provide information on the level and structure of labour demand. The country transmits to Eurostat the quarterly data on the number of job vacancies and the number of occupied posts as well as provides the quality report under the JVS framework regulation and the two implementing regulations: the implementing regulation on the definition of a job vacancy, the reference dates for data collection, data transmission specifications and feasibility studies, as well as the implementing regulation on seasonal adjustment procedures and quality reports.

Not Applicable

A 'job vacancy' is defined as a paid post that is newly created, unoccupied, or about to become vacant:

for which the employer is taking active steps and is prepared to take further steps to find a suitable candidate from outside the enterprise concerned; and
which the employer intends to fill either immediately or within a specific period of time.

‘Active steps to find a suitable candidate’ include:

notifying the job vacancy to the public employment services,
contacting a private employment agency/head hunters,
advertising the vacancy in the media (for example internet, newspapers, magazines),
advertising the vacancy on a public notice board,
approaching, interviewing or selecting possible candidates/potential recruits directly,
approaching employees and/or personal contacts,
using internships.

'Specific period of time’ refers to the maximum time the vacancy is open and intended to be filled. That period shall be unlimited; all vacancies for which active steps are continuing on the reference date shall be reported.

An 'occupied post’ means a paid post within the organisation to which an employee has been assigned.

In quarterly ACEMO survey, statistical unit is « establishment », which corresponds to the local operating unit but sometimes, for the biggest enterprises or the one who have lots of establishments, it's the « enterprise » which corresponds to the legal unit (including all of the establishment).

In ACEMO TPE (on very small businesses), statistical unit is "enterprise".

From 2003Q2-2011Q1 local units with 10 employees or more.

From 2011Q2 local units with 1 employees or more.

France and overseas departments (except Mayotte).

Not Applicable

Not applicable.

Not Applicable

Brief description of the weighting method	Weighting dimensions
The weightings used in calculating the estimators using the data from Acemo surveys are based on the workforce by establishment (individual weightings) and the workforce by stratum resulting from the sampling frame (APE x size, aggregated weightings).	See information in the first column

Brief description of the Calibration method used for the estimation of the JVS rate of very small businesses
A calibration method is used to calculate the quarterly job vacancy rate for very small businesses (less than 10 employees). The model calibrates the relationship between the job vacancy rate for businesses with 10 to 19 employees, using annual data for very small businesses and data for each second quarter for businesses with 10 to 19 employees. This relationship is then used to estimate the quarterly change in the job vacancy rate for very small businesses.

Brief description of the Calibration method used for the estimation of the JVS rate of very small businesses

A calibration method is used to calculate the quarterly job vacancy rate for very small businesses (less than 10 employees).
The model calibrates the relationship between the job vacancy rate for businesses with 10 to 19 employees, using annual data for very small businesses and data for each second quarter for businesses with 10 to 19 employees. This relationship is then used to estimate the quarterly change in the job vacancy rate for very small businesses.

Identification of the source of the data	Quarterly Acemo survey
Coverage
Geographical	France and overseas departments (except Mayotte)
NACE	NACE sections B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S
Enterprise size	Local units with 10 employees or more
Definition of the statistical unit	Local units
Remarks	Quarterly Acemo survey : Sometimes information on wages policy, employment and working hours is centralised at the headquarters of the enterprise, and so enterprises have the option of replying as a group, one questionnaire being used for all the establishments. In this survey a 'unit' is the entity sampled (the establishment, and in 5% of cases, the enterprise). The grouped units account for 40% of the sample size.
Sampling design
Base used for the sample	Acemo survey management database and extract from the Sirene register.
Sampling design	The units with 250 or more employees are selected exhaustively. For the rest of the field, the sample for the quarterly survey is selected using a Neyman optimal allocation method to which a local accuracy constraint has been added to ensure that the lowest accuracy obtained for the estimators in the publication strata does not exceed a fixed threshold (accuracy threshold of 5% in all publication strata). This minimum accuracy constraint in the publication strata means that a minimum number of questionnaires have to be selected in the sampling strata. In addition to these statistical accuracy constraints there are realistic constraints on the maximum possible sampling rate imposed by the size of the units. The problem of optimal allocation has been resolved using an algorithmic method. The sampling plan for the quarterly Acemo survey also incorporates panel constraints. A panel was necessary because the main indicators derived from the survey are indices which change from one quarter to another (changes in basic monthly salaries, changes in the employed workforce). It was decided that the sample should rotate in the case of units with fewer than 250 employees; they are in theory surveyed for a maximum of four successive years.
Retention/renewal of sampling units	The sample is a panel, a quarter of which is renewed each year.
Sample size
Stratification	Stratification on the basis of two criteria: sector of activity (88 positions) and size of unit (6 employment size classes)
Other sources
Maintenance agency	Not applicable
Updating frequency	Not applicable
Rules for clearance (of outdated information)	Not applicable
Voluntary/compulsory reporting and sanctions	Not applicable
Remarks

Identification of the source of the data	Yearly Acemo survey on very small businesses
Coverage
Geographical	France and overseas departments (except Mayotte)
NACE	NACE sections B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S
Enterprise size	Enterprises with fewer than 10 employees
Definition of the statistical unit	Enterprises
Remarks
Sampling design
Base used for the sample	Acemo survey management database and extract from the Sirene register.
Sampling design	The sampling plan is stratified by sector of activity (APE in NAF38) and by size (number of employees in 3 brackets: 1-2, 3-5 and 6-9). There is no exhaustive stratum.
Retention/renewal of sampling units	The sample is renewed by a quarter each year (the units therefore remain in the survey for four years). In practice, due to the large number of out-of-scope units (cessation, 0 employees or change to 10 or more employees), the renewal rate is higher (between 35 and 40%).
Sample size	60 000 units
Stratification	Stratification on the basis of two criteria: sector of activity (APE in NAF38) and size of unit (3 employment size classes). There is no exhaustive stratum.
Other sources
Maintenance agency	Not applicable
Updating frequency	Not applicable
Rules for clearance (of outdated information)	Not applicable
Voluntary/compulsory reporting and sanctions	Not applicable
Remarks

Not Applicable

See 7.1.1.

Information on differences between national and European concepts, and — to the extent possible — their effects on the estimation.
No difference

Information on changes in definitions, coverage and methods in any two consecutive quarters, and their effects on the estimation.	Remarks
No changes

Job vacancy statistics (jvs)

1. Contact accordion arrow down accordion arrow up

1.1. Contact organisation

1.2. Contact organisation unit

1.3. Contact name

1.4. Contact person function

1.5. Contact mail address

1.6. Contact email address

1.7. Contact phone number

1.8. Contact fax number

2. Statistical presentation accordion arrow down accordion arrow up

2.1. Data description

2.2. Classification system

2.3. Coverage - sector

2.4. Statistical concepts and definitions

2.5. Statistical unit

2.6. Statistical population

2.7. Reference area

2.8. Coverage - Time

2.9. Base period

3. Statistical processing accordion arrow down accordion arrow up

3.1. Source data

3.2. Frequency of data collection

3.3. Data collection

3.4. Data validation

3.5. Data compilation

3.6. Adjustment

4. Quality management accordion arrow down accordion arrow up

4.1. Quality assurance

4.2. Quality management - assessment

5. Relevance accordion arrow down accordion arrow up

5.1. Relevance - User Needs

5.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction

5.3. Completeness

5.3.1. Data completeness - rate

6. Accuracy and reliability accordion arrow down accordion arrow up

6.1. Accuracy - overall

6.2. Sampling error

6.2.1. Sampling error - indicators

6.3. Non-sampling error

6.3.1. Coverage error

6.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate

6.3.1.2. Common units - proportion

6.3.2. Measurement error

6.3.3. Non response error

6.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate

6.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate

6.3.4. Processing error

6.3.4.1. Imputation - rate

6.3.5. Model assumption error

6.4. Seasonal adjustment

6.5. Data revision - policy

6.6. Data revision - practice

6.6.1. Data revision - average size

7. Timeliness and punctuality accordion arrow down accordion arrow up

7.1. Timeliness

7.1.1. Time lag - first result

7.1.2. Time lag - final result

7.2. Punctuality

7.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication

8. Coherence and comparability accordion arrow down accordion arrow up

8.1. Comparability - geographical

8.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient

8.2. Comparability - over time

8.2.1. Length of comparable time series

8.3. Coherence - cross domain

8.4. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics

8.5. Coherence - National Accounts

8.6. Coherence - internal

9. Accessibility and clarity accordion arrow down accordion arrow up

9.1. Dissemination format - News release

9.2. Dissemination format - Publications

9.3. Dissemination format - online database

9.3.1. Data tables - consultations

9.4. Dissemination format - microdata access

9.5. Dissemination format - other

9.6. Documentation on methodology

9.7. Quality management - documentation

9.7.1. Metadata completeness - rate

9.7.2. Metadata - consultations

1. Contact

2. Statistical presentation

3. Statistical processing

4. Quality management

5. Relevance

6. Accuracy and reliability

7. Timeliness and punctuality

8. Coherence and comparability

9. Accessibility and clarity

10. Cost and Burden

11. Confidentiality

12. Comment

Related metadata

Annexes