1.1. Contact organisation

Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BHAS)

1.2. Contact organisation unit

Business Statistics Sector - Department for Industry, Construction, Science, Technology and Innovation Statistics

1.3. Contact name

Confidential because of GDPR

1.4. Contact person function

Confidential because of GDPR

1.5. Contact mail address

Zelenih beretki 26, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

1.6. Contact email address

Confidential because of GDPR

1.7. Contact phone number

Confidential because of GDPR

1.8. Contact fax number

Confidential because of GDPR

2.1. Metadata last certified

25 December 2024

2.2. Metadata last posted

25 December 2024

2.3. Metadata last update

25 December 2024

3.1. Data description

The EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals is an annual survey conducted since 2002. In Bosnia and Herzegovina (henceforth BiH), it has been conducted since 2018.

In 2024, the survey collects data on the access to information and communication technologies (ICT), on the use of the internet, e-government and e-commerce, internet of things, as well as green ICT.

3.1.1. Survey name in national and English languages

National language: Upotreba informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija u domaćinstvima i pojedinačno 2024

English: Use of Information-Communication Technologies in households and by individuals 2024

 

Questionnaire(s) in national language(s) are available in the Annexes below.

3.2. Classification system

The following common concepts and definitions apply under the Integrated European Social Statistics (IESS):

• the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011 published in the following breakdowns: low (ISCED levels 0-2: no formal education, primary education or lower secondary education), medium (ISCED levels 3-4: upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education) and high (ISCED levels 5-6: tertiary programmes which normally need a successful completion of ISCED 3 or 4, or second-stage tertiary education leading to an advanced research qualification);
• the International Standard Classification for Occupation ISCO-08 at the 2-digit level;
• the Classification of Economic Activities (NACE Rev.2-2008), at section level;
• the Common classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS 1) – finer granularity of NUTS 2 is provided on optional basis by some Member States;
• the SCL Geographical code list;
• information about household income is provided at lower level of detail. 

Additional classifications used in the national questionnaire:  

• BiH Classification of Occupations KZ BIH 2008.
• Classification of levels and fields of education comparable to the International Standard Classification ISCED Education 2011
• Classification of the Professional Status of Employed Persons Comparable with the International Classification of Employment Positions ISCED 2011

3.3. Coverage - sector

The ICT survey in households and by individuals covers those households having at least one member in the age group 16 to 74 years old. Internet access of households refers to the percentage of households that have an internet access, so that anyone in the household could use the internet.

3.3.1. Differences in scope at national level

No differences in scope at the national level.

3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions

The survey is collecting data of internet users, individuals who have used the internet in the three months prior to the survey. 

This annual survey is used to benchmark ICT-driven developments, both by following developments for core variables over time and by looking in greater depth at other aspects at a specific point in time. While the survey initially concentrated on access and connectivity issues, its scope has subsequently been extended to cover a variety of subjects (for example, the use of the internet, e-government, eID,  and e-commerce, e-skills and privacy and protection of personal data) and socio-economic analysis (such as regional diversity, gender specificity, differences in age, education and the employment situation). The scope of the survey with respect to different technologies is also adapted so as to cover new product groups and means of delivering communication technologies to end-users.

For more details on the methodology applicable in each survey year, please consult the Compiler's Manual for the respective year (Methodological Manual - Information society statistics).

Deviations from standard ICT concepts: There are no deviations from standard ICT concepts.

3.5. Statistical unit

Households and Individuals

3.6. Statistical population

In the ICT usage survey, the target population for the different statistical units is:

• individuals: all individuals aged 16 to 74;
• households: all (private) households with at least one member aged 16 to 74. 

Target population composed of households and/or individuals:

• Number of households: 1135528
• Number of individuals: 2687466

3.6.1. Non-compulsory age groups

Non-compulsory age groups also included in the target population:

	No	Yes	Age scope
Individuals younger than 16?	X
Individuals older than 74?	X

3.6.2. Population not covered by the data collection

Non-target population (the difference between the total population and the target population)	Households	Individuals
Approximate number of units outside the general scope of the survey (for example individuals younger than 16 or older than 74; households with all members over 74 years old).	100 655	730 099
Estimate of the resulting percentage of under-coverage (non-covered population compared to the total country), if applicable	8,9%	27,2%

3.7. Reference area

Data refer to the whole territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina

3.8. Coverage - Time

Year 2024

3.9. Base period

Not applicable

Percentages of ‘Households’ and Percentages of ‘Individuals’

For most questions the reference period is the last three months before the interview. Questions in the modules on e-government and eID refer to the 'last year' before the interview.

Deviation from this assertion: No deviations

5.1. Survey period

06 May 2024 - 26 May 2024

6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements

The legal basis for the 2024 EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals is the Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 October 2019 establishing a common framework for European statistics relating to persons and households, based on data at individual level collected from samples (OJ  L 261 I, 14 October 2019, p. 1), as implemented by the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1484 of 18 July 2023 specifying the technical items of the data set, establishing the technical formats for transmission of information and specifying the detailed arrangements and content of the quality reports on the organisation of a sample survey in the use of information and communication technologies domain for reference year 2023 in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 182, 19 July 2023, pp. 100-149) and Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/1797 of 7 July 2023 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council by specifying the number and titles of the variables for the use of information and communication technologies statistics domain for the reference year 2024 (OJ L 233, 21 September 2023).

Complementary national legislation constituting the legal basis for the survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals: 

• Law on Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina no. 26/04 and 42/04,
• Multiannual statistical programs and annual work plans of BiH 2021 - 2024,
• ICT statistics methodology,
• International recommendations and manuals (Eurostat).

6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing

• Data delivery/sharing between the Institutes of Statistics from the entities (Republic of Srpska Institute for Statistics and the Institute of Statistics of the Federation of BiH) and the Agency for Statistics of BiH is regulated by Laws on statistics as well as Agreement on data sharing between all three statistical institutions;
• Data sharing to external users - state institutions in the country is regulated by Law on Statistics and other laws which regulate the work of state institutions (for example Directorate for Economic Planning of BiH, the Ministry of Finance of BiH; the Central Bank of BiH
• Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat);
• External users – international organizations such as UN Statistics Division (UNSD), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank (WB), World Casting Metal Organization, etc. based on their requests and/or agreements signed;
• Other users (students, the academic community, individual users, etc. in accordance with special procedures defined by the Agency together with the individual agreements signed).

7.1. Confidentiality - policy

The confidentiality of statistical data is regulated by law and the staff carrying out the statistical surveys has the obligation, according to the same legal basis, to protect confidentiality. The Law on Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette BiH 26/04 and 42/04 - Chapter XI - Articles 23-29) establishes the principle of confidentiality as one of the main principles.
The Agency for Statistics of BIH distributes statistics in line with the statistical principles of the European Statistics Code of Practice, and in particular in line with the principle of statistical confidentiality.

7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment

The document "Rules on the Protection of Statistical Data in the Agency for Statistics" lists procedures for ensuring confidentiality during collection, processing, and dissemination - including protocols for securing individual data being accessed, rules for defining confidential cells in output tables, and procedures for the detection and prevention of subsequent disclosures as well as access to microdata for research purposes.

8.1. Release calendar

At the end of December every year, BHAS announces the Release Calendar with the precise date and time of publication of the statistics for the following year. This Calendar is publicly available on the web site of the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

8.2. Release calendar access

The Release Calendar for Statistical Press Releases and publications in BiH is available at the following website.

8.3. Release policy - user access

The principle that all users have equal access to statistical data on an impartial basis is set out in Article 8, paragraph 2, point h, and Article 19 paragraph 2 of the Law on Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina and BHAS consistently implements it in practice.

Annual

10.1. Dissemination format - News release

Press release of the ICT data for Households and Individuals (preliminary data) is published on the 31 October 2024, in accordance with the defined date of publishing in the Release calendar, at 11 o’clock, on the Agency’s website in pdf format and also as a hard copy, upon request.

Press release on "Usage of information and communication technologies in households and individuals 2024, first results"

Thematic bulletin with final results on the Usage of ICT in households and individuals in 2024 will be available by the end of March 2025 on the website of the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

10.2. Dissemination format - Publications

BiH in figures - Section "ICT" (last available data for 2023)

 

10.3. Dissemination format - online database

An online database in Excel (three local language versions and English version) with a selected list of variables is available at the following webiste: ICT HH Time series and in the annexes below (English and Bosnian language in the same document).

Annexes:
ICT HH Time series

10.3.1. Data tables - consultations

Information is not available - there is no software for counting web hits.

10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access

Microdata are not available.

10.5. Dissemination format - other

There are no other dissemination means.

10.5.1. Metadata - consultations

Information is not available - there is no software for counting web hits.

10.6. Documentation on methodology

The Methodological Manual for conducting ICT survey is publicly available on the website (only in national language) of the Agency for Statistics of BiH at the following link (last available version for 2022 reference year) and it is available in Bosnian language.

10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate

 Not available.

10.7. Quality management - documentation

Not available.

11.1. Quality assurance

The Agency for Statistics of BiH (BHAS) follows the recommendations for quality management provided in the European Statistics Code of Practice (CoP). It implements the guidelines provided in the European Statistics System Quality Assurance Framework (QAF).

More details about quality assurance and all procedures describing the BHAS’s quality policy are contained in the document: BHAS Quality management policy and mechanisms available at website

11.2. Quality management - assessment

The Methodological Manual for statistics on the Information Society provided by Eurostat is only used.

12.1. Relevance - User Needs

Key users of the statistical data of the survey are:

• governments of all levels of government - Council of Ministers of BiH, Ministry of Transport and Communications BiH, Central Bank of BiH; other state institutions of all levels of government,
• International organizations: EU Statistics Office - EUROSTAT, World Bank, UNDP, UNESCO, UNECE, OECD, ETF, USAID, and Embassies of foreign countries in BiH, United Nations Statistical Division (UNSD)
• economic institutes, faculties, scientists, media, etc.

12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction

There is not yet user satisfaction survey for this survey.

12.3. Completeness

The data collection is based in accordance with the requirements of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/1797 of 7 July 2023, all mandatory variables and breakdowns were provided with very good completeness.

12.3.1. Data completeness - rate

The overall rate of available statistics on the usage of ICT in households and by individuals is 100%

13.1. Accuracy - overall

The survey is based on the sample, so the results obtained by this Survey are subject to the usual types of errors related to sampling techniques and surveys: sampling errors, non-sampling errors, measurement errors, processing and non-response.

13.2. Sampling error

The sampling error reflects the fact that only a particular sample was surveyed rather than the entire population. It is estimated by the standard error and can be expressed by the square root of the estimate of the sampling variance. The estimation of the sampling variance should ideally take into account the sampling design (e.g. the stratification).

Calculation methods for the variance estimation (SE):

Sampling error for key statistics was calculated with the usage of the SURVEY package in R, which enabled that the complex sample design characteristics were taken into account. SURVEYDESIGN procedure defined Taylor linearization series as the method for calculation of variance estimation. The following characteristics of the sample design were taken into account:

• Stratification: Entity/district and Type of settlement (6 strata).
• PSU: The sampling units that were defined during the sampling stage. The sampling units were determined on the basis of enumeration area (one or more EAs that were merged in order to get at least 50 units with size appropriate for sampling purposes).
• Weight: Only the final weight was taken into account.

In addition, the method used to assess the standard errors takes into account unit non-response. The influence of unit non-response was taken into account by taking only the responding units as the sample size assuming MAR mechanism and by considering the final weights (in surveymeans procedure), where the re-weighting for non-response was also reflected.

References: Särndal, C.-E., Swensson, B., & Wretman, J. (1992). Model assisted survey sampling. Springer-Verlag Publishing.

The formula used for the estimation of sampling error is given in the document attached as annex of this concept.

13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators

Precision estimates for the question "Individuals having ordered goods or services for private use over the internet in the last 12 months" (individuals who ticked 'Within the last 3 months' or 'Between 3 months and a year ago' in in the question “When did  you last buy or order goods or services for private use over the internet?”):

• Number of respondents (absolute value for ‘Yes’ answers):   2525
• Estimated proportion (in %):   43,9
• Standard error (in percentage points):   0,87

Details of the breakdowns are available in document Standard errors_Mandatory_Optional questions_BA_2024, in the Annexes.

13.3. Non-sampling error

See more details on non-sampling error below.

13.3.1. Coverage error

The new sample frame (called Main Sample Frame) for household surveys has been used in BiH from 2021. Updating of this frame is periodicity with the previously agreed scheme.

The coverage error was rather small. The share of ineligible households was low, approximately 2.2% of households fall into this category, mostly due to household members being too old to participate in the survey.

 

13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate

Over-coverage rate or rate of units from the frame which don't belong to the target population is 2.2%.

13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion

Not requested in the ICT survey.

13.3.2. Measurement error

1. Measurement errors: No measurement errors found.
2. Questionnaire design and testing: Not applicable.
3. Interviewer training:  Interviewer training is conducted immediately before the start of the survey and lasts for two days. The first day refers to the methodology and the second day to the application used to enter the data. Each interviewer receives a document  "Instructions for completing the Questionnaire" The application was made in the CSPRO environment and it has built-in controls on filter questions.
4. Proxy interview rates: Not applicable.

13.3.3. Non response error

Information about non-respondents:  No information available.

13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate

The unit non-response rate is the ratio of the number of in-scope non-respondents (= number of rejected interviews) to the number of eligible elements selected from the sampling frame.

Unit non-response rate for

• Households: 20,5%
• Individuals (aged 16-74): 20,5%

13.3.3.1.1. Unit non-response – sample sizes

	Number of households	Number of individuals (aged 16-74)	Number of individuals (< 16)	Number of individuals (> 74)
Gross sample [A] The number of households/individuals initially selected from the sampling frame (if not applicable, indicate why below the table)	7824	7824
Ineligible: out-of-scope [B]  For example, when a selected household is not in the target population because all members are over 75 years old or when no dwelling exists at the selected address, or a selected individual has died between the reference data of the sampling frame at the moment of the interview.	174	174
Number of eligible elements [C] Gross sample size corrected of the ineligible cases	7650	7650
Net sample size or final sample [D] The net sample size (or final sample) corresponds to the number of households/individuals that can be used in the final database.	6083	6083
Unit response rate [E] = [D] / [C] The unit response rate is the ratio of the number of in-scope respondents (= the number of achieved interviews or the net sample size) to the number of eligible elements selected from the sampling frame.	79,5%	79,5%

 

Comments, if any:

13.3.3.1.2. Unit non-response – methods, minimization and substitution

1. Methods used for dealing with unit non-response: No imputation methods were used. All non-response units were treated through the weighting procedure.
2. Methods used for minimizing unit non-response: With the aim of minimizing unit non-response, CATI interviewers called at least 3-4 times in an attempt to contact respondents. Phone interviews were scheduled in a time that was suitable for the household.
3. Substitution permitted:  No.
4. Substitution rate (in %):  Not applicable.

13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate

Items with low response rates (observed rates in %):  Not recorded.

13.3.4. Processing error

Processing error assessments are not done for these statistics.

13.3.5. Model assumption error

Not applicable

14.1. Timeliness

Preliminary data for Bosnia and Herzegovina were published on 31 October 2024. The final results will be published by the end of March 2025.

14.1.1. Time lag - first result

Restricted from publication

14.1.2. Time lag - final result

Restricted from publication

14.2. Punctuality

T+0. There is no discrepancy between the announced and real date of delivery.

14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication

T+0. There is no discrepancy between the announced and real date of publishing (according to the Release calendar).

15.1. Comparability - geographical

There is no problem of comparability across the country’s regions.

15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient

Not relevant

15.2. Comparability - over time

Possible limitations in the use of data for comparisons over time:  

Data on ICT Usage by Households and individuals were produced and published for the series of years 2018-2024 in annual dynamics. Due to changes in the original version of questionnaires used for conducting surveys across the years, there is the possibility that some of the data are not comparable over the years.

 

15.2.1. Length of comparable time series

The length of comparable time series depends on the module and variable considered within each of the modules of the survey.

15.3. Coherence - cross domain

Not applicable

15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics

Not applicable

15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts

Not applicable

15.4. Coherence - internal

All statistics are coherent within the dataset provided by the country.

15.4.1. Survey questionnaire – mandatory questions

MANDATORY questions in the Eurostat model questionnaire 2024:

Table 15.4.1. of document Standard errors_Mandatory_Optional questions_BA_2024 in the Annexes lists the questions for which the coverage of subjects and characteristics reflected in the national questionnaire differs from Annex 2 of the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/1797 of 7 July 2023. 

15.4.2. Survey questionnaire – optional questions

Adoption of OPTIONAL questions and items in the Eurostat model questionnaire 2024:

Table 15.4.2. of document Standard errors_Mandatory_Optional questions_BA_2024 in the Annexes lists the optional questions from the annual Eurostat model questionnaire 2024 included in the national questionnaire and their coverage for age groups beyond the standard scope. 

15.4.3. Survey questionnaire – additional questions at national level

Additional questions introduced in the national questionnaire in 2024 are:  A1_N, E1_N, E2_N, E_N

Question A1_N is related to use of different devices in households (PC, laptop, tablets, TV, radio, mobile phone).

Questions E1_N, E2_N and E3_N are related to e-skills.

Details of the questions are in document  Standard errors_Mandatory_Optional questions_BA_2024 available in the Annexes.

15.4.4. Survey questionnaire – deviations

Effects of deviations from the routing used in the Eurostat model questionnaire:  No deviations

Restricted from publication

17.1. Data revision - policy

The Agency for Statistics of BiH has no official document on the revision policy for this survey.

17.2. Data revision - practice

Not applicable.

17.2.1. Data revision - average size

Not relevant

18.1. Source data

The source of the raw data is described with more details in the paragraphs below.

18.1.1. Sampling frame

The new sample frame (called Main Sample Frame) for household surveys has been used in BiH from 2021. Population Census 2013 with a number of (raw) dwelling units (occupied and not occupied) was the starting point for drawing the first stage – enumeration areas (EAs). Around 10 replicates with 174 EAs and 7 with 156 EAs were selected and will be quarterly (due to a predefined scheme) updated with face-to-face interviews. All demographic information about households and their members in the next three years will be collected. This procedure of updating will follow the needs for the quarterly Labour Force Survey. Small EAs were not excluded from a sample frame. Due to the need of household-based surveys and conditions for at least 50 occupied dwelling units in Federation of BiH (FBiH) and Republika Srpska (RS) and 70 in Brcko District (BD), two or more adjacent EAs will be merged and will make primary sampling units (PSU). For the ICT-Household survey, households collected in 696 PSUs were used. Basic information on municipalities, type of settlements, enumeration areas, addresses, name and surname of the head of households, like as the information that at least one member of the household is aged between 16 and 74 available

18.1.2. Sampling design

The sample has been designed by using three sampling stages. EAs were selected, and stratified by region (entity/district) and type of settlement. Another proportional-to-size (PPS) sampling method is the method used for the first stage to select the sample (for the sampling units) based on the number of dwelling units (occupied and not occupied) from the Population Census 2013 within enumeration areas. Census enumeration areas are the sampling units at the first stage (PSU). The second stage unit is households while the ultimate stage unit is one person aged 16-74 within a household. Households in the second stage are randomly selected within strata. Only one person within each household is randomly selected.

18.1.3. Net effective sample size

Restricted from publication

18.2. Frequency of data collection

Annual

18.3. Data collection

1) Methods used to gather data:

Data for a survey on the use of ICT are collected by using the CATI (telephone interviewing) method.

2) Short description of the survey method:

One member (ages 16 -74), holder or the best-placed person in the household can provide answers for all members of the household concerned.

3) Variables completed from an external source: Not applicable

18.4. Data validation

Validation has been processed according to Eurostat’s rules and transmission standards.

18.5. Data compilation

The survey is based on a three-stage stratified random sample. EAs were selected by PPS. Households were selected randomly in the second stage and at the end, one person aged 16 – 74 within the household was selected.
EAs were selected and stratified by region (entity/district) and type of settlement. In the case of non-response of the household (whether it was not found at the address or refused to participate in the Survey for some reason), imputations are not made, but the correction is introduced through weighting (correction of the initial weight with non-response).

18.5.1. Imputation - rate

For the target indicator "Individuals having ordered goods or services for private use over the internet in the last 12 months" (individuals who ticked 'Within the last 3 months' or 'Between 3 months and a year ago' in the question “When did you last buy or order goods or services for private use over the internet?”:

Imputation rate (% of observations): 0

Imputation rate (share of estimate): 0

18.5.2. Use of imputation methods

Methods used to impute item non-response: NONE

18.5.3. Grossing-up procedures

Grossing up procedures have been applied to: 

Households and Individual level

 Description of the weighting procedures: 

Weighting calculates an unbiased estimate and achieves representativeness of the sample for the whole population. The survey data refer to persons and households and therefore two weights were calculated:

• the weight for individuals and
• the household weight.

Weights are used to compensate for unequal chances of different persons to be included in the sample. Calculation of weights at the household level is made in several successive steps. Since PSUs in the first stage were selected with PPS (probabilities proportional to size) within strata the inclusion probability at the first stage was calculated using the formula for that calculation. At the second stage within each selected PSU households are sampled by a simple random sampling procedure. Therefore, the inclusion probability of the household at the second stage is calculated. In the end, the design weight of a household is calculated as the inverse of its inclusion probabilities at the first and second stages. The design weights are further adjusted according to the actual response level.

Individual weights are calculated by multiplying household weights with an estimated number of individuals in the target population (16 – 74 years old) in households.

In the near future, the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina has a goal to do the method of calibration.

18.6. Adjustment

Not relevant

18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment

Not relevant

No comment.

Standard errors_Mandatory_Optional questions_BA_2024
Questionnaire ICT HH English language
Questionnaire ICT HH Bosnian language

The EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals is an annual survey conducted since 2002. In Bosnia and Herzegovina (henceforth BiH), it has been conducted since 2018.

In 2024, the survey collects data on the access to information and communication technologies (ICT), on the use of the internet, e-government and e-commerce, internet of things, as well as green ICT.

25 December 2024

The survey is collecting data of internet users, individuals who have used the internet in the three months prior to the survey. 

This annual survey is used to benchmark ICT-driven developments, both by following developments for core variables over time and by looking in greater depth at other aspects at a specific point in time. While the survey initially concentrated on access and connectivity issues, its scope has subsequently been extended to cover a variety of subjects (for example, the use of the internet, e-government, eID,  and e-commerce, e-skills and privacy and protection of personal data) and socio-economic analysis (such as regional diversity, gender specificity, differences in age, education and the employment situation). The scope of the survey with respect to different technologies is also adapted so as to cover new product groups and means of delivering communication technologies to end-users.

For more details on the methodology applicable in each survey year, please consult the Compiler's Manual for the respective year (Methodological Manual - Information society statistics).

Deviations from standard ICT concepts: There are no deviations from standard ICT concepts.

Households and Individuals

In the ICT usage survey, the target population for the different statistical units is:

• individuals: all individuals aged 16 to 74;
• households: all (private) households with at least one member aged 16 to 74. 

Target population composed of households and/or individuals:

• Number of households: 1135528
• Number of individuals: 2687466

Data refer to the whole territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina

For most questions the reference period is the last three months before the interview. Questions in the modules on e-government and eID refer to the 'last year' before the interview.

Deviation from this assertion: No deviations

The survey is based on the sample, so the results obtained by this Survey are subject to the usual types of errors related to sampling techniques and surveys: sampling errors, non-sampling errors, measurement errors, processing and non-response.

Percentages of ‘Households’ and Percentages of ‘Individuals’

The survey is based on a three-stage stratified random sample. EAs were selected by PPS. Households were selected randomly in the second stage and at the end, one person aged 16 – 74 within the household was selected.
EAs were selected and stratified by region (entity/district) and type of settlement. In the case of non-response of the household (whether it was not found at the address or refused to participate in the Survey for some reason), imputations are not made, but the correction is introduced through weighting (correction of the initial weight with non-response).

The source of the raw data is described with more details in the paragraphs below.

Annual

Preliminary data for Bosnia and Herzegovina were published on 31 October 2024. The final results will be published by the end of March 2025.

There is no problem of comparability across the country’s regions.

Possible limitations in the use of data for comparisons over time:  

Data on ICT Usage by Households and individuals were produced and published for the series of years 2018-2024 in annual dynamics. Due to changes in the original version of questionnaires used for conducting surveys across the years, there is the possibility that some of the data are not comparable over the years.