1.1. Contact organisation
Statistical Office in Szczecin, Statistics Poland
1.2. Contact organisation unit
Statistical Office in Szczecin, Statistics Poland
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
Urząd Statystyczny
w Szczecinie
ul. Jana Matejki 22
70-530 Szczecin
Poland
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
3 January 2025
2.2. Metadata last posted
3 January 2025
2.3. Metadata last update
3 January 2025
3.1. Data description
The EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals is an annual survey conducted since 2002. In Poland, it has been conducted since 2004.
In 2024, the survey collects data on the access to information and communication technologies (ICT), on the use of the internet, e-government and e-commerce, internet of things, as well as green ICT.
3.1.1. Survey name in national and English languages
National language: Wykorzystanie technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych w gospodarstwach domowych
English: EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals
Questionnaire(s) in national language(s) and the translation in English are available in the Annexes below.
Annexes:
National questionnaire for households - in Polish
National questionnaire for individuals- in Polish
National questionnaire for households - in English
National questionnaire for individuals- in English
3.2. Classification system
The following common concepts and definitions apply under the Integrated European Social Statistics (IESS):
- the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011 published in the following breakdowns: low (ISCED levels 0-2: no formal education, primary education or lower secondary education), medium (ISCED levels 3-4: upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education) and high (ISCED levels 5-6: tertiary programmes which normally need a successful completion of ISCED 3 or 4, or second-stage tertiary education leading to an advanced research qualification);
- the International Standard Classification for Occupation ISCO-08 at the 2-digit level;
- the Classification of Economic Activities (NACE Rev.2-2008), at section level;
- the Common classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS 1) – finer granularity of NUTS 2 is provided on optional basis by some Member States;
- the SCL – Geographical code list;
- information about household income is provided at lower level of detail.
Additional classifications used in the national questionnaire: No additional classifications
3.3. Coverage - sector
The ICT survey in households and by individuals covers those households having at least one member in the age group 16 to 74 years old. Internet access of households refers to the percentage of households that have an internet access, so that anyone in the household could use the internet.
3.3.1. Differences in scope at national level
There are no differences in scope at a national level.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The survey is collecting data of internet users, individuals who have used the internet in the three months prior to the survey.
This annual survey is used to benchmark ICT-driven developments, both by following developments for core variables over time and by looking in greater depth at other aspects at a specific point in time. While the survey initially concentrated on access and connectivity issues, its scope has subsequently been extended to cover a variety of subjects (for example, the use of internet, e-government, e-commerce, internet of things and green ICT) and socio-economic analysis (such as regional diversity, gender specificity, differences in age, education and the employment situation). The scope of the survey with respect to different technologies is also adapted to cover new product groups and means of delivering communication technologies to end-users.
For more details on the methodology applicable in each survey year, please consult the Compiler's Manual for the respective year.
Deviations from standard ICT concepts: No deviations
3.5. Statistical unit
Households and Individuals
3.6. Statistical population
In the ICT usage survey, the target population for the different statistical units is:
- individuals: all individuals aged 16 to 74;
- households: all (private) households with at least one member aged 16 to 74.
Target population composed of households and/or individuals:
- Number of households: 11 475 634
- Number of individuals: 25 835 485
3.6.1. Non-compulsory age groups
Non-compulsory age groups also included in the target population:
| No | Yes | Age scope | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individuals younger than 16? | X | ||
| Individuals older than 74? | X |
3.6.2. Population not covered by the data collection
| Non-target population (the difference between the total population and the target population) | Households | Individuals |
|---|---|---|
| Approximate number of units outside the general scope of the survey (for example individuals younger than 16 or older than 74; households with all members over 74 years old). | 1 040 825 | 10 785 485 |
| Estimate of the resulting percentage of under-coverage (non-covered population compared to the total country), if applicable |
3.7. Reference area
Entire territory of Poland.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Year 2024
3.9. Base period
Not applicable
Percentages of ‘Households’ and Percentages of ‘Individuals’
For most questions the reference period is the last three months before the interview. Questions in the modules on e-government and eID refer to the 'last year' before the interview.
Deviation from this statement: no deviations
5.1. Survey period
From 02 April 2024 until 29 May 2024
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
The legal basis for the 2024 EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals is the Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 October 2019 establishing a common framework for European statistics relating to persons and households, based on data at individual level collected from samples (OJ L 261 I, 14 October 2019, p. 1), as implemented by the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1484 of 18 July 2023 specifying the technical items of the data set, establishing the technical formats for transmission of information and specifying the detailed arrangements and content of the quality reports on the organisation of a sample survey in the use of information and communication technologies domain for reference year 2024 in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 182, 19 July 2023, pp. 100-149) and Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/1797 of 7 July 2023 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council by specifying the number and titles of the variables for the use of information and communication technologies statistics domain for the reference year 2024 (OJ L 233, 21 September 2023).
Complementary national legislation constituting the legal basis for the survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals: Regulation of the Council of Ministers of 7 December 2023 on the Programme of statistical surveys of official statistics for 2024 (Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 7 grudnia 2023 r. w sprawie Programu badań statystycznych statystyki publicznej na rok 2024)
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Not available
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
The Act of 29 June 1995 on official statistics - Article 10
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
There are no identifiable individual data in the microdata.
8.1. Release calendar
There is a calendar for the statistical outputs on the Statistics Poland website.
8.2. Release calendar access
The calendar is available at: Release calendar
8.3. Release policy - user access
Every year, the date of publication of the news release with data for a given year is set. After this date, result tables with all data are posted on the website, and then the data are also published in publications such as Information society in Poland in 2024 or the Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Poland 2024.
Annual
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
News release with data for 2024:
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Information society in Poland, 2024 publication available at:
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not available
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
At the request of researchers, microdata can be made available to them in the form of unidentified data.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Folder in the form of a leaflet for participants of the next edition of the survey
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Not available
10.6. Documentation on methodology
- Methodological report. Information society indicators
- Handbook for interviewers (not posted online)
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
It is difficult to estimate, but probably above 90%.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
- Methodological Manual
- Methodological book of Information society indicators
11.1. Quality assurance
The survey implements all survey guidelines that are developed by Statistics Poland.
Every year, training for interviewers is carried out before each edition of the survey. In addition, during each edition opinions are collected from respondents and interviewers and are carefully analysed after the survey.
Every year, indicators concerning the completeness of the survey or non-responses are also analysed.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
There were no significant problems and all works were conducted at the highest level.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
- Public administration,
- Nationwide and local media,
- Enterprises,
- Eurostat and other foreign statistical institutions,
- Associations, organizations, foundations,
- Institutions of the higher education and science system (research workers, academic teachers, students, PhD students)
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Every year, data recipients may submit their comments on the scope of collected data and propose what should be changed or introduced to the survey.
12.3. Completeness
All variables required for transmission have been included in the microdata.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
100%
13.1. Accuracy - overall
As random errors are unavoidable, Statistics Poland tries to minimize them by increasing sample size – trying to convince respondents to take part in the survey by informing them about significance of the survey, offering possibility of self-enumeration, and including a reserve sample for the main sample to increase the number of surveyed households and individuals.
The main source of systematic errors are faults in the design of a questionnaire, respondents who do not understand questions in a questionnaire and mistakes done by interviewers. In order to minimize these errors, questionnaires are reviewed and additional explanations and examples are included and interviewers undergo a training before the survey begins. Moreover, validation rules implemented in application help detect mistakes.
13.2. Sampling error
The sampling error reflects the fact that only a particular sample was surveyed rather than the entire population. It is estimated by the standard error and can be expressed by the square root of the estimate of the sampling variance . The estimation of the sampling variance should ideally take into account the sampling design (e.g. the stratification).
Calculation methods for the variance estimation (SE): Taylor linearisation method was used to compile survey results. It belongs to approximate analytical methods for calculating variance estimation.
Used tools: self-crafted tool (Taylor linearization).
Basic formula of estimation method is annexed below.
References: SAS/STAT® 14.2 User’s Guide The SURVEYMEANS Procedure
Czeslaw Bracha „Teoretyczne podstawy metody reprezentacyjnej” PWN 1996.
Annexes:
Sampling error
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Precision estimates for the question "Individuals having ordered goods or services for private use over the internet in the last 12 months" (individuals who ticked 'Within the last 3 months' or 'Between 3 months and a year ago' in in the question “When did you last buy or order goods or services for private use over the internet?”):
Number of respondents (absolute value for ‘Yes’ answers): 6367
Estimated proportion (in %): 67.41
Standard error (in percentage points): 0.79
Details of the breakdowns are available in document Standard errors – Mandatory and Optional questions_PL – 2024in the Annexes below.
13.3. Non-sampling error
See more details on non-sampling error below.
13.3.1. Coverage error
The survey frame is composed of two subsamples – one newly drawn for the survey and the second one which took part in the previous year. In the case of continuing sample - overcoverage rate is rather small – does not exceed 5%. For example, in 2024 the number of dwellings without any person aged 16-74 amounted to 853 out of total of 9901 dwellings. In order to mitigate coverage error, wrong addresses are removed from a continuing sample and replaced with new ones.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
About 8%
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not requested in the ICT survey.
13.3.2. Measurement error
- Measurement errors: Measurement errors mainly apply to respondent errors and interviewer errors. In order to avoid them, explanations in the questionnaire and handbook for interviewers are more accurate and training for interviewers is conducted.
- Questionnaire design and testing: An application for interviewers and on-line application for respondents are tested by interviewers and coordinators before the survey begins.
- Interviewer training: Before the survey begins, interviewers receive a handbook which includes all relevant information for the survey – clarification of questions from the questionnaires and applicable procedures. Moreover, training for interviewers and coordinators is conducted.
- Proxy interview rates: Proxy interviews are not conducted. Every member of a household aged 16-74 has to give answers on his/her own.
13.3.3. Non response error
Information about non-respondents: data is not available.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
The unit non-response rate is the ratio of the number of in-scope non-respondents (= number of rejected interviews) to the number of eligible elements selected from the sampling frame.
Unit non-response rate for
- Households: 28.3%
- Individuals (aged 16-74): 16.2%
13.3.3.1.1. Unit non-response – sample sizes
| Number of households | Number of individuals (aged 16-74) |
Number of individuals (< 16) |
Number of individuals (> 74) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross sample [A]The number of households/individuals initially selected from the sampling frame (if not applicable, indicate why below the table) | 9901 | 15 054 | ||
| Ineligible: out-of-scope [B] For example, when a selected household is not in the target population because all members are over 75 years old or when no dwelling exists at the selected address, or a selected individual has died between the reference data of the sampling frame at the moment of the interview. | 853 | 2935 | ||
| Number of eligible elements [C]Gross sample size corrected of the ineligible cases | 9048 | 12 119 | ||
| Net sample size or final sample [D]The net sample size (or final sample) corresponds to the number of households/individuals that can be used in the final database. | 6490 | 10 153 | ||
| Unit response rate [E] = [D] / [C]The unit response rate is the ratio of the number of in-scope respondents (= the number of achieved interviews or the net sample size) to the number of eligible elements selected from the sampling frame. | 71.7% | 83.8% |
Comments, if any: no additional comments
13.3.3.1.2. Unit non-response – methods, minimization and substitution
Methods used for dealing with unit non-response:
The correction of weights used in the grossing up procedure was applied in order to reduce the influence of unit non-response.
For households, correction of weights was performed taking into account unit non-response in each of 6 locality size classes. Furthermore, an ex post calibration was applied, using information on the structure of households by size (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 and more persons) with members aged 16-74 and information on population structure by sex and age groups living in urban or rural area (total of 24 classes) from the 2021 National Census in Poland.
For individuals, the correction was applied taking into account the 6 locality classes (urban/rural), sex, age groups – total of 24 classes.
Methods used for minimizing unit non-response:
Letters stating the purpose, importance and confidentiality rules of the survey were sent prior to the visits of interviewers in order to encourage respondents to participate in the survey. Respondents were also informed about the purpose and importance of the data collection personally by interviewers. They received a leaflet presenting some results of survey conducted in the previous year.
In some regions, local newspapers published an article informing about the survey, giving some general information about the scope of the survey and informing that the interviewers of Statistical Offices will be visiting some households.
In case of no contact with the household, the interviewer makes maximum of 3 visits at the selected address. In case of some household members’ absence, interviewers visited the households another time in order to complete the missing interviews. If more convenient, the questionnaires for individuals might have been left to the respondents for filling in by themselves. Then the filled-in forms were gathered by the interviewer on a prearranged day.
Even in cases when the questionnaires were left to fill in by respondents themselves, they were checked carefully and completed by interviewers during the second visit in the household.
Furthermore, interviewers were prepared to help respondents in proper classification of the types of Internet connections used in their homes, which contributed to reduce the number of refusals (as item non-response were not allowed by CAPI system).
The panel half sample was checked on the basis of the previous survey results and wrong addresses (non-residential, summer cottages, abandoned buildings, etc.) were eliminated from the sample and replaced by newly selected ones from the same Census Enumeration Areas (CEA).
In addition, in case of no contact with the household or interview not conducted because of other reasons, there was a possibility to go to another address from an additional sample. The additional replacing address used was from the same Census Enumeration Areas (CEA) as the targeted address.
Substitution permitted: no
Substitution rate (in %): 0
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Items with low response rates (observed rates in %): Household’s income (35.8%)
13.3.4. Processing error
Processing errors do not have a significant impact on final data processing results. In order to avoid them validation control in an application for interviewers and on-line application for respondents was implemented as well as logical and arithmetic control, and correction of datasets on a voivodship and national level.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable
14.1. Timeliness
Date of data dissemination at national level: 21 October 2024
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Restricted from publication
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Restricted from publication
14.2. Punctuality
0 days
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
0 days
15.1. Comparability - geographical
There is no problem of comparability across the country’s regions.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not relevant
15.2. Comparability - over time
Possible limitations in the use of data for comparisons over time: Not relevant
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
The length of comparable time series depends on the module and variable considered within each of the modules of the survey.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable
15.4. Coherence - internal
All statistics are coherent within the dataset provided by the country.
15.4.1. Survey questionnaire – mandatory questions
MANDATORY questions in the Eurostat model questionnaire 2024:
Table 15.4.1. of document Standard errors – Mandatory and Optional questions_PL – 2024 in the Annexes lists the questions for which the coverage of subjects and characteristics reflected in the national questionnaire differs from Annex 2 of the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/1797 of 7 July 2023.
15.4.2. Survey questionnaire – optional questions
Adoption of OPTIONAL questions and items in the Eurostat model questionnaire 2024:
Table 15.4.2. of document Standard errors – Mandatory and Optional questions_PL – 2024 in the Annexes lists the optional questions from the annual Eurostat model questionnaire 2024 included in the national questionnaire and their coverage for age groups beyond the standard scope.
15.4.3. Survey questionnaire – additional questions at national level
Additional questions introduced in the national questionnaire in 2024:
Details of the questions are in document Standard errors – Mandatory and Optional questions_PL – 2024 available in the Annexes below.
15.4.4. Survey questionnaire – deviations
Effects of deviations from the routing used in the Eurostat model questionnaire: All statistics are coherent within the dataset.
Restricted from publication
17.1. Data revision - policy
Preliminary data are not available.
17.2. Data revision - practice
There are no revisions to report.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not relevant
18.1. Source data
The source of the raw data is described with more details in the paragraphs below.
18.1.1. Sampling frame
The basis for sampling was the Sampling Frame for Social Surveys (OBS) which includes (among others) information about:
- Census Enumeration Areas (CEA),
- dwelling addresses.
The first stage sampling frame was a record of about 29 thousand PSUs (Primary Sampling Units). They are single CEAs or sets of CEAs consisting of at least 250 dwellings for urban area and 150 dwellings for rural area.
The second stage sampling frame was based on the register of inhabited dwellings in the PSUs drawn in the first stage.
Different frames are used for grossing up.
RDD is not used.
The sample is not drawn from another survey sample, a micro-census or a master sample.
The survey is stand-alone survey.
The survey is voluntary.
The sampling frame does not cover collective accommodation establishments such as student dormitories, employee hostels, social welfare homes, convents, hospitals, barracks, prisons, etc.
A time lag between the last update of the sampling frame and the moment of the actual survey is about 1 year.
18.1.2. Sampling design
The sampling design is a probability design.
Number of sampling stages: 2
Stratification at the first stage is explicit. Stratification variables include NUTS 2 (16 voivodships) and a size of locality.
In 2024, square-root allocation for allocating the sample among voivodships was used for the first time in order to improve precision for smaller voivodships.
First stage - unit: PSUs are Census Enumeration Areas or sets of them which consist of at least 250 dwellings for urban area and 150 dwellings for rural area.
Second stage - unit: dwellings
Ultimate stage - unit: dwellings
Number of individuals interviewed in the household: all individuals aged 16-74
Longitudinal component: Each half of the sample participated in the survey for 2 consecutive years, e.g. the sample drawn in 2023 participates in the survey in the years 2024 and 2025.
18.1.3. Net effective sample size
Restricted from publication
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annual
18.3. Data collection
Methods used to gather data: CAWI/CAII and CAPI/CATI.
Short description of the survey method:
- The survey was conducted with the use of an on-line form (CAWI/CAII) and by interviewers as personal interviews (CAPI) or computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI).
- First 2 weeks were dedicated only for CAWI/CAII method, next 6 weeks for CAPI/CATI method.
- The share of individuals who completed a questionnaire via CAII method amounted to 4%, while via CAPI/CATI - 96%.
Variables completed from an external source: No variables were completed from an external source.
18.4. Data validation
After completion of the fieldwork by the interviewers, the correctness of the collections is checked in two stages - first at the provincial level, and then - nationwide.
During the inspection, inspectors and local coordinators explain with interviewers unclear situations or errors in data registration. All discretionary errors that remain in the set must be analyzed by interviewers and approved by voivodship coordinators. Then, after the information is sent to the Statistical Office in Szczecin on the approval of the collections of individual provinces, the correctness and completeness of the collections are checked at the national level.
18.5. Data compilation
Imputation for item non-response concerns mainly data on the income of a household as well as some cases regarding expenditures on goods or services bought over the Internet, occupation and economic sector.
Hot-deck within classes method is used. Imputed value is drawn from a donor belonging to the same imputation class. Imputation classes are defined with hierarchical criteria. Qualitative features, on the basis of which classes are determined, are enumerated from the most important to least important. If there are not enough donors in lower level, a higher level class is used (till a minimal number of donors is reached). The minimal size of a class is 3 donors.
For a variable 'income of a household' the following criteria were used to create imputation classes:
- number of persons in a household (4 levels of detail);
- class of locality;
- voivodship.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
For the target indicator "Individuals having ordered goods or services for private use over the internet in the last 12 months" (individuals who ticked 'Within the last 3 months' or 'Between 3 months and a year ago' in the question “When did you last buy or order goods or services for private use over the internet?”:
Imputation rate (% of observations): 0
Imputation rate (share of estimate): 0
18.5.2. Use of imputation methods
Methods used to impute item non-response: hot-deck within classes
18.5.3. Grossing-up procedures
Grossing up procedures have been applied to Individuals and/or Households: Individuals and households
Description of the weighting procedures: See the document 'Description of the weighting procedures' annexed below.
Annexes:
Description of the weighting procedures
18.6. Adjustment
Not relevant
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not relevant
No further comments.
The EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals is an annual survey conducted since 2002. In Poland, it has been conducted since 2004.
In 2024, the survey collects data on the access to information and communication technologies (ICT), on the use of the internet, e-government and e-commerce, internet of things, as well as green ICT.
3 January 2025
The survey is collecting data of internet users, individuals who have used the internet in the three months prior to the survey.
This annual survey is used to benchmark ICT-driven developments, both by following developments for core variables over time and by looking in greater depth at other aspects at a specific point in time. While the survey initially concentrated on access and connectivity issues, its scope has subsequently been extended to cover a variety of subjects (for example, the use of internet, e-government, e-commerce, internet of things and green ICT) and socio-economic analysis (such as regional diversity, gender specificity, differences in age, education and the employment situation). The scope of the survey with respect to different technologies is also adapted to cover new product groups and means of delivering communication technologies to end-users.
For more details on the methodology applicable in each survey year, please consult the Compiler's Manual for the respective year.
Deviations from standard ICT concepts: No deviations
Households and Individuals
In the ICT usage survey, the target population for the different statistical units is:
- individuals: all individuals aged 16 to 74;
- households: all (private) households with at least one member aged 16 to 74.
Target population composed of households and/or individuals:
- Number of households: 11 475 634
- Number of individuals: 25 835 485
Entire territory of Poland.
For most questions the reference period is the last three months before the interview. Questions in the modules on e-government and eID refer to the 'last year' before the interview.
Deviation from this statement: no deviations
As random errors are unavoidable, Statistics Poland tries to minimize them by increasing sample size – trying to convince respondents to take part in the survey by informing them about significance of the survey, offering possibility of self-enumeration, and including a reserve sample for the main sample to increase the number of surveyed households and individuals.
The main source of systematic errors are faults in the design of a questionnaire, respondents who do not understand questions in a questionnaire and mistakes done by interviewers. In order to minimize these errors, questionnaires are reviewed and additional explanations and examples are included and interviewers undergo a training before the survey begins. Moreover, validation rules implemented in application help detect mistakes.
Percentages of ‘Households’ and Percentages of ‘Individuals’
Imputation for item non-response concerns mainly data on the income of a household as well as some cases regarding expenditures on goods or services bought over the Internet, occupation and economic sector.
Hot-deck within classes method is used. Imputed value is drawn from a donor belonging to the same imputation class. Imputation classes are defined with hierarchical criteria. Qualitative features, on the basis of which classes are determined, are enumerated from the most important to least important. If there are not enough donors in lower level, a higher level class is used (till a minimal number of donors is reached). The minimal size of a class is 3 donors.
For a variable 'income of a household' the following criteria were used to create imputation classes:
- number of persons in a household (4 levels of detail);
- class of locality;
- voivodship.
The source of the raw data is described with more details in the paragraphs below.
Annual
Date of data dissemination at national level: 21 October 2024
There is no problem of comparability across the country’s regions.
Possible limitations in the use of data for comparisons over time: Not relevant
