Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Senior statistician specializing in Environmental statistics and accounts
1.5. Contact mail address
Lamačská cesta 3/C, 840 05 Bratislava 45, Slovakia
1.6. Contact email address
Eva.Smelkova@statistics.sk
1.7. Contact phone number
+421 2 50 236 782
1.8. Contact fax number
-
2.1. Metadata last certified
29 September 2023
2.2. Metadata last posted
29 September 2023
2.3. Metadata last update
29 September 2023
3.1. Data description
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) is one module of the European environmental-economic accounts - Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI. PEFA record the flows of energy (in terajoules) from the environment to the economy (natural inputs), within the economy (products), and from the economy back to the environment (residuals), using the accounting framework of physical supply and use tables.
PEFA provide information on energy flows arranged in a way fully compatible with concepts, principles, and classifications of national accounts – thus enabling integrated analyses of environmental, energy and economic issues e.g. through environmental-economic modelling. PEFA complement the traditional energy statistics, balances and derived indicators which are the main reference data source for EU energy policies.
This national metadata refers to the PEFA questionnaire delivered to Eurostat: data on supply (table A), use (table B), transformation use (table B1), end use (table B2) and emission-relevant use (table C), key indicators of physical energy flow accounts by NACE Rev. 2 activity (table D), and physical energy flow accounts totals bridging to energy balances totals (table E).
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) datasets have the following dimensions:
Supply and use tables (STK_FLOW): the elements of this dimension are the five tables detailing energy supply (questionnaire table A) and use; the total energy use (table B) is the sum of transformation use (table B1) and end use (table B2), and a certain part of it is emission relevant (table C).
Energy product (PROD_NRG): (not relevant for questionnaire table D and E) The flows of energy recorded in PEFA are broadly grouped into natural energy inputs (flows from environment to economy), energy products (flows within economy), and energy residuals (flows from economy to environment mainly). Each of these generic groups is further broken down. In total this dimension distinguishes 31 items which are regulated in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/172.
Classification of economic activities - NACE Rev.2 (NACE_R2): (not relevant for questionnaire table E) The supply and use of energy flows is broken down by NACE classification of economic activities. The aggregation level used is A*64 (i.e. 64 branches), fully compatible with ESA supply and use tables. Furthermore, this dimension includes private households, accumulation (e.g. product inventories), the rest of the world economy for imports and exports, and the environment.
Indicators (INDIC_PEFA): (only relevant for questionnaire tables D and E): Various key indicators that can be derived from the physical supply and use tables and so-called 'bridging-items' which present the various elements explaining the differences between the national totals as reported by PEFA vis-a-vis the national totals as reported by Eurostat's energy balances.
Geopolitical entity (GEO): EU Member States, EFTA countries, candidate countries, and potential candidates.
Period of time (TIME): Energy flow data are annual.
Unit (UNIT): Energy flows are reported in Terajoules.
3.3. Coverage - sector
The data set covers the entire national economy as defined in national accounts (ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04), as well as its physical relation to economies in the rest of the world and the environment.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) are conceptually rooted in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) which is an international statistical standard. The SEEA central framework provides standard concepts, definitions, classifications, accounting rules and tables for the provision of statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy. PEFA constitute satellite accounts to the National Accounts (NA). Hence, the statistical concepts and definitions of PEFA are derived from those of NA. As far as applicable PEFA is also compliant with the statistical concepts and definitions internationally established for energy statistics: the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES). Three concepts are essential to PEFA: 1) The concept of three generic types of energy flows as established in SEEA, namely: a) natural energy inputs: flows from the natural environment into the economy such as fossil energy carriers in solid, liquid and gaseous form, biomass, solar radiation, kinetic energy in form of hydro and wind, geothermal heat etc.; b) energy products: output flows from production processes as defined in national accounts (ESA); typically products produced by extractive industries, refineries, power plants etc.; c) energy residuals: mainly energy in form of dissipative heat arising from the end use of energy products, flowing from the economy into the natural environment. 2) The accounting framework of (physical) supply and use tables as established in NA and SEEA; 3) The residence principle as established in NA and SEEA, i.e. PEFA records energy flows related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.
3.5. Statistical unit
Data refer to activities of resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA), including households.
3.6. Statistical population
The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA); i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units (see ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.
3.7. Reference area
Slovakia.
3.8. Coverage - Time
2014-2021
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
The unit of measure is terajoule (TJ).
The data refer to the calendar year.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
PEFA are legally covered by Regulation (EC) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts as amended by Regulation (EU) No. 538/2014. EEEA currently include six modules (air emissions accounts, environmentally related taxes by economic activity, economy-wide material flow accounts, environmental protection expenditure accounts, environmental goods and services sector accounts, and physical energy flow accounts).
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Not applicable.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
The national rules for protection of confidential data in energy statistics are the following: the values are considered confidential if they include data on less than 3 subjects and the subjects have not given consent to disseminate data or data are not available for public from other sources.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Submitted PEFA questionnaires for Slovakia don't contain confidential statistical data (no data are flagged as "confidential").
8.1. Release calendar
Not applicable. PEFA are not included in the First release calendar of the Statistical Office of the SR.
Statistical Office of the SR has implemented the Quality Management System (QMS) which is based on the International Standardization Organization standard - ISO 9001. The QMS has been certified by the certification body every three years starting with 2006. Respecting the process approach principle and Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) model, the system covers issues related to management, resources, operation and measurement, analysis and improvement. The system has been enhanced by the inclusion of requirements of the European Statistics Code of Practice and of selected elements of other advanced quality management systems. The QMS is described in the Quality manual (only available in Slovak). The application of the quality manual in practice ensures that all activities that have an impact on the quality of statistical products are planned, managed, examined and assessed.
The quality of PEFA data for Slovakia is satisfactory and we continually work on improvement of this statistics.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
PEFA is provided to the experts from the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute for analytical purposes. Other than that, we haven't noticed any specific demands for this statistical product from national users.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
PEFA data produced for transmission to Eurostat (under the regulation on environmental accounts) satisfy the needs of national users.
12.3. Completeness
Submitted PEFA data for Slovakia are complete for tables A, B, C and meet the requirements of the regulation on environmental accounts. Data on bridging items in table E are not available/not reported.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Use of reliable data sources, application of proper methods for data compilation and checks of compiled data within validation process ensure good quality of reported PEFA data.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.1. Coverage error
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.3. Non response error
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.4. Processing error
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
14.1. Timeliness
Transmission deadline for PEFA data is 21 months after the end of the reference year. PEFA questionnaire 2023 (ref. year 2021) for Slovakia was compiled by given deadline.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Not applicable.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
T+21 months.
14.2. Punctuality
The transmission deadline for PEFA data according the regulation on environmental accounts, Annex VI (t+21 months) was met.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Data on PEFA are compiled according to international guidelines and insofar comparable. Application of the PEFA Builder tool ensures comparability to a certain extent.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
Please see the table in 15.2.1.1.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.
15.2.1.1. Comparability - over time detailed
Please use below table for explaining b)-flags (breaks in time series):
Year (of the break in series)
Questionnaire table(s)
Columns (NACE Rev. 2 activity, households etc.)
Rows (natural energy inputs, energy products, energy residuals)
Reason for' break in time series'
2015
Table B
NACE H49 and NACE H51
row P14
application of different methods
2016
Table B
HH_OTH
row P26
use of new data source
2019
Table C
HH_HEAT
row P23
use of new data source
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
See the sub-concepts 15.3.1-15.3.8.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable; reported PEFA data are only annual.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
The data are coherent with principles, definitions and concepts in National Accounts (ESA) and satellite System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA).
15.3.3. Do you cooperate with national colleagues compiling AEA?
Yes, we cooperate with the colleagues from Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMI) that are responsible for compiling the AEA.
One of the objectives of grant project carried out by the SHMI during 2021-2022 was improving coherence between AEA and PEFA modules in road transport fuels.
15.3.4. Are there compilation elements that PEFA compilers jointly undertake with AEA compilers (e.g. distribution of road transport fuel use and emissions by NACE)?
We plan to apply the information (matrix) derived from AEA for distribution of road transport fuel use in PEFA. But there are some issues in that matter that needs to be resolved first.
15.3.5. Do you report in PEFA imports and exports according to the SEEA-CF concepts for trade in goods (see SEEA-CF section 3.3.3, paras. 3.121 ff., and para. 1.46)?
The data on import and export reported in PEFA are in line with data from energy statistics.
15.3.6. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between your PEFA data on air transport versus OECD's data on CO2-emissions of air transport?
No
15.3.7. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between PEFA data points and corresponding data points in energy statistics (see PEFA validation rules)?
PEFA is compiled on the basis of data from energy statistics (5 Annual Energy Questionnaires), therefore PEFA data should be in line with energy statistics.
15.3.8. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between PEFA data points and the corresponding data points in economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) (see PEFA validation rules)?
Yes
15.4. Coherence - internal
Eurostat's validation procedures should ensure full internal consistency, at least for the mandatory data points.
3 Person Months
17.1. Data revision - policy
Final verified data are submitted to Eurostat, preliminary data are not reported therefore no regular/planned revisions are performed on PEFA data.
17.2. Data revision - practice
In case that some revisions are necessary, the concerned data are revised in the next round of PEFA submission.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.
18.1. Source data
Data sources used to produce physical energy flow accounts are described in the following sub-concepts.
18.1.1. Which are the main data sources you employ for the use of natural energy inputs (i.e. who is extracting)?
The main data source is energy statistics, specifically the following statistical surveys: Annual statistical survey on renewable fuel and energy resources (Energ 3-01), Annual statistical survey on production of electricity and heat (Energ 4-01), Annual statistical survey on resources and distribution of fuels and energy (Energ 6-01).
18.1.2. Which are the main data sources you employ for supply of energy products (e.g. electricity, refinery products etc.)?
The main data source is energy statistics, specifically the following statistical surveys: Annual statistical survey on production of liquid oil fuels (Energ 2-01), Annual statistical survey on renewable fuel and energy resources (Energ 3-01), Annual statistical survey on production of electricity and heat (Energ 4-01), Annual statistical survey on resources and distribution of fuels and energy (Energ 6-01).
18.1.3. Which are the main data sources you employ for the transformation use by energy transforming entities (NACE 2-digit divisions)?
The main data source is energy statistics, specifically the following statistical surveys: Annual statistical survey on production of liquid oil fuels (Energ 2-01), Annual statistical survey on renewable fuel and energy resources (Energ 3-01), Annual statistical survey on production of electricity and heat (Energ 4-01), Annual statistical survey on resources and distribution of fuels and energy (Energ 6-01).
18.1.4. Which are the main data sources you employ for the end use by end user entities (including non-energy use)?
The same as in 18.1.3. and in addition: a) model developed to fulfil requirements under the regulation 1099/2008 on energy statistics - source of information on share of electricity and natural gas used for heating and other activities in households (HH), b) data from SIEA (Slovak Innovation and Energy Agency) which operates the Energy Efficiency Monitoring System.
18.1.5. Which auxiliary data do you use to develop 'distribution keys' to assign energy use to the detailed breakdown of production activities (NACE 2-digit divisions) and categories of household consumption?
"Distribution keys" to assign energy use to the detailed breakdown of service sector are derived on the basis of auxiliary data obtained from the annual statistical survey on business statistics in enterprises with 20 and more employees - module on specification of material and energy consumption and stocks by CPA codes (in EUR).
18.1.6. Do you use the PEFA builder? If yes: for populating the PEFA Tables, or for control only?
PEFA builder is used for populating tables A, B and C. Subsequently the data in tables B and C are adjusted (manually) on the basis of available information from energy statistics, business statistics and energy efficiency database.
18.1.7. Which data sources do you use to make adjustments for the residence principle?
Data are not adjusted for the residence principle, as yet.
We need still some time to develop a method for calculating bridging items. We are working on this task in cooperation with colleagues from the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
The source data from energy statistics used for compiling the PEFA are collected on annual basis.
PEFA questionnaires are compiled annually.
18.3. Data collection
PEFA are compiled by using data from already existing data sources listed in the sub-concepts of 18.1 "Source data". No specific statistical survey for the purpose of PEFA is carried out.
18.4. Data validation
The source data from energy statistics are checked and validated within the process of data collection and production of basic outputs.
We use the built-in checking tool which is available in the questionnaire.
18.5. Data compilation
See the sub-concepts 18.5.1-18.5.5.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable.
18.5.2. Do you assign all supply of electricity and heat to NACE D35, or do you assign some to other NACE divisions than D35? Is the assignment you did fully aligned to the ESA monetary supply table submitted by your country?
All supply of electricity and heat is assigned to NACE D35.
18.5.3. Which method do you use for the allocation of road transport energy use to NACE industries and households?
The PEFA Builder is used for allocation of road transport energy use, as yet.
We plan to apply the information (matrix) derived from AEA for distribution of road transport fuel use in PEFA. But there are some issues in that matter that needs to be resolved first.
18.5.4. Which method do you use for the allocation of energy use to detailed service industries (i.e. NACE 2-digit divisions 55-98)?
First, we use the PEFA Builder for populating tables B and C on energy use. Subsequently, we adjust (manually) the data in these two tables on the basis of available information from energy statistics, business statistics and energy efficiency database.
18.5.5. How do you ensure a coherent assignment of energy use to economic activities (i.e. the use of energy products by a given production activity (NACE A*64 division) reported in PEFA must be coherent with the emissions reported in AEA)?
PEFA is consistent with the part of AEA related to greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in energy, industry and household sectors. For compilation of this part of AEA, the energy-first approach is applied, which is based on fuel balance included in the annual energy balance based on ENERG surveys elaborated by the Statistical Office of the SR (the same data source is used in PEFA compilation).
As regards other parts of AEA (GHGs emissions in agriculture and waste sector, air pollutants emissions), consistency is limited since for compilation of these parts of AEA, the inventory-first approach is used.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable.
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) is one module of the European environmental-economic accounts - Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI. PEFA record the flows of energy (in terajoules) from the environment to the economy (natural inputs), within the economy (products), and from the economy back to the environment (residuals), using the accounting framework of physical supply and use tables.
PEFA provide information on energy flows arranged in a way fully compatible with concepts, principles, and classifications of national accounts – thus enabling integrated analyses of environmental, energy and economic issues e.g. through environmental-economic modelling. PEFA complement the traditional energy statistics, balances and derived indicators which are the main reference data source for EU energy policies.
This national metadata refers to the PEFA questionnaire delivered to Eurostat: data on supply (table A), use (table B), transformation use (table B1), end use (table B2) and emission-relevant use (table C), key indicators of physical energy flow accounts by NACE Rev. 2 activity (table D), and physical energy flow accounts totals bridging to energy balances totals (table E).
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) are conceptually rooted in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) which is an international statistical standard. The SEEA central framework provides standard concepts, definitions, classifications, accounting rules and tables for the provision of statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy. PEFA constitute satellite accounts to the National Accounts (NA). Hence, the statistical concepts and definitions of PEFA are derived from those of NA. As far as applicable PEFA is also compliant with the statistical concepts and definitions internationally established for energy statistics: the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES). Three concepts are essential to PEFA: 1) The concept of three generic types of energy flows as established in SEEA, namely: a) natural energy inputs: flows from the natural environment into the economy such as fossil energy carriers in solid, liquid and gaseous form, biomass, solar radiation, kinetic energy in form of hydro and wind, geothermal heat etc.; b) energy products: output flows from production processes as defined in national accounts (ESA); typically products produced by extractive industries, refineries, power plants etc.; c) energy residuals: mainly energy in form of dissipative heat arising from the end use of energy products, flowing from the economy into the natural environment. 2) The accounting framework of (physical) supply and use tables as established in NA and SEEA; 3) The residence principle as established in NA and SEEA, i.e. PEFA records energy flows related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.
Data refer to activities of resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA), including households.
The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA); i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units (see ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.
Slovakia.
The data refer to the calendar year.
Use of reliable data sources, application of proper methods for data compilation and checks of compiled data within validation process ensure good quality of reported PEFA data.
The unit of measure is terajoule (TJ).
See the sub-concepts 18.5.1-18.5.5.
Data sources used to produce physical energy flow accounts are described in the following sub-concepts.
PEFA data are not disseminated at national level.
Transmission deadline for PEFA data is 21 months after the end of the reference year. PEFA questionnaire 2023 (ref. year 2021) for Slovakia was compiled by given deadline.
Data on PEFA are compiled according to international guidelines and insofar comparable. Application of the PEFA Builder tool ensures comparability to a certain extent.
