Job vacancy statistics (jvs)

National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRS)

Compiling agency: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de España (INE).


Eurostat metadata
Reference metadata
1. Contact
2. Statistical presentation
3. Statistical processing
4. Quality management
5. Relevance
6. Accuracy and reliability
7. Timeliness and punctuality
8. Coherence and comparability
9. Accessibility and clarity
10. Cost and Burden
11. Confidentiality
12. Comment
Related Metadata
Annexes (including footnotes)
 



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1. Contact Top
1.1. Contact organisation

Instituto Nacional de Estadística de España (INE).
1.2. Contact organisation unit

Labour Market Statistics Directorate (INE)
1.5. Contact mail address

Avenida de Manoteras 50-52
28050 Madrid
Spain


2. Statistical presentation Top
2.1. Data description

Job vacancy statistics (JVS) provide information on the level and structure of labour demand. The country transmits to Eurostat the quarterly data on the number of job vacancies and the number of occupied posts. It also provides the quality report under the JVS framework regulation and the two implementing regulations: the implementing regulation on the definition of a job vacancy, the reference dates for data collection, data transmission specifications and feasibility studies, as well as the implementing regulation on seasonal adjustment procedures and quality reports.

Since 2021, the only source of information for vacancies data is the Quarterly Labour Cost Survey (QLCS). For occupied posts data, sections O and P are completed with administrative data in order to include all employees in these activities. There are of two different social security systems in public administration in Spain:

  1. The first group comes under the Social Security General Scheme and is subject to the general rules of employment law, just like all other employees in other NACE sections included in QLCS. 
  2. The other group comes under the Special Scheme for civil and military public servants. Career civil servants in Central Government, armed forces personnel and justice and Parliament officials come under the State Employee Pension Scheme, whereby the State assures them protection against the risks of old age, disability, death and survival. For healthcare, temporary disability benefits, etc., such employees are covered by public-employee mutual societies. This group is not covered by the Social Security General Scheme and therefore is out of the scope of the QLCS. However, from 1 January 2011, all new civil servants are registered in the General Social Security Scheme being included in the QLCS coverage. The second system is now a closed system with the number of members decreasing as they retire. 

The time series of vacancies has been revised from the data submission of the first quarter of 2021. Revisions have been made for the period from the first quarter of 2013 onwards.
2.2. Classification system

The quarterly data are broken down by economic activity (at section level) in accordance with NACE Rev. 2 - Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community.
2.3. Coverage - sector

All economic activities defined by NACE Rev. 2, except agriculture, forestry and fishing activities (optional in the JVS framework regulation), as well as the activities of households as employers and extraterritorial organisations and bodies.
2.4. Statistical concepts and definitions

A 'job vacancy' is defined as a paid post that is newly created, unoccupied, or about to become vacant:

(a) for which the employer is taking active steps and is prepared to take further steps to find a suitable candidate from outside the enterprise concerned; and

(b) which the employer intends to fill either immediately or within a specific period of time.

 

‘Active steps to find a suitable candidate’ include:

- notifying the job vacancy to the public employment services,

- contacting a private employment agency/head hunters,

- advertising the vacancy in the media (for example internet, newspapers, magazines),

- advertising the vacancy on a public notice board,

- approaching, interviewing or selecting possible candidates/potential recruits directly,

- approaching employees and/or personal contacts,

- using internships.

 

'Specific period of time’ refers to the maximum time the vacancy is open and intended to be filled. That period shall be unlimited; all vacancies for which active steps are continuing on the reference date shall be reported.

 

An 'occupied post’ means a paid post within the organisation to which an employee has been assigned.
2.5. Statistical unit

The unit used  in the Quarterly Labour Cost Survey is the "account of contributions". It is an administrative concept that companies use to pay the social contributions of their employees and usually coincide with the local unit.

For NACE section O and P: contribution account of the General Scheme of the Social Security or ‘ministry or autonomous organization crossed with kind of staff’ for civil servants not in Social Security.
2.6. Statistical population

Enterprises with one and more employees
2.7. Reference area

The geographic area includes the whole national territory (including Canary Island, Balearic Island and Ceuta and Melilla).
2.8. Coverage - Time

Time series classified by NACE Rev. 2 are available from the first quarter of 2009 onwards.
2.9. Base period

Not applicable.


3. Statistical processing Top
3.1. Source data
Identification of the source of the data Until the fourth quarter of 2012 this statistic was produced by the Ministry of Labor and Social Economy from:
  • Short-Term Labour Survey (Encuesta de Coyuntura Laboral - ECL). Quarterly sample survey of locals units.
  • A job vacancy special questionnaire directed at units with economic activity: Public Administration (NACE O)

Since 2013, the sources of information for job vacancies are:

  1. A section about job vacancies included in the Quarterly Labour Cost Survey (QLCS) that is elaborated by the Labour Market Statistics Directorate at National Statistical Institute. This survey is also used to produce the Labour Cost Index sent to Eurostat.
  2. Sections O and P are completed with administrative data in order to include all employees in these activities.
Coverage
- Geographical All the country
- NACE All NACE sections except A, T and U
- Enterprise size 1 or more employees
Definition of the statistical unit
  1. NACE sections B-N and P-S: contribution account of the General Scheme of the Social Security (group of workers of a company with the same characteristic in the payment contribution to Social Security and with economic activity in the same province). Usually it matches up with workplace.
  2. NACE section O and P: contribution account of the General Scheme of the Social Security or ‘ministry or autonomous organization crossed with kind of staff’ for civil servants not in Social Security.
Remarks  
Sampling design
Base used for the sample
  1. The framework used for the selection was the General Register of Accounts of Social Security Contributions, held by the Ministry of Labor and Social Economy.
  2. For civil servants not in Social Security other frame is compiled with the information of a register of the Ministry of Finance and Public Administration for getting information of salaries in the state public sector.
Sampling design
  1. The procedure for random selection of units corresponds to stratified sampling with optimal allocation, in which the sampling units are the accounts.
  2. Sections O and P are completed with administrative data from a register of the Ministry of Finance and Public Administration
Retention/renewal of sampling units Annual renewal or rotation of the sample
In the Quaterly Labour Cost Survey, the total sample is divided into five rotation groups, in such a way that, in the first quarter of every year, the oldest group is replaced, which entails an annual renewal of 20% of the sample. This method guarantees companies that, at most, they will participate in the survey for 5 years.
An exception must be made of the comprehensive units (units with more than 500 workers, and those belonging to strata that are so small that their sample size necessarily coincides with the population size), which due to their comprehensive nature, do not lead to any renewal, and with the exception of closure, must remain in the sample continuously. These units account for 28% of the sample. 
Sample size The sample is composed of around 28.000 units that will be interviewed each quarter.The sample is distributed in three monthly sub-samples such that the first sub-sample is always interviewed in the first month of each quarter, the second sub-sample is interviewed in the second month of each quarter and the third in the last month of each quarter. This way, each unit is interviewed only four times a year instead of every month reducing the burden of the informants and distributing the monthly workload of INE provincial offices.
At the end of the quarter data collected over the 3 months are aggregated to assess both costs and hours per employee and month during the reference quarter .
Stratification 1. The stratification criterion is accomplished attending to three variables: Autonomous Community (17 regions), the economic activity (division level of NACE rev.2, from B to S) and eight size intervals. The size of the unit is the number of employees in it.

The following groups are considered for the stratification:

1.         1-4 employees

2.         5-9 employees

3.         10-19 employees

4.         20-49 employees

5.         50-99 employees

6.         100-199 employees

7.         200-499 employees

8.         500 and more employees

The stratum eighth is treated exhaustively, all units are selected.

Within each of the other strata, the units are selected through systematic sampling with random start.
Other sources
Maintenance agency Not applicable
Updating frequency Not applicable
Rules for clearance (of outdated information) Not applicable
Voluntary/compulsory reporting and sanctions Not applicable
Remarks  
3.2. Frequency of data collection
Reference dates
1. The QLCS is conducted quarterly. The reference period for the information requested in the questionnaire is the last day of the month. However, the reference for the results is the quarter. The sample is distributed among the months of the quarter and the estimates are calculated as the average of the whole quarter.

2. Administrative data for section O and P are monthly and quarterly averages are obtained.
3.3. Data collection
Brief description of the data collection method(s) Remarks
The survey is carried out by postal questionnaire, web questionnaire, etc. The main method used by respondents is the Web-based questionnaire. The enterprise receives a letter the first time that it is interviewed with the username and the password to access to the web site. After that, en it could fill in the questionnaire directly field by field or upload an XML file. There is a minimal validation process to consider the questionnaire sent and the process ended. The following times INE sends an email to the respondent reminding the contacts and the survey to be filled.

There is a free telephone number in the letter to contact with INE where the respondents could ask any doubts and also request an excel questionnaire and an email address to send it.

The sample is composed of around 28.000 units that will be interviewed each quarter.The sample is distributed in three monthly sub-samples during the quarter, such that the first sub-sample is always interviewed in the first month of each quarter, the second sub-sample is interviewed in the second month of each quarter and the third sub-sample in the last month of each quarter. This way, each unit is interviewed for only four times a year instead of every month reducing the burden for the informants and distributing the monthly workload of INE provincial offices. At the end of the quarter data collected over the 3 months are aggregated to assess the results for the reference quarter.

 No remarks
3.4. Data validation

The process of carrying out the statistics has established controls to detect and correct errors in order to ensure quality since the beginning of the process. The collection, recording and validation phases are key
development stages of any statistical research. The collection of questionnaires and the recording thereof are carried out in the provincial offices of the INE .
Before processing the information, a comprehensive control over the data provided by the reporting units is carried out.
The received data are double-inspected:
- A first debugging, is made simultaneously with the recording in the provincial offices to detect incomplete and erroneous questionnaires and ensure the consistency of the recorded data.
- A second control is made in the central office in order to avoid inconsistencies between related variables and time-series combined.
In any case, if something wrong or inconsistent is found, the responsible provincial office contact the informant by phone, to clarify information .
Overall debugging focuses on the following aspects:
- Detect incomplete questionnaires: partial non-response is not allowed.
- Ensure consistency of data: The data must respect the legal limits in terms of working hours, minimum wages, etc.
- Ensure temporal coherence of the main variables: The aim is to identify possible errors in the data by comparing the evolution of the main variables in previous quarters.
3.5. Data compilation
Brief description of the weighting method Weighting dimensions
The estimators used are separate ratio estimators. The auxiliary variable is the number of employees in the Register of Accounts of Social Security Contributions. A detailed description is included in the annex. Region, category size (number of employees) and economic activity


Annexes:
Estimation and weighting method
3.6. Adjustment

No adjustment is made for job vancies data.

See information on seasonal adjustment in point 6.4


4. Quality management Top
4.1. Quality assurance

Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 15 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.

The compilation process of the statistics has established controls for detecting and correcting errors, for the purpose of guaranteeing the quality thereof from the beginning of the process onward. The collection, recording and filtering processes of the information are fundamental stages in the development of any statistical research. The collection of questionnaires and the recording thereof are carried out in the Provincial Delegations of the INE.

 Prior to processing the information, a comprehensive control of the data provided by the respondent units is performed, in order to ensure the validity thereof.

The received data are subject to a dual control:

- A first filtering, simultaneous to the recording, is performed in the provincial delegations, and has the objective of detecting incomplete and erroneous questionnaires, as well as guaranteeing the coherence of the recorded data.

- A second control is carried out in the central services with the purpose of avoiding inconsistencies between related variables. Inconsistencies may arise both between different variables at the same moment of time or in the evolution of a single variable (unexpected changes with respect to recent quarters). Macrofiltering based on already elevated data is also used.

In any case, if any erroneous or inconsistent items of data were detected, the provincial delegation responsible for the questionnaire would establish telephone contact with the respondent in order to clarify the information.

In general terms, the filtering is focused on the following aspects:

- Detecting incomplete questionnaires: partial non-response is not allowed.

- Guaranteeing the coherence of the data: The data must respect the legal limits established with regard to working day, minimum wage, etc. On the other hand, the questionnaire is divided into 5 well-differentiated, but closely inter-related blocks, among which there must be certain coherence.

- Guaranteeing the time coherence of the main study variables. The objective is to detect possible errors in the data, via a comparison of the main variables, with regard to the same variables in prior quarters.
4.2. Quality management - assessment

Optional


5. Relevance Top
5.1. Relevance - User Needs
Description of users and their main needs Remarks
The main users could be classified in the following groups:

 - International Organisations: European Union Institutions, OECD, International Monetary Fund, International Labour Organisation, etc.

 - Public Organisms: different Ministries such as the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Labor, Migration and Social Security, etc.; the National Statistical Institute itself for third units, such as National Accounts; the Bank of Spain; Regional Institutions, etc.

 - Social Institutions such as trade unions, employers’ organisations, political parties,...

 - Research Centres and Universities

 - The media

 Each of these users have different needs depending on the destination and usefulness of the information they need.

  
5.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Extent to which the needs of national users are satisfied (voluntary) Remarks

The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019 and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. Additional surveys are carried out in order to better acknowledge other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...

The user satisfaction survey, which can be consulted on the INE website (see Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date or click next link), includes the evaluation of "labor market" group in which this statistical operation is framed. The survey provide indications of user opinions about this statistical operation.

Users seem to be generally satisfied. Nevertheless, they consider that the survey should have a bigger sample size so as to offer more detailed breakdown of some variables (in particular regions, branch of activity and cost components). 

  
5.3. Completeness
Description of missing variables and missing breakdowns of the variables Report progress on the implementation measures regarding quarterly job vacancies statistics of Regulation (EC) No 453/2008, including :

- a detailed plan and timetable for completing implementation

- a summary of the remaining deviations from EU concepts
There are not missing variables.

There are not breakdowns by occupation or region (this last because of the inclusion of NACE O - Public Administration).

 The statistic conforms to the Regulation (EC) No 453/2008:

-  It gives information about occupied posts and job vacancies of units with 1 or more employees

 - It gives information about all the NACE Rev.2 sections except activities of households as employers, activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies and agriculture, forestry and fishing.

The definitions of the Regulation of occupied post an job vacancy are used.
5.3.1. Data completeness - rate

100%


6. Accuracy and reliability Top
6.1. Accuracy - overall

Optional
6.2. Sampling error

See below.
6.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Coefficient of variation (taking into account the sampling design) or estimated sampling error for the number of job vacancies (see guidelines).
The calculation of the coefficients of variation of key variables is performed in each survey implementation and disseminated in the publication of their results  and the successive quality reports. Most units have responded 0 vacancies so sampling errors are high.

Sampling errors for 2022 are:

2022Q1=5.4%

2022Q2=5.5%

2022Q3=6.0%

2022Q4=6.2%


Annexes:
Sampling errors
6.3. Non-sampling error
Information on variables with non-negligible measurement and processing errors Information on main sources of (non-negligible) measurement and processing errors and, if available, on methods applied for correction Estimation bias: An assessment of the non-sampling errors, in terms of the absolute number of vacant posts,for the total number of job vacancies and, where possible, for aggregation level of NACE Rev. 2 specified in Annex 1 to this Regulation and size classes (1-9, 10 + employees). Remarks
Job vacancies - The job vacancy variable has a great variability. The percentage of questionnaires with job vacancies greater than 0 over the total sample is small. When the number of job vacancies is anomalous in a questionnaire, there are great fluctuations in the evolution of job vacancy estimation.

- The job vacancy question is very complex for the units within NACE  O (Public Administration), because  the number of job vacancies is known for the whole organization and it is difficult to separate them into the differerent units the questionnaires ask for, and because it is difficult to know if 'active steps to find a suitable candidate' have been carried out for not occupied posts.

  Methods applied for correction:

  - Data validation: if there is any mistake or atypical value, the informant is contacted to confirm the validity of the data, its justification and, if necessary, the provision of the figure that would replace the erroneous one.

 - Quality control on the job vacancy variable.

 - Imputation of job vacancy variable in questionnaires with unusual data .

 

 Not available No remarks
6.3.1. Coverage error
Description of any difference between the reference population and the study population Description of classification errors Description of any difference between the reference dates and the reference quarter Any other relevant information
The frame used for selecting the sample in the QLCS is incomplete because it does not include the civil servants not in Social Security. It is necessary to add estimations of occupied posts for sections O and P of NACE Rev.2 using the information of the total number of civil servants not in Social Security given by the Civil Servants Mutualities and the register of the Ministry of Finance and Public Administration for getting information of employees and salaries in the state public sector. There can be errors in NACE and size category owing to the frames used. In the QLCS, the reference period for the information requested in the questionnaire is a month, the last day of the reference month for job vacancies. However, the reference period for the results is the quarter. The sample is distributed among the months of the quarter and the estimates are calculated as the average of the whole quarter.

Administrative data for section O and P are monthly and quarterly averages are obtained.

 No
6.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate

Data collection for 2022 showed that 1.6% in average of the units were inactive or closed . Only 0.4% were erroneously included units. All these units are replaced by others that belong to the same stratum in the next quarter survey. A 1.0% showed no activity during the surveyed month but remain in the sample since they can be units with seasonal activities.
6.3.1.2. Common units - proportion

Optional
6.3.2. Measurement error

[see 6.3 non-sampling error]
6.3.3. Non response error

See next points
6.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Unit response rate
The average non-response for year 2022 has been 12,0%.
6.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate

Item non-response is not allowed by the collect procedure.
6.3.4. Processing error

[see 6.3 non-sampling error]
6.3.4.1. Imputation - rate
Item imputation rate and methods and, where possible, the effect of imputation on the estimates for the variables transmitted

There are two kind of questionnaires imputed in the QLCS (see metadata for LCI). When a questionnaire is imputed, the method used to impute vacancies is  the average data for the same stratum. The average imputation rate for year 2022 has been 5.5%
6.3.5. Model assumption error
If modelling is used, include a description of the models used. Particular emphasis should be given to models for imputation or grossing-up to correct for unit non-response.
Not applicable
6.4. Seasonal adjustment
Brief description of seasonal adjustment procedures, in particular with regard to the European Statistical System guidelines on seasonal adjustment which have been endorsed and supported by the SPC.
The seasonal adjustment of these data has been studied according to standard of INE to correct for seasonal and calendar effects in short-term series that is available in the methods and standards of the INE website section. This standard is the result of the working group of the INE Seasonal adjustment and follows the recommendations of the European Union listed in ESS guidelines on seasonal adjustment.

The method is based on ARIMA models with the intervention of variables using TRAMO SEATS by JDemetra program. The models are fixed and revised each year before sending the first quarter. The parameters are adjusted each quarter. The series without seaonal behavior are not adjusted and the adjusted series are rough series.
The method used to obtain the adjusted series for totals and aggregates is the indirect approach.

Combined  seasonality test show that most of the job vacancies series and some of the occupied posts series do not present identifiable seasonality. Most of these series do not have seasonal part in the arima model set up but the series G-I for job vacancies 1+ and 10+ employees, section J, K for job vacancies 10+ employees and M-N for job vacancies1+ and  10+ employees  and O_Q for occupied posts 10+employees  have seasonal part due to residual seasonality in the oaggregates obtained indirectly.

The overall quality of the modelling [from JD+ diagnostics] for most series are good.


Metadata templates are attached as annexes


Annexes:
Quality report on SA all units
Quality report on SA units with 10 or more employees
6.5. Data revision - policy

Advance notice of major changes in methodology expected to take place during a particular year is given in the annual publication " Programa Anual del Instituto Nacional de Estadística" (in Spanish), which is published in the last quarter of the previous year.

National data on job vacancies are published according with the calendar publication of the QLCS (http://www.ine.es/en/daco/daco41/calen_en.htm) and they are final data.

However, the data sent to Eurostat in t+70 days are provisional data. The introduction of one revision has been necessary because the first calculation of job vacancy data is based on provisional data from the QLCS. The checking, validation and debugging processes have not finished and those questionnaires with "rare responses" pending the confirmation from the enterprises are imputed.

80 days after the reference period the QLCS is published and job vancacy data recalculated with their final data producing the revision of the data. This revision is sent with the provisional data of next quarter. So, there is only one revision for each quarter.
6.6. Data revision - practice
Provide a revision history, including the revisions in the published number of job vacancies and a summary of the reasons for the revisions.
National data on job vacancies are published according with the calendar publication of the QLCS (http://www.ine.es/en/daco/daco41/calen_en.htm) and they are final data.

INE started to produce job vacancies data for the second quarter of 2013. Once the third quarter data were available the data for the first quarter were estimated. There is one revision of the data since the results of the 3rd quarter of 2013

The introduction of one revision has been necessary because the first calculation of Job vacancy data is based on provisional data from the QLCS. The checking, validation and debugging processes have not finished and those questionnaires with "rare responses" pending the confirmation from the enterprises are imputed.

80 days after the reference period the QLCS is published and the Job vacancy data recalculated with their final data producing the revision of the data. This revision is sent with the provisional data of next quarter. So, there is only one revision for each quarter.

Moreover, as mentioned in point 2.1 above, since 2021, the only source of information for vacancies data is the Quarterly Labour Cost Survey (QLCS) and for occupied posts data, sections O and P are completed with administrative data in order to include all employees in these activities. The time series of vacancies sections O and P and BTS, has been revised from the data submission of the first quarter of 2021. Revisions have been made for the period from the first quarter of 2013 onwards.

See annex.

 


Annexes:
Revision history
6.6.1. Data revision - average size

The average size of the revisions for the last four quarters is 0.4%


7. Timeliness and punctuality Top
7.1. Timeliness

See below.
7.1.1. Time lag - first result
Information on the time span between the release of data at national level and the reference period of the data.
Data are published in t + 80 days


Annexes:
Release calendar
7.1.2. Time lag - final result

Optional
7.2. Punctuality

7.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Deadlines for the respondents to reply, also covering recalls and follow-ups Period of the fieldwork Period of data processing Dates of publication of first results Remarks
The units in the sample of the QLCS fill in the whole survey questionnaire once each quarter. This sample is distributed in three monthly sub-samples along  the quarter (S1, S2, S3), in such a way that the first sub-sample (S1) will be interviewed every first month (M1) in each quarter (Q), the second sub-sample (S2) will be interviewed every second month (M2) in each quarter (Q) and the third sub-sample (S3) every last month (M3) in each quarter (Q). This way each sub-sample is interviewed four times per year.

 

Around the 20th of each month, the monthly sub-sample is updated by replacing the closed units detected in the previous quarter. The questionnaires are sent to the respondents during the last week of each month.  Each unit receives a questionnaire once a quarter. The survey is carried out by postal questionnaire, web questionnaire, etc. The main method used by respondents is the Web-based questionnaire. The enterprise receives a letter the first time that it is interviewed with the username and the password to access to the web site and then it could fill in the questionnaire directly field by field or upload the XML file. There is a minimal validation process to consider the questionnaire sent and the process ended. The following times INE sends an email to the respondent reminding the contacts and the survey to be filled. There is a free telephone number in the letter to contact with INE where the respondents could ask all their doubts and also request an excel questionnaire and email address to send it.

 

The informants have a period of 15 days to reply. The province offices are in charge of claiming of the questionnaires, collecting, recording and editing the information continuously along the quarter. The central office receives the monthly data collected  around the 15th of two months later of the reference month. This way,  S1 is collected during M2 and M3 of the quarter Q and sent to the central office around the 15th of M3 of Q; S2 is collected during M3 of quarter Q and M1 of quarter Q+1 and sent to the central office around the 15th  of M1 of Q+1 ; and S3 is collected during M1 and M2 of Q+1 and sent to the central office around the 15th of M2 of Q+1. There is a final sending of delayed questionnaires to the central office around the 30th of M2 of Q+1.

 The period of fieldwork is about three months The period of processing, calculation of the grossing-up factors and final editing of the results goes from the end of M2 of Q+1 until the immediate days before publishing. Provisional national data are sent to Eurostat, 45 days after the end of the reference quarter. Afterwards, the breakdowns by sections of economic activities of NACE Rev.2 are sent to Eurostat,70 days after the end of the reference quarter. The publication of final results of quarter Q, is in the second half of Q+1.

Only results from the QLCS are disseminated.

Complete results about occupied posts for section O (Public Administration) and P (Education), including civil servants not in the General Scheme of the Social Security, are sent only to Eurostat.

  


8. Coherence and comparability Top
8.1. Comparability - geographical
Information on differences between national and European concepts, and — to the extent possible — their effects on the estimation.
At present, the national concepts are adjusted to the European concepts.

Occupied posts from units with civil servants in section O (Public Administration) and section P (Education) not included in the Social Security System are not included in national results.
8.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient

Optional
8.2. Comparability - over time
Information on changes in definitions, coverage and methods in any two consecutive quarters, and their effects on the estimation. Remarks
The main source of information for Job vacancies data has changed since the first quarter of 2013. Although there are not changes in definitions and methods, and the frame of the survey is almost the same, there are slight differences that make a break in the series from the first quarter of this year.  
8.2.1. Length of comparable time series

Optional
8.3. Coherence - cross domain
Comparisons of data on the number of vacant jobs from other relevant sources when available, in total and broken down by NACE at section level when relevant, and reasons if the values differ considerably.
1. The comparison of the number of employees in the LFS with the number of occupied posts in the JVS is based on 2022-averages. Persons in the LFS having two jobs within the scope (employees in NACE rev. 2 sections B to S) are counted twice. Persons having two jobs, where only one is within the scope are counted once.
In the case of Spain, the overall levels are quite well aligned, but sections C, D, H, J, K, N and R show deviations larger than +-20%. These differences can be explained by the differences in surveys, with a different frame, a different sample design, etc. The LFS is a household survey, the person, being interviewed, states the economic activity of the unit where works. However, in the QLCS, the frame (obtained from the Social Security Register) includes the economic activity of the unit and this variable is used as stratification variable.
In the LFS, the status of employee or self-employed is established by the person reporting in the household and in the case of the self-employed working for a single client may be self-classified as an employee. Moreover, in the LFS, the employee can have or not a contract under the Social Security System; but in the QLCS only employees in the legal system are included.

2. Regarding the Beveridge Curve, the data show a nice match of the rates leading to a negative movement along the curve until the break in the JVR (2013Q1). During the following quarters of 2013 there was no clear trend. It seems that  these "strange movements" in the curve were due to the change in the business cycle resulting in a shift in the curve.

The employment has not increased until 2014Q2. From 2014Q4, the curve has turned to a negative slope again until 2019Q4 although the slope is much lower than in the period 2010-2013. The curve has turned again in Q12020 due to the impact of COVID-19. The unemployment rate has increased and the JVS rate has decreased during the year 2020 and until the second quarter of 2021. During the last two quarters of 2021 and the year 2022, the labour market has performed well, with the unemployment rate falling and the vacancy rate rising, bringing the Beveridge curve back to a significant negative slope.


Annexes:
JVS versus LFS data 2022
Beveridge curve for Spain 2022
8.4. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics

Optional
8.5. Coherence - National Accounts

Optional
8.6. Coherence - internal

Optional


9. Accessibility and clarity Top
9.1. Dissemination format - News release

Optional
9.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Dissemination scheme, including to whom the results are sent Periodicity of national publication References for publications of core results, including those with commentary in the form of text, graphs, maps, etc. Information on what results, if any, are sent to reporting units included in the sample
QLCS data are released simultaneously to all interested parties by issuing a press release. At the same time, the data are also sent by fax to subscribers, and are posted on the INE website (http://www.ine.es).

Some users may receive under embargo information as specified in the Code of Practice of the European Statistics.

 Quarterly Users can access to QLCS data via the INE website. Specifically, there are the following links :

- Press Release and Main Results : A summary of the results of the reference quarter .

- Main series from quarter 1Q/2000 : The main series since the start of the survey. For Job vacancies data start at 3Q/2013.

- Quarterly Series from quarter 1Q/2008 : series in NACE- 2.

Publications "on line" contain information form QLCS  as  "Spain in figures ",  "Statistical Yearbook of Spain" , "Monthly Statistical Bulletin", etc. .		 Not applicable
9.3. Dissemination format - online database

Optional
9.3.1. Data tables - consultations

Optional
9.4. Dissemination format - microdata access

Optional
9.5. Dissemination format - other

Optional
9.6. Documentation on methodology

Optional
9.7. Quality management - documentation
Description of and references for metadata provided References for core methodological documents relating to the statistics provided Description of main actions carried out by the national statistical services to inform users about the data Remarks
All the relevant methodological documents and metadata provided are in the ine website. see annex The statistics are prepared in accordance with EU guidelines in order to meet the Code of Practice implemented by Eurostat, following the quality criteria on relevance, accuracy, timeliness and punctuality, accessibility and clarity, comparability, consistency, and completeness (along this report).  


Annexes:
Methodology of QLCS
9.7.1. Metadata completeness - rate

Optional
9.7.2. Metadata - consultations

Optional


10. Cost and Burden Top

Optional


11. Confidentiality Top
11.1. Confidentiality - policy

Regulation 12/1989 of the Public Statistics states that INE can not disseminate, or make available in any way, individual or aggregate data that could lead to the identification of previously unknown information of a person or entity. Moreover, European Regulation 223/2009 on European statistics establishes the need to implement common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of the data used to produce European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the needs of users in a democratic society.
11.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Disclosure rules: Brief description of when data have to be deleted for reasons of confidentiality
The INE takes the necessary logical, physical and administrative provisions for the protection of confidential data from data collection to publication. A legal clause is included in the survey questionnaires informing about the protection of the data collected. During the stages of information processing, information allowing direct identification is only preserved while is strictly necessary to ensure the quality of processes. Direct identification data are not stored together with the own statistics, after the data collection phase. The results to be published are analysed in detail before to prevent that confidential data of the statistical units can be derived. In cases in which  microdata are disseminated, they are always anonymous.

Confidential data is not published. It is aggregated with other confidential or non-confidential cells to produce a non-confidential data aggregate.


12. Comment Top
Special remarks
No remarks


Related metadata Top


Annexes Top