Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Data on the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) usage and e-commerce in enterprises are survey data. They are collected by the National Statistical Institutes or Ministries and are in principle based on Eurostat's annual model questionnaires on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises.
The legal basis for ICT enterprise statistics for survey year 2024 is Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1507 of 20 July 2023 laying down the technical specifications of data requirements for the topic 'ICT usage and e-commerce' for the reference year 2024. Large part of the data collected is used to measure the progress in the implementation of one of the main political priorities of the European Commission for 2019 to 2024 – A Europe fit for the digital age.
Furthermore, ICT data facilitate the monitoring of the EU’s digital targets for 2030, set by the Digital Decade Policy Programme. Four of the key performance indicators (KPIs) of the current programme stem from the statistics for which the implementing and delegated acts are enclosed for adoption: Artificial Intelligence, cloud, big data (data analytics) and the digital intensity index for businesses (DII) - a composite indicator reflecting the digital transformation of business. The aim of the European survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises is to collect and disseminate harmonised and comparable information at European level.
Name of data collection
Nutzung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien in Unternehmen 2024
All economic activities in the scope of Annex of the Commission Regulation are intended to be included in the general survey, covering enterprises with 10 or more employees and self-employed persons. These activities are:
Section C – “Manufacturing”
Section D, E – “Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply”, “Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities”
Section F – “Construction”
Section G – “Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles”
Section H – “Transportation and storage”
Section I – “Accommodation and food service activities”
Section J – “Information and communication”
Section L – “Real estate activities”
Section M – “Professional, scientific and technical activities”
Section N – "Administrative and support service activities"
Group 95.1 – “Repair of computers and communication equipment”.
For micro-enterprises see the sub-concepts below.
3.3.1. Coverage-sector economic activity for micro-enterprises - All NACE Rev. 2 categories are covered
Yes
3.3.2. Coverage sector economic activity for micro-enterprises - If not all activities were covered, which ones were covered?
All activities were covered.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The model questionnaire on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides a large variety of variables covering among others the following topics:
Access to and use of the Internet
E-commerce and e-business
ICT specialists and skills
ICT security
Artificial Intelligence.
The annual model questionnaires and the European businesses statistics compliers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises comprise definitions and explanations regarding the topics of the survey.
3.5. Statistical unit
Legal unit
3.6. Statistical population
Target Population
As required by Annex of the Commission Implementing Regulation, enterprises with 10 or more employees and self-employed persons are covered by the survey.
For micro-enterprises see the sub-concepts below.
3.6.1. Coverage of micro-enterprises
Yes
3.6.2. Breakdown between size classes [0 to 1] and [2 to 9]
Yes
3.6.3. If for micro-enterprises different size delimitation was used, please indicate it.
Not applicable
3.7. Reference area
Detailed information on the provision of data on NUTS 2 regional level is available in “Annex I. Completeness“.
The entire territory of Germany is covered.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Years 2023 and 2024.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable
Percentages of enterprises, Percentages of turnover, Percentages of employees and self-employed persons, Million euro (for selected indicators in some countries).
The reference period corresponds to the one in the model questionnaire: January 2024. For certain variables (sales, turnover, employees) the reference periode was 2023.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Complementary national legislation constituting the legal basis for the survey on the use of ICT in enterprises:
The data are collected by the Federal Statistical Office of Germany. The Statistical Offices of the Länder receive the data for their specific region when the survey is finished.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society.
At national level:
"Bundesstatistikgesetz in der Fassung der Bekanntmachung vom 20. Oktober 2016 (BGBl. I S. 2394), das zuletzt durch Artikel 5 des Gesetzes vom 20. Dezember 2022 (BGBl. I S. 2727) geändert worden ist"
According to §16 BStatG individual indication are kept in principal confidential. Exceptions need to be expressly regulated.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Data are transmitted via eDamis (encrypted) and delivered to a secure environment where they are treated. Flags are added for confidentiality in case results must not be disclosed.
At national level:
The minimum number of enterprises for breakdowns is 10. Otherwise breakdowns are flagged.
8.1. Release calendar
National results are released in November/December the same year that the survey is conducted. The release date is documented in a internal calendar.
8.2. Release calendar access
The release dates are not publicly accessible.
8.3. Release policy - user access
The results of the ICT survey are usually published in November/December. The publication in our data base is combined with a press release. On our webpage there is a weekly preview available, listing all press releases of the current week.
Annual
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
National dissemination of results
The data were published with a press release on 25. November 2024. Our press releases can be found at Destatis website.
Results for selected variables collected in the framework of this survey are available for all participating countries on Digital economy and society of Eurostat website.
The European businesses statistics compilers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides guidelines and clarifications for the implementation of the surveys.
At national level:
Each year we publicate a quality report which is available here:Destatis website.
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
Not requested
10.7. Quality management - documentation
Not available
11.1. Quality assurance
The European businesses statistics compliers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides guidelines and standards for the implementation of the surveys. It is updated every year according to the changed contents of the model questionnaires.
At national level:
The quality manual of the Federal and State Statistical Offices describes the framework for ensuring data quality in German official statistics. It is intended to inform users of statistical data (e.g. from ministries, associations, science or the public) about the management for ensuring the quality of statistical results, and to serve as a guide for employees of the Federal and State Statistical Offices and other bodies in Germany that produce official statistics.
At European level, the recommended use of the annual Eurostat model questionnaire aims at improving comparability of the results among the countries that conduct the survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. Moreover, the European businesses statistics compilers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides guidelines and clarifications for the implementation of the surveys.
At national level:
There are plausibility checks defined and embedded in the data acquisition process. If unplausible or incomplete answers occur it is tried to check the unplauibilities with the enterprises.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Not available.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Not available.
12.3. Completeness
Detailed information is available in “ Annex I. Completeness “ - related to questionnaire, coverage, additional questions, regional data.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
Not requested
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Comments on reliability and representativeness of results and completeness of dataset
These comments reflect overall standard errors reported for the indicators and breakdowns in section 13.2.1 (Sampling error - indicators) and the rest of the breakdowns for national and European aggregates, as well as other accuracy measurements. The estimated standard error should not exceed 2pp for the overall proportions and should not exceed 5pp for the proportions related to the different subgroups of the population (for those NACE aggregates for the calculation and dissemination of national aggregates). If problems were found, these could have implications for future surveys (e.g. need to improve sampling design, to increase sample sizes, to increase the response rates).
More detailed information is available in “ Annex II. Accuracy “ - related to European aggregates, comments on reliability and use of flag.
13.2. Sampling error
For calculation of the standard error see 13.2.1.1.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Standard error (for selected indicators and breakdowns)
Precision measures related to variability due to sampling, unit non-response (the size of the subset of respondents is smaller than the size of the original sample) and other (imputation for item non-response, calibration etc.) are not (yet) required from the Member states for all indicators. Eurostat will make basic assumptions to compute these measures for all indicators produced (e.g. stratified random sampling assuming as strata the crossing of the variables “Number of employees and self-employed persons” and “Economic Activity” as it was defined in the 3 tables of section 18.1).
More detailed information is available in“ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ – worksheets starting with “Standard error".
13.2.1.1. Sampling error indicator calculation
Calculation of the standard error
Various methods can be used for the calculation of the standard error for an estimated proportion. The aim is to incorporate into the standard error the sampling variability but also variability due to unit non-response, item non-response (imputation), calibration etc. In case of census / take-all strata, the aim is to calculate the standard errors comprising the variability due to unit non-response and item non-response.
a) Name and brief description of the applied estimation approach
The calculation of the standard error is based on the clan-macro in SAS.
b) Basic formula
See annex 'basic formula Germany'.
c)Main reference in the literature
No special reference in the literature.
d)How has the stratification been taken into account?
The stratification was fully taken into account by estimating the sampling error for proportions according to the unbound extrapolation for each stratum (“i” in basic formula above).
e)Which strata have been considered?
In total there were 1798 strata taken into account for grossing up. The difference in number of strata compared to the sample is due to empty strata that have been compiled. Depending on the considered breakdown a different number of strata were used for the estimation of the respective standard error.
See concept 18.1.1. A) Description of frame population.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
No over-coverage
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not requested
13.3.2. Measurement error
No measurement errors detected.
13.3.3. Non response error
See detailed sections below.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Response and non-response.
13.3.3.1.1. Unit response
The following table contains the number of units (i.e. enterprises), by type of response to the survey and by the percentage of these values in relation to the gross sample size.
Type of response
Enterprises
0-9 (or 2-9) employees and self-employed persons
10 or more employees and self-employed persons
Number
%
Number
%
Gross sample size (as in section 3.1 C)
26092
100%
55069
100%
1. Response (questionnaires returned by the enterprise)
4842
19%
13514
25%
1.1 Used for tabulation and grossing up (Net sample or Final Sample; as in section 3.1 D)
4842
19%
13514
25%
1.2 Not used for tabulation
1.2.1 Out of scope (deaths, misclassified originally in the target population, etc.)
1.2.2 Other reasons (e.g. unusable questionnaire)
2. Non-response (e.g. non returned mail, returned mail by post office)
21250
81%
41555
75%
Comments on unit response, if unit response is below 60%
Low response rate is due to voluntary survey.
13.3.3.1.2. Methods used for minimizing unit non-response
The survey on ICT usage is voluntary. Enterprises receive a second notification to remind them of the survey.
13.3.3.1.3. Methods used for unit non-response treatment
1. No treatment for unit non-response
2. Treatment by re-weighting
2.1 Re-weighting by the sampling design strata considering that non-response is ignorable inside each stratum (the naïve model)
2.2 Re-weighting by identified response homogeneity groups (created using sample-level information)
2.3 Re-weighting through calibration/post-stratification (performed using population information) by the groups used for calibration/post-stratification
X
3. Treatment by imputation (done distinctly for each variable/item)
4. Method(s) and the model(s) corresponding to the above or other method(s) used for the treatment of unit non-response. (e.g. Re-weighting using Horvitz-Thompson estimator, ratio estimator or regression estimator, auxiliary variables)
Empty strata - due to voluntariness of the ict survey in Germany - are corrected for using the so called "Verfahren der multiplikativen Ergänzung" (~Procedure of multiplicative completion).
13.3.3.1.4. Assessment of unit non-response bias
To measure a possible unit non-response bias, response rates are compared between size classes and economic sectors. There is no significant variance in response rates between different economic sectors. Concerning size classes, very small enterprises (0-9 persons employed) have a higher non-response rate.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not available.
13.3.3.2.1. Methods used for item non-response treatment
1. No treatment for item non-response
2. Deductive imputation An exact value can be derived as a known function of other characteristics.
3. Deterministic imputation (e.g. mean/median, mean/median by class, ratio-based, regression-based, single donor nearest-neighbour) Deterministic imputation leads to estimators with no random component, that is, if the imputation were to be re-conducted, the outcome would be the same.
X
4. Random imputation (e.g. hot-deck, cold-deck) Random imputation leads to estimators with a random component, that is, if the imputation were re-conducted, it would have led to a different result.
5. Re-weighting
6. Multiple imputation In multiple imputation each missing value is replaced (instead of a single value) with a set of plausible values that represent the uncertainty of the right value to impute. Multiple imputation methods offer the possibility of deriving variance estimators by taking imputation into account. The incorporation of imputation into the variance can be easily derived based on variability of estimates among the multiply imputed data sets.
7. Method(s) and the model(s) corresponding to the above or other method(s) used for the treatment of item non-response.
For quantitative variables related to turnover and persons employed the mean/mode imputation within classes is applied.
13.3.3.2.2. Questions or items with item response rates below 90% and other comments
Other comments relating to the item non-response
Additional issues concerning "item non-response" calculation (e.g. method used in national publications).
No additional issues regarding item non-response.
Questions and items with low response rates (cut-off value is 90%) and item non-response rate.
No additional issues regarding item non-response.
13.3.4. Processing error
No processing errors were detected.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not requested
14.1. Timeliness
See detailed section below.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Not applicable
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Data are to be delivered to Eurostat in the fourth quarter of the reference year (due date for the finalised dataset is 5th October). European results are released before the end of the survey year or in the beginning of the year following the survey year (T=reference year, T+0 for indicators referring to the current year, T+12 months for other indicators referring to the previous year e.g. e-commerce).
At national level:
No deviation.
14.2. Punctuality
See detailed section below.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Data were delivered to Eurostat on 2th October 2024; 3 days before the deadline.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
The model questionnaire is generally used by the countries that conduct the survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. Due to (small) differences in translation, in the used survey vehicle, in non-response treatment or different routing through the questionnaire, some results for some countries may be of reduced comparability. In these cases, notes are added in the data.
Detailed information on differences in the wording of the questions in the national questionnaires is available in “ Annex I. Completeness “ - worksheets related to questionnaire, coverage, additional questions.
Comparability between regions:
Data on NUTS 2 regional level were not delivered.
Detailed information on the provision of data on NUTS 2 regional level is available in “Annex I. Completeness“ – worksheets related to regional data.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable
15.2. Comparability - over time
See section below.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
The length of comparable time series depends on the module and the variable considered within each survey module. Additional information is available in annexes attached to the European metadata.
No changes in the national survey from the previous year(s).
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
After classifying the publication error (formal error or content error) the error treatment is undertaken. Depending on the severity of the error there are differences regarding the intensity of informing the users, the point in time of disseminating the corrected data and information, and the involvement of other persons in the error tretament process. Finally, a form on the documentation of publication errors is to be completed in order to derive measures to minimize publication errors. An annual report on publication errors is provided for internal use.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not requested
18.1. Source data
A) Frame population description and distribution
For more information see concept 18.1.1.
B) Sampling design - Sampling method
Description of the sampling method used (e.g. stratified random sample, quota sampling, cluster sampling; one-stage or two-stage sampling) and information which variables were used to stratify, the categories of those variables, in particular for the NACE Rev. 2 categories related to the "possible calculation of European aggregates", and the final number of strata:
For sampling a random stratified sample was used. The variables of stratification were the federal state, the economic activity (according to NACE Rev. 2) and the number of employees (including a „0”-stratum, see annex for further information). The final number of strata amounted to 1961.
The sample of enterprises is selected using a stratified random sampling method. Enterprises are grouped into strata taking into account "Federal state", "economic activity" and size classes of employees. The allocation of sample size to strata is following the optimum allocation (minimizing variance for a fixed cost) in compliance to the quality requirements. At the end, the sample is reweighted by a calibration approach using updated survey and business register information. For the „0”-stratum in each stratum of the sample (federal state x economic activity) a certain number of enterprises from the “0”-stratum was selected. For most cases this corresponded to an inclusion probability of less than 1%. (Size class 0 to 1 persons employed includes enterprises of the „0”-stratum; for the exact number of enterprises in the „0”-stratum, see annex.)
C) Gross sample distribution
More detailed information is available in “ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ (Worksheet: GROSS SAMPLE)
D) Net sample distribution
More detailed information is available in “ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ (Worksheet: NET SAMPLE)
a) When was the sample for the ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprise survey drawn?
December 2023
b) Last update of the Business register that was used for drawing the sample of enterprises for the survey:
May 2023
c) Indication if the frame population is the same as, or is in some way coordinated with, the one used for the Structural Business Statistics (different snapshots):
The frame population of the ICT usage and e-commerce survey is not coordinated with other statistic, incl. the SBS.
d) Description if different frames are used during different stages of the statistical process (e.g. frame used for sampling vs. frame used for grossing up):
The same frame is used for sampling and grossing up in the ICT survey.
e) Indication the shortcomings in terms of timeliness (e.g. time lag between last update of the sampling frame and the moment of the actual sampling), geographical coverage, coverage of different subpopulations, data available etc., and any measures taken to correct it, for this survey.
Timeliness: The sampling was undertaken in December 2023. The time lag regarding administrative variables was corrected for - by information from the business register in January 2024.
B) Frame population distribution
More detailed information is available in “ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ (Worksheet: FRAME POPULATION)
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annual
18.3. Data collection
See detailed sections below.
18.3.1. Survey period
Survey / Collection
Date of sending out questionnaires
Date of reception of the last questionnaire treated
General survey
February 2024
30 June 2024
Micro-enterprises
February 2024
30 June 2024
18.3.2. Survey vehicle – general survey
General survey - Stand-alone survey
18.3.3. Survey vehicle – micro-enterprises
The collection of micro-enterprises was integrated with the general survey
18.3.4. Survey type
It is a a web survey. The web-questionnaire is provided barrier-free. If necessary the respondents have the possibility to answer the questions by paper questionnaire (self-administered mail).
18.3.5. Survey participation
Voluntary
18.4. Data validation
Data has been validated by server based EDIT validation. Already during the process of data collection several plausibility checks are conducted.
18.5. Data compilation
Grossing-up procedures
An unbound extrapolation is applied to each stratum. The net sample is grossed up by using the data of the business register. Unit non-response is corrected for by the so called "Verfahren der multiplikativen Ergänzung".Three weighting factors are calculated for each stratum. Depending on the type of indicator one of the following raising factors is chosen for data analysis: raising factor for enterprises, employees or turnover.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not available.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable
Problems encountered and lessons to be learnt: none.
19.1. Documents
Questionnaire in national language
X
Questionnaire in English (if available)
National reports on methodology (if available)
Analysis of key results, backed up by tables and graphs in English (if available)
Data on the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) usage and e-commerce in enterprises are survey data. They are collected by the National Statistical Institutes or Ministries and are in principle based on Eurostat's annual model questionnaires on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises.
The legal basis for ICT enterprise statistics for survey year 2024 is Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1507 of 20 July 2023 laying down the technical specifications of data requirements for the topic 'ICT usage and e-commerce' for the reference year 2024. Large part of the data collected is used to measure the progress in the implementation of one of the main political priorities of the European Commission for 2019 to 2024 – A Europe fit for the digital age.
Furthermore, ICT data facilitate the monitoring of the EU’s digital targets for 2030, set by the Digital Decade Policy Programme. Four of the key performance indicators (KPIs) of the current programme stem from the statistics for which the implementing and delegated acts are enclosed for adoption: Artificial Intelligence, cloud, big data (data analytics) and the digital intensity index for businesses (DII) - a composite indicator reflecting the digital transformation of business. The aim of the European survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises is to collect and disseminate harmonised and comparable information at European level.
Name of data collection
Nutzung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien in Unternehmen 2024
28 January 2025
The model questionnaire on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides a large variety of variables covering among others the following topics:
Access to and use of the Internet
E-commerce and e-business
ICT specialists and skills
ICT security
Artificial Intelligence.
The annual model questionnaires and the European businesses statistics compliers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises comprise definitions and explanations regarding the topics of the survey.
Legal unit
Target Population
As required by Annex of the Commission Implementing Regulation, enterprises with 10 or more employees and self-employed persons are covered by the survey.
For micro-enterprises see the sub-concepts below.
Detailed information on the provision of data on NUTS 2 regional level is available in “Annex I. Completeness“.
The entire territory of Germany is covered.
The reference period corresponds to the one in the model questionnaire: January 2024. For certain variables (sales, turnover, employees) the reference periode was 2023.
Comments on reliability and representativeness of results and completeness of dataset
These comments reflect overall standard errors reported for the indicators and breakdowns in section 13.2.1 (Sampling error - indicators) and the rest of the breakdowns for national and European aggregates, as well as other accuracy measurements. The estimated standard error should not exceed 2pp for the overall proportions and should not exceed 5pp for the proportions related to the different subgroups of the population (for those NACE aggregates for the calculation and dissemination of national aggregates). If problems were found, these could have implications for future surveys (e.g. need to improve sampling design, to increase sample sizes, to increase the response rates).
More detailed information is available in “ Annex II. Accuracy “ - related to European aggregates, comments on reliability and use of flag.
Percentages of enterprises, Percentages of turnover, Percentages of employees and self-employed persons, Million euro (for selected indicators in some countries).
Grossing-up procedures
An unbound extrapolation is applied to each stratum. The net sample is grossed up by using the data of the business register. Unit non-response is corrected for by the so called "Verfahren der multiplikativen Ergänzung".Three weighting factors are calculated for each stratum. Depending on the type of indicator one of the following raising factors is chosen for data analysis: raising factor for enterprises, employees or turnover.
A) Frame population description and distribution
For more information see concept 18.1.1.
B) Sampling design - Sampling method
Description of the sampling method used (e.g. stratified random sample, quota sampling, cluster sampling; one-stage or two-stage sampling) and information which variables were used to stratify, the categories of those variables, in particular for the NACE Rev. 2 categories related to the "possible calculation of European aggregates", and the final number of strata:
For sampling a random stratified sample was used. The variables of stratification were the federal state, the economic activity (according to NACE Rev. 2) and the number of employees (including a „0”-stratum, see annex for further information). The final number of strata amounted to 1961.
The sample of enterprises is selected using a stratified random sampling method. Enterprises are grouped into strata taking into account "Federal state", "economic activity" and size classes of employees. The allocation of sample size to strata is following the optimum allocation (minimizing variance for a fixed cost) in compliance to the quality requirements. At the end, the sample is reweighted by a calibration approach using updated survey and business register information. For the „0”-stratum in each stratum of the sample (federal state x economic activity) a certain number of enterprises from the “0”-stratum was selected. For most cases this corresponded to an inclusion probability of less than 1%. (Size class 0 to 1 persons employed includes enterprises of the „0”-stratum; for the exact number of enterprises in the „0”-stratum, see annex.)
C) Gross sample distribution
More detailed information is available in “ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ (Worksheet: GROSS SAMPLE)
D) Net sample distribution
More detailed information is available in “ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ (Worksheet: NET SAMPLE)
The model questionnaire is generally used by the countries that conduct the survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. Due to (small) differences in translation, in the used survey vehicle, in non-response treatment or different routing through the questionnaire, some results for some countries may be of reduced comparability. In these cases, notes are added in the data.
Detailed information on differences in the wording of the questions in the national questionnaires is available in “ Annex I. Completeness “ - worksheets related to questionnaire, coverage, additional questions.
Comparability between regions:
Data on NUTS 2 regional level were not delivered.
Detailed information on the provision of data on NUTS 2 regional level is available in “Annex I. Completeness“ – worksheets related to regional data.
