1.1. Contact organisation
National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (Institut National des Statistiques et des Etudes Economiques (Insee))
1.2. Contact organisation unit
Division Conditions de vie des ménages - Timbre F340
1.3. Contact name
Restricted from publication1.4. Contact person function
Restricted from publication1.5. Contact mail address
88 avenue Verdier CS 70058
92541 Montrouge Cedex
1.6. Contact email address
Restricted from publication1.7. Contact phone number
Restricted from publication1.8. Contact fax number
Restricted from publication2.1. Metadata last certified
2 January 20252.2. Metadata last posted
2 January 20252.3. Metadata last update
2 January 20253.1. Data description
The EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals is an annual survey conducted since 2002. In France, it has been conducted since 2005.
In 2024, the survey collects data on the access to information and communication technologies (ICT), on the use of the internet, e-government and e-commerce, internet of things, as well as green ICT.
3.1.1. Survey name in national and English languages
National language: (French) Enquête sur les Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication auprès des ménages
English: EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals
Questionnaire(s) in national language(s) and the translation in English are available in the Annexes below.
3.2. Classification system
The following common concepts and definitions apply under the Integrated European Social Statistics (IESS):
- the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011 published in the following breakdowns: low (ISCED levels 0-2: no formal education, primary education or lower secondary education), medium (ISCED levels 3-4: upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education) and high (ISCED levels 5-6: tertiary programmes which normally need a successful completion of ISCED 3 or 4, or second-stage tertiary education leading to an advanced research qualification);
- the International Standard Classification for Occupation ISCO-08 at the 2-digit level;
- the Classification of Economic Activities (NACE Rev.2-2008), at section level;
- the Common classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS 1) – finer granularity of NUTS 2 is provided on optional basis by some Member States;
- the SCL – Geographical code list;
- information about household income is provided at lower level of detail.
Additional classifications used in the national questionnaire: No other national classification has been used in the survey.
3.3. Coverage - sector
The ICT survey in households and by individuals covers those households having at least one member in the age group 16 to 74 years old. Internet access of households refers to the percentage of households that have an internet access, so that anyone in the household could use the internet.
3.3.1. Differences in scope at national level
The French ICT survey in households and by individuals covers a larger scope : those households having at least one member in an age of over 14 years.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The survey is collecting data of internet users, individuals who have used the internet in the three months prior to the survey.
This annual survey is used to benchmark ICT-driven developments, both by following developments for core variables over time and by looking in greater depth at other aspects at a specific point in time. While the survey initially concentrated on access and connectivity issues, its scope has subsequently been extended to cover a variety of subjects (for example, the use of internet, e-government, e-commerce, internet of things and green ICT) and socio-economic analysis (such as regional diversity, gender specificity, differences in age, education and the employment situation). The scope of the survey with respect to different technologies is also adapted to cover new product groups and means of delivering communication technologies to end-users.
For more details on the methodology applicable in each survey year, please consult the Compiler's Manual for the respective year.
Deviations from standard ICT concepts: No deviation observed.
3.5. Statistical unit
Households and Individuals
3.6. Statistical population
In the ICT usage survey, the target population for the different statistical units is:
- individuals: all individuals aged 16 to 74;
- households: all (private) households with at least one member aged 16 to 74.
Target population composed of households and/or individuals:
- Number of households: 26 500 000
- Number of individuals: 47 900 000
A large part of the population not included in the Eurostat target is nevertheless surveyed in France.
3.6.1. Non-compulsory age groups
Non-compulsory age groups also included in the target population:
| No | Yes | Age scope | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individuals younger than 16? | X | 15 years old | |
| Individuals older than 74? | X | 75 years old and more |
3.6.2. Population not covered by the data collection
| Non-target population (the difference between the total population and the target population) |
Households | Individuals |
|---|---|---|
| Approximate number of units outside the general scope of the survey (for example individuals younger than 16 or older than 74; households with all members over 74 years old). | 5 060 000 | 19830000 |
| Estimate of the resulting percentage of under-coverage (non-covered population compared to the total country), if applicable | 16.0 % | 29.3% |
3.7. Reference area
France (all territory excluding Mayotte)
3.8. Coverage - Time
Year 2024
3.9. Base period
Not applicable
Percentages of ‘Households’ and Percentages of ‘Individuals’
For most questions the reference period is the last three months before the interview. Questions in the modules on e-government refer to the 'last year' before the interview.
Deviation from this statement: NO DEVIATION
5.1. Survey period
From 25th March 2024 to 21st June 2024.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
The legal basis for the 2024 EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals is the Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 October 2019 establishing a common framework for European statistics relating to persons and households, based on data at individual level collected from samples (OJ L 261 I, 14 October 2019, p. 1), as implemented by the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1484 of 18 July 2023 specifying the technical items of the data set, establishing the technical formats for transmission of information and specifying the detailed arrangements and content of the quality reports on the organisation of a sample survey in the use of information and communication technologies domain for reference year 2024 in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 182, 19 July 2023, pp. 100-149) and Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/1797 of 7 July 2023 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council by specifying the number and titles of the variables for the use of information and communication technologies statistics domain for the reference year 2024 (OJ L 233, 21 September 2023).
Complementary national legislation constituting the legal basis for the survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals: No complementary national legislation
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
The Law for a Digital Republic, promulgated in France on 7 October 2016, promotes open access to public data. Most of its measures concern all administrations, but some of them are more particularly the responsibility of the activities of INSEE and the Official Statistical Service. The measures fall into three categories: dissemination obligations, free reuse of data and measures promoting the exercise of official statistics.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
The French National Commission for Computing and Liberties (CNIL) was created by the Data Protection Act of 6 January 1978. It is responsible for ensuring the protection of personal data contained in computer or paper files and processing, both public and private.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
An identified and very limited number of agents of the INSEE have access to the data that identify a person. These are only used for the proper organization of data collection and certain statistical processing. They are then deleted from the databases, so that it is impossible to find an individual in the data tables made available. A detailed archiving procedure makes it possible to control the data made available.
8.1. Release calendar
Data are to be delivered to Eurostat in the fourth quarter of the reference year (due date for the finalised dataset is 5 October). European results are released before the end of the survey year or in the beginning of the year following the survey year.
First national results were disseminated on November 2024.
8.2. Release calendar access
There is no official release calendar on the Insee website.
However, the dissemination was announced one week before.
8.3. Release policy - user access
All users are informed of the dissemination of data by an update of ICT survey page on the Insee website on the INSEE website. It provides the link to the publications and to the site which data available to researchers (Quetelet network).
Annual
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
The publication of the survey results is the subject of messages on X (ex Twitter) and on Instagram posted by the Insee.
The various publications were also released to the press and on the Insee mobile application.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
First national results were disseminated in November 2024.
Dissemination of results may be found on Insee's website using searching tools.
Two examples of studies published this year:
- on digital practices transformed by the health crisis (French / English)
- on the perceived negative effects of screens, based on a French-initiated module incorporated into ICT 2023 (French / English)
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
Results for selected variables collected in the framework of this survey are available for all participating countries on Comprehensive database - Digital economy and society - Eurostat.
National data is available since 2024 fourth quarter.
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Number of consultations of data tables not available
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
National micro-data will be available (first quarter 2025) for researchers on the Quetelet network (in French only).
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Not requested.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Number of consultations not available.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
The main methodological documents of the survey can be found on the INSEE website (reference metadata, summary documents, etc.). The rest of the documentation (dictionary of variables ...) can be found on the Quetelet network (in French only).
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
100 %
10.7. Quality management - documentation
The INSEE quality unit monitors procedures to improve the quality of statistical processes. Its methods are published on the INSEE website.
11.1. Quality assurance
Eurostat provides guidelines and standards for the implementation of the surveys in the Member States. It is updated every year according to the changed contents of the model questionnaires. To ensure quality of data, Eurostat implement also wide range of validation procedures to check the quality of data received.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
At the national level, several institutions (CNIS, Official Statistics Label Committee, etc.) and departments of Insee (quality unit, etc.) ensure that the survey is carried out properly and that it is compliant with the principles of the European Statistics Code of Practice. The use of the annual Eurostat model questionnaire aims at improving comparability of the results among the countries that conduct the ICT survey. Validation procedures, estimation of missing statistical data and quality reporting are in place. The creation of an official calendar of ICT publications could be beneficial, although the deadlines that have informally existed since the creation of the survey are scrupulously respected each year.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
At European level, European Commission users (e.g. DG CNECT, DG JUST...) are the principal users of the data on ICT survey in households and by individuals.
At national level, users include also policy makers in ICT ministries, researchers, students and interested citizens.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
The Insee does not conduct user satisfaction surveys on the ICT survey on households and by individuals per se. Instead the users satisfaction is monitored on a constant way through informal and formal contacts and communications with users and through requests and comments received by users.
12.3. Completeness
All of the variables required for transmission have been included in the microdata.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
100 %
13.1. Accuracy - overall
There is no problem of accuracy.
13.2. Sampling error
The method used is the variance formula for simple random sampling. The sampling plan is equivalent to a simple random sampling, with an overweighting of the strata in which the response rate is the lowest. Simplifying to a simple random sampling suits the situation.
This method is a correct proxy for households. However, due to the sampling step by an individual Kish, this estimate is less appropriate for individuals.
Estimation method(s) for the random variation of an estimator due to sampling: Analytic method
Sampling error – estimation method – basic formula: Sqrt(p*(1-p)/N)
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Precision estimates for the question "Individuals having ordered goods or services for private use over the internet in the last 12 months" (individuals who ticked 'Within the last 3 months' or 'Between 3 months and a year ago' in in the question “When did you last buy or order goods or services for private use over the internet?”):
Number of respondents (absolute value for ‘Yes’ answers): 10 982
Estimated proportion (in %): 80.3
Standard error (in percentage points): 0.41
Details of the breakdowns are available in document “Standard errors – Mandatory – Optional questions_FR – 2024" in the Annexes below.
13.3. Non-sampling error
See more details on non-sampling error below.
13.3.1. Coverage error
Over-coverage is treated after data collection: if a unit is out of scope (because the respondent is 15 years old or more than 75 years old), it is excluded from the data transmitted to Eurostat.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
0 %
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not requested in the ICT survey.
13.3.2. Measurement error
1) Measurement errors:
There is a mode bias in CAWI/PAPI survey: when the collection mode is self-administered, households tend to select the person who uses the Internet the most, even if it is not the person designated by the selection instruction.
That bias is measured thanks to the “methodological sample” (households with a telephone number which are nevertheless interviewed with CAWI/PAPI survey). The comparison of their responses with the responses in CATI survey enables to control for the bias due to the mode effect (the CAWI/PAPI survey over-estimates the rate of equipment and the use of Internet). INSEE correct it in an additional calibration step, to reduce the use of Internet.
In 2024, CATI surveys from the last three years are ‘stacked’ to analyse comparisons.
2) Questionnaire design and testing:
In the CAWI questionnaire, filters and controls are integrated in order to reduce the interviewee's comprehension difficulties as much as possible. In the PAPI questionnaire, the passages from one question to another are written in accordance with best cognitive practices, in order to guide the user. Several people at the Insee test the questionnaire to make sure the questions are worded correctly and the redirects are working.
3) Interviewer training:
Interviewers are engaged for the CATI survey. They are trained in the content of the questionnaire, in how to understand the questions, in the instructions they can give to the respondents and in the use of collection tools. Summary documents are made available to them to help them during collection.
4) Proxy interview rates:
0% : proxy is not allowed
13.3.3. Non response error
Information about non-respondents:
Thanks to the survey database, we have information on the characteristics of non-respondents. The non-response is more often due to people with less qualifications, unemployed or inactive.
The treatment of non-response slightly lowers the rate of Internet equipment (from 93.7% to 92.8 % in the PAPI/CAWI survey and from 92.3 % to 91.9% in the CATI survey)
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
The unit non-response rate is the ratio of the number of in-scope non-respondents (= number of rejected interviews) to the number of eligible elements selected from the sampling frame.
Unit non-response rate for
- Households: 36.3%
- Individuals (aged 16-74): 36.8%
13.3.3.1.1. Unit non-response – sample sizes
| Number of households | Number of individuals (aged 16-74) |
Number of individuals (< 16) |
Number of individuals (> 74) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross sample [A] The number of households/individuals initially selected from the sampling frame (if not applicable, indicate why below the table) |
31 986 | |||
| Ineligible: out-of-scope [B] For example, when a selected household is not in the target population because all members are over 75 years old or when no dwelling exists at the selected address, or a selected individual has died between the reference data of the sampling frame at the moment of the interview. |
8 015 | |||
| Number of eligible elements [C] Gross sample size corrected of the ineligible cases |
23 971 | |||
| Net sample size or final sample [D] The net sample size (or final sample) corresponds to the number of households/individuals that can be used in the final database. |
15 281 | 14 731 | 50 | 500 |
| Unit response rate [E] = [D] / [C] The unit response rate is the ratio of the number of in-scope respondents (= the number of achieved interviews or the net sample size) to the number of eligible elements selected from the sampling frame. |
63.7 |
Comments :
It is not possible to separate households from individuals until stage D.
In fact, in order to separate, a response must have been received and it must be possible to analyse whether or not the respondent is in scope.
The unit response rate cannot be calculated cleanly because we identified a posteriori the number of potentially in-scope individuals within the in-scope households.
In some cases, the respondent's random draw fell on an individual 15 years old or over 74 years old. The household was then eligible but the individual was not. Individuals aged 15 or over 75 are still included in the French survey.
In the end, data were transmitted only for eligible individuals (between 16 and 74 years old) and their households.
13.3.3.1.2. Unit non-response – methods, minimization and substitution
1) Methods used for dealing with unit non-response: Correction factor in the weighting procedure (using age, number of persons in the household and income of the household present in sampling frame)
2) Methods used for minimizing unit non-response:
For telephone interview:
- Advance notification with a letter
- Arguments were given in the interviewers’ instructions
- If the household refuses to respond to the survey, a letter was sent, reminding that answering is important and compulsory
- At the end of the telephone survey period, a new letter was sent with the paper questionnaire to people non-contacted (absent for a long time, …)
For Internet and paper survey:
- Arguments were given in a letter to respond to the survey by internet
- If the household does not respond to the survey by internet, a letter was sent, with the paper questionnaire, reminding that answering is important and compulsory
- If the household does not respond to the survey by internet or paper, a new letter was sent, reminding that answer is important and compulsory
3) Substitution permitted: No
4) Substitution rate (in %): Not relevant
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Items with low response rates (observed rates in %):
No item with a response rate of less than 90%.
13.3.4. Processing error
Not processing errors detected
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable
14.1. Timeliness
Date of data dissemination at national level: 26 November 2024
As announced in last year's metadata report, efforts have been made to publish initial results in the year of collection.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Restricted from publication14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Restricted from publication14.2. Punctuality
0 day between the actual delivery of the data to Eurostat and the target date when it should have been delivered.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
0 day between the actual delivery of the data to Eurostat and the target date when it should have been delivered. 100 % of release delivered on time.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
There is no problem of comparability between regions of France. The adoption of a common questionnaire elaborated under the auspices of Eurostat ensures the comparability between the countries that conduct the survey.
However, the survey is nationally representative and sub-samples in some regions may be small.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not relevant
15.2. Comparability - over time
Possible limitations in the use of data for comparisons over time:
The part of the questionnaire relating to employment status has been substantially updated for the 2024 survey.
These methodological modifications mainly impact the classification of employment status and therefore the number of people in the labour force, the non-working population and the retired population.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
The length of comparable time series depends on the module and variable considered within each of the modules of the survey.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable
15.4. Coherence - internal
All statistics are coherent within the dataset provided by the country.
15.4.1. Survey questionnaire – mandatory questions
MANDATORY questions in the Eurostat model questionnaire 2024:
Table 15.4.1. of document “Standard errors – Mandatory – Optional questions_FR – 2024" in the Annexes lists the questions for which the coverage of subjects and characteristics reflected in the national questionnaire differs from Annex 2 of the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/1797 of 7 July 2023.
15.4.2. Survey questionnaire – optional questions
Adoption of OPTIONAL questions and items in the Eurostat model questionnaire 2024:
Table 15.4.2. of document “Standard errors – Mandatory – Optional questions_FR – 2024" in the Annexes lists the optional questions from the annual Eurostat model questionnaire 2023 included in the national questionnaire and their coverage for age groups beyond the standard scope.
15.4.3. Survey questionnaire – additional questions at national level
Additional questions in the national questionnaire in 2024:
In Module A : 2 questions about type of Internet connection and reasons why very high-speed broadband is not installed.
In Module B : 2 questions about e-skills formation and level of skills.
In Module C : 3 questions on the difficulties encountered with the e-government.
In a specific French module X : 6 questions about digital equipment.
In a specific French module Y : 3 questions about screen exposure
In a specific French module Z : 4 questions about teleconsultations.
Details of the questions are in document "Standard erors - Mandatory - Optional questions_FR - 2024" available in the Annexes below.
15.4.4. Survey questionnaire – deviations
Effects of deviations from the routing used in the Eurostat model questionnaire: All statistics are coherent within the dataset
17.1. Data revision - policy
There is no revision of data planned for this survey.
17.2. Data revision - practice
No revision to report.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not relevant
18.1. Source data
The source of the raw data is described with more details in the paragraphs below.
18.1.1. Sampling frame
The database for phone survey and internet/paper survey is Fidéli, the Housing and individual demographic files, which contains among others the local residence tax database.
The database covers all the population. The source Fidéli presents itself as a rational assembly of administrative data, and is designed to meet demographic statistics purposes.
Addresses are selected in Fidéli for metropolitan France and 4 overseas departments (Guyana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion island), with equal probabilities.
The only shortcoming is timeliness: last update is January 2022 for 2024 survey.
The survey is a stand-alone survey and is mandatory.
18.1.2. Sampling design
The sampling design is a probability design. There are 2 sampling stages.
First stage – Stratification:
There is only one explicit stratification in the first stage, allowing a distinction to be made between the various DROMs (Martinique, French Guiana, Réunion and Guadeloupe) and mainland France.
There is an implicit stratification by age groups * income bands.
The 4 age groups are:
- < 40 years old
- 40-59 years old
- 60-69 years old
- ≥ 70 years old
The 4 Income bands are:
- < € 20,000 per year
- € 20,000 - € 40,000
- € 40,000 - € 60,000
- ≥ € 60,000
The first stage's unit is the household (same for the second stage's unit) and the method used to select the sample is a systematic sampling with equal probabilities with stratification effect.
At the second stage:
- 3 890 of them are randomly selected (with a stratification by the size of the household) for the CATI survey.
- 22 183 other households are selected for a “methodological sample”: they are interviewed with a CAWI/PAPI survey (see below) and the comparison of their responses with the responses in CATI survey enables to control for the bias due to the mode effect (actually, even after calibration, CAWI/PAPI survey slightly over-estimates the rate of the use of Internet).
- 5 913 other households, which have no known telephone number, are selected for the CAWI/PAPI survey. More precisely, for metropolitan France, 90 % of the households with high income are randomly selected (because we know that their response rate is high), and 100 % of the low income households are kept.
So, in total, 31 986 households were selected:
- 3 890 for CATI
- 28 096 for CAWI/PAPI
1 individual is interviewed in the household. Within the households, the respondent is selected with a birthday method.
18.1.3. Net effective sample size
Restricted from publication18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annual
18.3. Data collection
1) Methods used to gather data:
CATI (14%) ; CAWI (47%) ; PAPI (39%)
2) Short description of the survey method:
Telephone interview for the households with telephone number randomly selected and, for the households with or without telephone number randomly selected, a self-administered questionnaire (the respondents can choose between CAWI and PAPI).
3) Variables completed from an external source:
The region of residence, the geographical location and the degree of urbanisation are collected from the sampling frame (Fideli N-2)
18.4. Data validation
The methodology is used since 2011. It has proved to be efficient: annual data of ICT household surveys are consistent with SILC for equipment rate. The results are systematically confronted with past years results.
There is furthermore a data quality check before the validation by Eurostat: the compliance of the data sent to the instructions is checked and the changes over two years are analysed to see if there is no problem with a break in the series.
18.5. Data compilation
The data compilation process includes deterministic imputation, random imputation and weighting, for which the Insee uses the CALMAR procedure.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
For the target indicator "Individuals having ordered goods or services for private use over the internet in the last 12 months" (individuals who ticked 'Within the last 3 months' or 'Between 3 months and a year ago' in the question “When did you last buy or order goods or services for private use over the internet?”:
Imputation rate (% of observations): 0.5%
Imputation rate (share of estimate): 0.42%
18.5.2. Use of imputation methods
Methods used to impute item non-response:
Deterministic imputation: Mean/Median by class; Regression-based
Random imputation: Hot-deck; Simulated residuals
18.5.3. Grossing-up procedures
Grossing up procedures have been applied to Households:
Household weight = respondent weight * number of eligible households
Description of the weighting procedures:
At Insee, factors are corrected in the weighting procedure: the CALMAR procedure is used to gross-up at the same time households and individuals.
The margins used are calculated on the margins of Labour force survey and population census.
The variables used are the age of the individual, its gender, its level of education and employment classification, the number of individuals aged on 16+ in the household, the NUTS and the type of area the individual is living in.
18.6. Adjustment
Not relevant
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not relevant
The EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals is an annual survey conducted since 2002. In France, it has been conducted since 2005.
In 2024, the survey collects data on the access to information and communication technologies (ICT), on the use of the internet, e-government and e-commerce, internet of things, as well as green ICT.
The survey is collecting data of internet users, individuals who have used the internet in the three months prior to the survey.
This annual survey is used to benchmark ICT-driven developments, both by following developments for core variables over time and by looking in greater depth at other aspects at a specific point in time. While the survey initially concentrated on access and connectivity issues, its scope has subsequently been extended to cover a variety of subjects (for example, the use of internet, e-government, e-commerce, internet of things and green ICT) and socio-economic analysis (such as regional diversity, gender specificity, differences in age, education and the employment situation). The scope of the survey with respect to different technologies is also adapted to cover new product groups and means of delivering communication technologies to end-users.
For more details on the methodology applicable in each survey year, please consult the Compiler's Manual for the respective year.
Deviations from standard ICT concepts: No deviation observed.
Households and Individuals
In the ICT usage survey, the target population for the different statistical units is:
- individuals: all individuals aged 16 to 74;
- households: all (private) households with at least one member aged 16 to 74.
Target population composed of households and/or individuals:
- Number of households: 26 500 000
- Number of individuals: 47 900 000
A large part of the population not included in the Eurostat target is nevertheless surveyed in France.
France (all territory excluding Mayotte)
For most questions the reference period is the last three months before the interview. Questions in the modules on e-government refer to the 'last year' before the interview.
Deviation from this statement: NO DEVIATION
There is no problem of accuracy.
Percentages of ‘Households’ and Percentages of ‘Individuals’
The data compilation process includes deterministic imputation, random imputation and weighting, for which the Insee uses the CALMAR procedure.
The source of the raw data is described with more details in the paragraphs below.
Annual
Date of data dissemination at national level: 26 November 2024
As announced in last year's metadata report, efforts have been made to publish initial results in the year of collection.
There is no problem of comparability between regions of France. The adoption of a common questionnaire elaborated under the auspices of Eurostat ensures the comparability between the countries that conduct the survey.
However, the survey is nationally representative and sub-samples in some regions may be small.
Possible limitations in the use of data for comparisons over time:
The part of the questionnaire relating to employment status has been substantially updated for the 2024 survey.
These methodological modifications mainly impact the classification of employment status and therefore the number of people in the labour force, the non-working population and the retired population.