Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Sector for Business Statistics, Department for Industry, Construction, Science, Technology and Innovation statistics
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
Zelenih beretki 26, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
3 April 2025
2.2. Metadata last posted
3 April 2025
2.3. Metadata last update
3 April 2025
3.1. Data description
Data on the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) usage and e-commerce in enterprises are survey data. They are collected by the National Statistical Institutes or Ministries and are in principle based on Eurostat's annual model questionnaires on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises.
The legal basis for ICT enterprise statistics for survey year 2024 is Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1507 of 20 July 2023 laying down the technical specifications of data requirements for the topic 'ICT usage and e-commerce' for the reference year 2024. Large part of the data collected is used to measure the progress in the implementation of one of the main political priorities of the European Commission for 2019 to 2024 – A Europe fit for the digital age.
Furthermore, ICT data facilitate the monitoring of the EU’s digital targets for 2030, set by the Digital Decade Policy Programme. Four of the key performance indicators (KPIs) of the current programme stem from the statistics for which the implementing and delegated acts are enclosed for adoption: Artificial Intelligence, cloud, big data (data analytics) and the digital intensity index for businesses (DII) - a composite indicator reflecting the digital transformation of business. The aim of the European survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises is to collect and disseminate harmonised and comparable information at European level.
Name of data collection
Survey Use of Information - Communication Technology in Enterprises for the reference year 2024. This is an annual survey on the usage of information and communication technologies (ICT) and provides information on computer usage, usage of the internet, electronic commerce and other ICTs in enterprises
All economic activities in the scope of Annex of the Commission Regulation are intended to be included in the general survey, covering enterprises with 10 or more employees and self-employed persons. These activities are:
Section C – “Manufacturing”
Section D, E – “Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply”, “Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities”
Section F – “Construction”
Section G – “Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles”
Section H – “Transportation and storage”
Section I – “Accommodation and food service activities”
Section J – “Information and communication”
Section L – “Real estate activities”
Section M – “Professional, scientific and technical activities”
Section N – "Administrative and support service activities"
Group 95.1 – “Repair of computers and communication equipment”.
For micro-enterprises see the sub-concepts below.
3.3.1. Coverage-sector economic activity for micro-enterprises - All NACE Rev. 2 categories are covered
Micro-enterprises are not included in the survey
3.3.2. Coverage sector economic activity for micro-enterprises - If not all activities were covered, which ones were covered?
Micro enterprises are not included in the survey.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The model questionnaire on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides a large variety of variables covering among others the following topics:
Access to and use of the Internet;
E-commerce and e-business;
ICT specialists and skills;
ICT security;
Artificial Intelligence.
The annual model questionnaires and the European businesses statistics compliers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises comprise definitions and explanations regarding the topics of the survey.
3.5. Statistical unit
The reporting units are enterprises with 10 or more employees registered within these economic activities: NACE Rev. 2 sections C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, L, M and N, division 95.1., according to the Classification of Activities (KD BiH 2010) :
Section C – “Manufacturing”;
Section D, E – “Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply” “Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities”;
Section F – “Construction”;
Section G – “Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles”;
Section H – “Transportation and storage”;
Section I – “Accommodation and food service activities”;
Section J – “Information and communication”;
Section L – “Real estate activities”;
Section M – “Professional, scientific and technical activities”;
Section N – "Administrative and support service activities";
Group 95.1 – “Repair of computers and communication equipment”.
3.6. Statistical population
Target Population
As required by Annex of the Commission Implementing Regulation, enterprises with 10 or more employees and self-employed persons are covered by the survey.
For micro-enterprises see the sub-concepts below.
3.6.1. Coverage of micro-enterprises
No
3.6.2. Breakdown between size classes [0 to 1] and [2 to 9]
No
3.6.3. If for micro-enterprises different size delimitation was used, please indicate it.
Not applicable.
3.7. Reference area
Detailed information on the provision of data on NUTS 2 regional level is available in “Annex I. Completeness“.
Data refer to the entire territory of the Bosnia and Herzegovina country.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Years 2023 and 2024.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable
Percentages of enterprises, Percentages of turnover, Percentages of employees and self-employed persons, Million euro (for selected indicators in some countries).
The reference periods defined in the questionnaire were followed.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Complementary national legislation constituting the legal basis for the survey on the use of ICT in enterprises:
Complementary national legislation constituting the legal basis for the survey on the use of ICT in enterprises:
Law on Statistics of BiH (Official Gazette of BiH No. 26/04 and 42/04), and laws on statistics of the entity statistical institutions. The Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina is responsible for data collection, data processing, and data publishing at the state level (BiH level) as well as for the implementation of methodologies in all three statistical institutions in BiH in a unique way; See this website.
Multi-annual statistical work programs for BiH (2021 - 2024) and Annual Work Plan of BiH for 2024; See this website., only in Bosnian language.
Strategy for development of statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2030; See this website, only in Bosnian language.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Data delivery/sharing between the Institutes of Statistics from the entities (Republic of Srpska Institute for Statistics and the Institute of Statistics of the Federation of BiH) and the Agency for Statistics of BiH is regulated by Laws on statistics as well as Agreement on data sharing between all three statistical institutions;
Data sharing to external users (state institutions) in the country are regulated by Law on Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina No. 26/2004 and 42/2004 and other laws that regulate the work of state institutions;
Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat).
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society.
At national level:
The confidentiality of statistical data is regulated by law and the staff carrying out the statistical survey has the obligation, according to the same legal basis, to protect confidentiality. The Law on Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette BiH 26/04 and 42/04 - Chapter XI - Articles 23-29) establishes the principle of confidentiality as one of the main principles. The Agency for Statistics of BIH distributes statistics in accordance with the statistical principles of the European Statistics Code of Practice, and in particular in accordance with the principle of statistical confidentiality.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Data are transmitted via eDamis (encrypted) and delivered to a secure environment where they are treated. Flags are added for confidentiality in case results must not be disclosed.
At national level:
The document "Rules on the Protection of Statistical Data in the Agency for Statistics" lists procedures for ensuring confidentiality during collection, processing and dissemination - including protocols for securing individual data being accessed, rules for defining confidential cells in output tables and procedures for the detection and prevention of subsequent disclosures as well as access to microdata for research purposes. Confidential data are hidden and not shown in publications. Bhas website.
8.1. Release calendar
The release calendar for statistical publications in BiH is published in advance for the entire year and it contains detailed information about all publications planned to be published. In December every year, the Agency for Statistics of BIH publishes on a website a calendar with accurate dates and times of publication of statistics for the next year. The calendar is published on the website in four language versions (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian and English languages) and in pdf format. The deadline for publishing ICT ENT release is 31st October.
8.2. Release calendar access
The release calendar for Statistical Press Releases in BiH for 2024 is available at the following website: Calendar.
8.3. Release policy - user access
All publications are published in accordance with the defined release calendar on the exactly specified date, at 11 o’clock, on the Agency’s website. If publishing of the publication will be delayed, the relevant information with a detailed explanation shall be posted on the website and a new date/time shall be published. All publications intended for users are available in 4 languages, that is, 3 local languages plus the English version. Users shall not have access to new data prior to their official publication on the Agency’s website, nor is it possible for them to be granted access to data earlier. The principle that all users should have equal access to statistical data on an unbiased base is stipulated in Article 8, paragraph (2), subparagraph h) and Article 19, paragraph (2) of the Law on Statistics of BiH, and the Agency for statistics of BiH strictly comply with it in practice.
Annual
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
National dissemination of results
Thematic bulletin on the use of Information and Communication Technology in Bosnia and Herzegovina is published on the website of the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina:
Bhas website (currently available for 2023 reference year)
The first release of preliminary results on ICT usage and e-commerce in Enterprises for Bosnia and Herzegovina is published on the website of the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina at the following website:
Results for selected variables collected in the framework of this survey are available for all participating countries on Digital economy and society of Eurostat website.
At national level:
Currently, there is no available online database for INFOSOC statistics to users on the website of the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
There is no microdata access granted to the users.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Data on ICT are published in MS Excel format: Bhas website.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
There is no available this kind of information because there is no software solution implemented for counting the web hits.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
The European businesses statistics compilers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides guidelines and clarifications for the implementation of the surveys.
At national level:
Last available document is for 2022 in local languages.
Agency for statistics of the BIH is committed to consistent esteem and implementation of the quality policy that is also based on following principles of Total Quality Management Model (TQM):
Monitoring of the Quality of statistical processes and products
Users’ satisfaction with statistical data
Strengthening of cooperation with data providers (reducing respondents burden)
Rational usage of resources available
Professional orientation of personnel (education, motivation, and satisfaction)
More information about quality assurance and documentation is provided in the following website: Bhas website.
11.1. Quality assurance
The European businesses statistics compliers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides guidelines and standards for the implementation of the surveys. It is updated every year according to the changed contents of the model questionnaires.
At national level:
The Methodological Manual provides guidelines and standards for the implementation of the surveys. It is updated every year according to the changed contents of the model questionnaires. The Eurostat model questionnaire on ICT usage and e-Commerce in enterprises for 2024 was used. Eurostat - products-manuals-and-guidelines.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
At European level, the recommended use of the annual Eurostat model questionnaire aims at improving comparability of the results among the countries that conduct the survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. Moreover, the European businesses statistics compilers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides guidelines and clarifications for the implementation of the surveys.
At national level:
The Methodological Manual for statistics on the Information Society Statistics provided by Eurostat is only used.
Indicators of ICT usage in enterprises are produced in accordance with methodological requirements and standards. Data are compared with previous and corresponding period and with surrounding countries. The publication schedule is fixed and announced in advance.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Key users of the statistical data of the survey in Bosnia and Herzegovina are the Council of Ministers of BiH, the Ministry of Transport and Communications of BiH, the Central Bank of BiH, and the Regional Cooperation Council. Data users are also business entities, the media, and the public.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
There is no specific user satisfaction survey conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises.
12.3. Completeness
Detailed information is available in “ Annex I. Completeness “ - related to questionnaire, coverage, additional questions, regional data.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
Not requested
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Comments on reliability and representativeness of results and completeness of dataset
These comments reflect overall standard errors reported for the indicators and breakdowns in section 13.2.1 (Sampling error - indicators) and the rest of the breakdowns for national and European aggregates, as well as other accuracy measurements. The estimated standard error should not exceed 2pp for the overall proportions and should not exceed 5pp for the proportions related to the different subgroups of the population (for those NACE aggregates for the calculation and dissemination of national aggregates). If problems were found, these could have implications for future surveys (e.g. need to improve sampling design, to increase sample sizes, to increase the response rates).
More detailed information is available in “ Annex II. Accuracy “ - related to European aggregates, comments on reliability and use of flag.
13.2. Sampling error
For calculation of the standard error see 13.2.1.1.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Standard error (for selected indicators and breakdowns)
Precision measures related to variability due to sampling, unit non-response (the size of the subset of respondents is smaller than the size of the original sample) and other (imputation for item non-response, calibration etc.) are not (yet) required from the Member states for all indicators. Eurostat will make basic assumptions to compute these measures for all indicators produced (e.g. stratified random sampling assuming as strata the crossing of the variables “Number of employees and self-employed persons” and “Economic Activity” as it was defined in the 3 tables of section 18.1).
More detailed information is available in“ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ – worksheets starting with “Standard error".
13.2.1.1. Sampling error indicator calculation
Calculation of the standard error
Various methods can be used for the calculation of the standard error for an estimated proportion. The aim is to incorporate into the standard error the sampling variability but also variability due to unit non-response, item non-response (imputation), calibration etc. In case of census / take-all strata, the aim is to calculate the standard errors comprising the variability due to unit non-response and item non-response.
a) Name and brief description of the applied estimation approach
Estimates were calculated using functions implemented in the R "survey" package.
d)How has the stratification been taken into account?
Stratification was taken into account by passing strata as an argument to the “svydesign” function in the R “survey” package.
e)Which strata have been considered?
All strata created according to NACE Rev. 2 economic activity and enterprise size have been considered.
13.3. Non-sampling error
See detailed sections below.
13.3.1. Coverage error
See concept 18.1.1. A) Description of frame population.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Over coverage rate 0,00%
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not requested
13.3.2. Measurement error
No measurement errors found.
13.3.3. Non response error
See detailed sections below.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
See detailed sub-concepts below.
13.3.3.1.1. Unit response
The following table contains the number of units (i.e. enterprises), by type of response to the survey and by the percentage of these values in relation to the gross sample size.
Type of response
Enterprises
0-9 (or 2-9) employees and self-employed persons
10 or more employees and self-employed persons
Number
%
Number
%
Gross sample size (as in section 3.1 C)
2792
100%
1. Response (questionnaires returned by the enterprise)
2253
80.7%
1.1 Used for tabulation and grossing up (Net sample or Final Sample; as in section 3.1 D)
1.2 Not used for tabulation
1.2.1 Out of scope (deaths, misclassified originally in the target population, etc.)
1.2.2 Other reasons (e.g. unusable questionnaire)
2. Non-response (e.g. non returned mail, returned mail by post office)
539
19.3%
Comments on unit response, if unit response is below 60%
13.3.3.1.2. Methods used for minimizing unit non-response
The survey is promoted through local media, and the websites of three statistical institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Also, reporting units are informed by official letters that the survey will be conducted.
13.3.3.1.3. Methods used for unit non-response treatment
1. No treatment for unit non-response
2. Treatment by re-weighting
2.1 Re-weighting by the sampling design strata considering that non-response is ignorable inside each stratum (the naïve model)
X
2.2 Re-weighting by identified response homogeneity groups (created using sample-level information)
2.3 Re-weighting through calibration/post-stratification (performed using population information) by the groups used for calibration/post-stratification
3. Treatment by imputation (done distinctly for each variable/item)
4. Method(s) and the model(s) corresponding to the above or other method(s) used for the treatment of unit non-response. (e.g. Re-weighting using Horvitz-Thompson estimator, ratio estimator or regression estimator, auxiliary variables)
Horvitz-Thomson estimator is used for the treatment of unit non-response.
13.3.3.1.4. Assessment of unit non-response bias
Not applicable.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Item non-response rate is not calculated.
13.3.3.2.1. Methods used for item non-response treatment
1. No treatment for item non-response
2. Deductive imputation An exact value can be derived as a known function of other characteristics.
3. Deterministic imputation (e.g. mean/median, mean/median by class, ratio-based, regression-based, single donor nearest-neighbour) Deterministic imputation leads to estimators with no random component, that is, if the imputation were to be re-conducted, the outcome would be the same.
X
4. Random imputation (e.g. hot-deck, cold-deck) Random imputation leads to estimators with a random component, that is, if the imputation were re-conducted, it would have led to a different result.
5. Re-weighting
6. Multiple imputation In multiple imputation each missing value is replaced (instead of a single value) with a set of plausible values that represent the uncertainty of the right value to impute. Multiple imputation methods offer the possibility of deriving variance estimators by taking imputation into account. The incorporation of imputation into the variance can be easily derived based on variability of estimates among the multiply imputed data sets.
7. Method(s) and the model(s) corresponding to the above or other method(s) used for the treatment of item non-response.
13.3.3.2.2. Questions or items with item response rates below 90% and other comments
Other comments relating to the item non-response
Additional issues concerning "item non-response" calculation (e.g. method used in national publications).
Not applicable
Questions and items with low response rates (cut-off value is 90%) and item non-response rate.
Not applicable
13.3.4. Processing error
No processing errors were detected.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not requested
14.1. Timeliness
See detailed section in the Full metadata report.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Not applicable
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Data are to be delivered to Eurostat in the fourth quarter of the reference year (due date for the finalised dataset is 5th October). European results are released before the end of the survey year or in the beginning of the year following the survey year (T=reference year, T+0 for indicators referring to the current year, T+12 months for other indicators referring to the previous year e.g. e-commerce).
At national level:
Data are released in October for the survey year.
14.2. Punctuality
See detailed section below.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Delivery to Eurostat is done on 2nd October 2024.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
The model questionnaire is generally used by the countries that conduct the survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. Due to (small) differences in translation, in the used survey vehicle, in non-response treatment or different routing through the questionnaire, some results for some countries may be of reduced comparability. In these cases, notes are added in the data.
The surveys on the use of ICT in enterprises were conducted in full compliance with the requirements and regulations of the European Commission. The reference year is also harmonized with the European countries as well as the variables collected and to be transmitted to Eurostat.
Detailed information on differences in the wording of the questions in the national questionnaires is available in “ Annex I. Completeness “ - worksheets related to questionnaire, coverage, additional questions.
Comparability between regions:
Detailed information on the provision of data on NUTS 2 regional level is available in “Annex I. Completeness“ – worksheets related to regional data.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable
15.2. Comparability - over time
See detailed section in the Full metadata report.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
The length of comparable time series depends on the module and the variable considered within each survey module. Additional information is available in annexes attached to the European metadata.
There are no changes in the survey from the previous year(s) that may have an impact on the comparability over time of the results delivered to Eurostat.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable
15.4. Coherence - internal
Not applicable
Restricted from publication
17.1. Data revision - policy
There is no official revision policy adopted by BHAS. However, there are internal rules defined for the correction of errors that occur occasionally. BHAS employees make efforts to reduce errors before the data release. Corrections of errors are indicated with a note pointing out page, table number etc. where the data are corrected. A list of corrections is provided which clearly indicates which publication has an error.
17.2. Data revision - practice
Procedures for handling errors of the released data are adapted to the gravity of the error. Excluding proofing/printing errors, the basic procedure following the detection of an error is as follows:
a correction of a detected error, and reissuing the data/publications or corrigenda only in case of a larger publication on the BHAS website in the shortest period possible;
a notice stating the case of an amendment next to the link with the revised data or a notice stating the availability of the corrigenda in cases of larger publications together with the release date of amended data.
If an error is detected and corrected on the day of the release, the correction notice must state the precise release time of the correction. Corrections of proofing/printing errors shall be made without issuing a correction notice.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not requested
18.1. Source data
A) Frame population description and distribution
For more information see concept 18.1.1.
B) Sampling design - Sampling method
Description of the sampling method used (e.g. stratified random sample, quota sampling, cluster sampling; one-stage or two-stage sampling) and information which variables were used to stratify, the categories of those variables, in particular for the NACE Rev. 2 categories related to the "possible calculation of European aggregates", and the final number of strata:
The combined sampling method and full coverage were used, depending on the number of employees, i.e. For enterprises with fewer than 100 employees, a stratified random sample was used, while for the rest (number of employees> = 100) a full coverage was taken. The allocation of units within the strata was made using the variability of the number of employees per stratum for the entire target population. The maximum was applied between Neyman's allocation and the obtained Neyman average and the proportional allocation. After this initial allocation, a rule of 10 units per stratum was applied to reduce the number of strata with a small number of units
C) Gross sample distribution
More detailed information is available in “ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ (Worksheet: GROSS SAMPLE)
D) Net sample distribution
More detailed information is available in “ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ (Worksheet: NET SAMPLE)
18.1.1. Sampling design & Procedure frame
A) Description of frame population
a) When was the sample for the ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprise survey drawn?
23 February 2024
b) Last update of the Business register that was used for drawing the sample of enterprises for the survey:
31 December 2023
c) Indication if the frame population is the same as, or is in some way coordinated with, the one used for the Structural Business Statistics (different snapshots):
For both surveys only the same state of the Statistical Business Register is used, i.e. 31 December 2023. The frames are not coordinated.
d) Description if different frames are used during different stages of the statistical process (e.g. frame used for sampling vs. frame used for grossing up):
The same frame is used in all stages
e) Indication the shortcomings in terms of timeliness (e.g. time lag between last update of the sampling frame and the moment of the actual sampling), geographical coverage, coverage of different subpopulations, data available etc., and any measures taken to correct it, for this survey.
Data on the number of employees and financial data within the sampling frame refer to 2022 since these data for 2023 are available at the end of July 2024. Updating dynamics is defined by SBR department
B) Frame population distribution
More detailed information is available in “ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ (Worksheet: FRAME POPULATION)
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annual
18.3. Data collection
See detailed sections below.
18.3.1. Survey period
Survey / Collection
Date of sending out questionnaires
Date of reception of the last questionnaire treated
General survey
01 April 2024
15 April 2024
Micro-enterprises
Not included
Not included
18.3.2. Survey vehicle – general survey
General survey - Stand-alone survey
18.3.3. Survey vehicle – micro-enterprises
The collection of micro-enterprises was not integrated with the general survey
18.3.4. Survey type
Data for the Survey on the use of ICT enterprises are collected by using the CATI method, and by mail. The data are collected directly from the selected reporting units from the sample through a telephone interview or by sending a questionnaire to businesses via mail.
18.3.5. Survey participation
Mandatory
18.4. Data validation
Data quality checks are done by manual revision of questionnaires and procedures of logical control. Collected data are first checked and verified during the process of data entering. After that quality checking is carried out by using a set of strict manual and electronic logical and calculation controls. Reports that fail to meet the quality standards are subject to verification and are corrected as required.
Obtained results from the actual reporting period are compared with the previous and the corresponding reporting period of the previous year.
Before sending data to Eurostat, data was verified on the Acceptance platform of eDAMIS.
18.5. Data compilation
Grossing-up procedures
Correction of initial weights is usually done, taking into account non-response.
Estimates were calculated by using the "survey" package (containing functions for calculating HT estimates) within the "R" environment.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable
Problems encountered and lessons to be learnt: No specific problems were encountered.
19.1. Documents
Questionnaire in national language
X
Questionnaire in English (if available)
X
National reports on methodology (if available)
Will be published by the end of 2024
Analysis of key results, backed up by tables and graphs in English (if available)
Data on the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) usage and e-commerce in enterprises are survey data. They are collected by the National Statistical Institutes or Ministries and are in principle based on Eurostat's annual model questionnaires on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises.
The legal basis for ICT enterprise statistics for survey year 2024 is Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1507 of 20 July 2023 laying down the technical specifications of data requirements for the topic 'ICT usage and e-commerce' for the reference year 2024. Large part of the data collected is used to measure the progress in the implementation of one of the main political priorities of the European Commission for 2019 to 2024 – A Europe fit for the digital age.
Furthermore, ICT data facilitate the monitoring of the EU’s digital targets for 2030, set by the Digital Decade Policy Programme. Four of the key performance indicators (KPIs) of the current programme stem from the statistics for which the implementing and delegated acts are enclosed for adoption: Artificial Intelligence, cloud, big data (data analytics) and the digital intensity index for businesses (DII) - a composite indicator reflecting the digital transformation of business. The aim of the European survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises is to collect and disseminate harmonised and comparable information at European level.
Name of data collection
Survey Use of Information - Communication Technology in Enterprises for the reference year 2024. This is an annual survey on the usage of information and communication technologies (ICT) and provides information on computer usage, usage of the internet, electronic commerce and other ICTs in enterprises
3 April 2025
The model questionnaire on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides a large variety of variables covering among others the following topics:
Access to and use of the Internet;
E-commerce and e-business;
ICT specialists and skills;
ICT security;
Artificial Intelligence.
The annual model questionnaires and the European businesses statistics compliers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises comprise definitions and explanations regarding the topics of the survey.
The reporting units are enterprises with 10 or more employees registered within these economic activities: NACE Rev. 2 sections C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, L, M and N, division 95.1., according to the Classification of Activities (KD BiH 2010) :
Section C – “Manufacturing”;
Section D, E – “Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply” “Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities”;
Section F – “Construction”;
Section G – “Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles”;
Section H – “Transportation and storage”;
Section I – “Accommodation and food service activities”;
Section J – “Information and communication”;
Section L – “Real estate activities”;
Section M – “Professional, scientific and technical activities”;
Section N – "Administrative and support service activities";
Group 95.1 – “Repair of computers and communication equipment”.
Target Population
As required by Annex of the Commission Implementing Regulation, enterprises with 10 or more employees and self-employed persons are covered by the survey.
For micro-enterprises see the sub-concepts below.
Detailed information on the provision of data on NUTS 2 regional level is available in “Annex I. Completeness“.
Data refer to the entire territory of the Bosnia and Herzegovina country.
The reference periods defined in the questionnaire were followed.
Comments on reliability and representativeness of results and completeness of dataset
These comments reflect overall standard errors reported for the indicators and breakdowns in section 13.2.1 (Sampling error - indicators) and the rest of the breakdowns for national and European aggregates, as well as other accuracy measurements. The estimated standard error should not exceed 2pp for the overall proportions and should not exceed 5pp for the proportions related to the different subgroups of the population (for those NACE aggregates for the calculation and dissemination of national aggregates). If problems were found, these could have implications for future surveys (e.g. need to improve sampling design, to increase sample sizes, to increase the response rates).
More detailed information is available in “ Annex II. Accuracy “ - related to European aggregates, comments on reliability and use of flag.
Percentages of enterprises, Percentages of turnover, Percentages of employees and self-employed persons, Million euro (for selected indicators in some countries).
Grossing-up procedures
Correction of initial weights is usually done, taking into account non-response.
Estimates were calculated by using the "survey" package (containing functions for calculating HT estimates) within the "R" environment.
A) Frame population description and distribution
For more information see concept 18.1.1.
B) Sampling design - Sampling method
Description of the sampling method used (e.g. stratified random sample, quota sampling, cluster sampling; one-stage or two-stage sampling) and information which variables were used to stratify, the categories of those variables, in particular for the NACE Rev. 2 categories related to the "possible calculation of European aggregates", and the final number of strata:
The combined sampling method and full coverage were used, depending on the number of employees, i.e. For enterprises with fewer than 100 employees, a stratified random sample was used, while for the rest (number of employees> = 100) a full coverage was taken. The allocation of units within the strata was made using the variability of the number of employees per stratum for the entire target population. The maximum was applied between Neyman's allocation and the obtained Neyman average and the proportional allocation. After this initial allocation, a rule of 10 units per stratum was applied to reduce the number of strata with a small number of units
C) Gross sample distribution
More detailed information is available in “ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ (Worksheet: GROSS SAMPLE)
D) Net sample distribution
More detailed information is available in “ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ (Worksheet: NET SAMPLE)
Annual
See detailed section in the Full metadata report.
The model questionnaire is generally used by the countries that conduct the survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. Due to (small) differences in translation, in the used survey vehicle, in non-response treatment or different routing through the questionnaire, some results for some countries may be of reduced comparability. In these cases, notes are added in the data.
The surveys on the use of ICT in enterprises were conducted in full compliance with the requirements and regulations of the European Commission. The reference year is also harmonized with the European countries as well as the variables collected and to be transmitted to Eurostat.
Detailed information on differences in the wording of the questions in the national questionnaires is available in “ Annex I. Completeness “ - worksheets related to questionnaire, coverage, additional questions.
Comparability between regions:
Detailed information on the provision of data on NUTS 2 regional level is available in “Annex I. Completeness“ – worksheets related to regional data.
