Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia

Environmetal statistics and accounts division

5, Milana Rakica Street, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) is one module of the European environmental-economic accounts - Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI. PEFA record the flows of energy (in terajoules) from the environment to the economy (natural inputs), within the economy (products), and from the economy back to the environment (residuals), using the accounting framework of physical supply and use tables.

PEFA provide information on energy flows arranged in a way fully compatible with concepts, principles, and classifications of national accounts – thus enabling integrated analyses of environmental, energy and economic issues e.g. through environmental-economic modelling. PEFA complement the traditional energy statistics, balances and derived indicators which are the main reference data source for EU energy policies.

This national metadata refers to the PEFA questionnaire delivered to Eurostat: data on supply (table A), use (table B), transformation use (table B1), end use (table B2) and emission-relevant use (table C), key indicators of physical energy flow accounts by NACE Rev. 2 activity (table D), and physical energy flow accounts totals bridging to energy balances totals (table E).

The PEFA questionnaire is available on Eurostat's website: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/environment/methodology

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) datasets have the following dimensions:

1. Supply and use tables (STK_FLOW): the elements of this dimension are the five tables detailing energy supply (questionnaire table A) and use; the total energy use (table B) is the sum of transformation use (table B1) and end use (table B2), and a certain part of it is emission relevant (table C).
2. Energy product (PROD_NRG): (not relevant for questionnaire table D and E) The flows of energy recorded in PEFA are broadly grouped into natural energy inputs (flows from environment to economy), energy products (flows within economy), and energy residuals (flows from economy to environment mainly). Each of these generic groups is further broken down. In total this dimension distinguishes 31 items which are regulated in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/172.
3. Classification of economic activities - NACE Rev.2 (NACE_R2): (not relevant for questionnaire table E) The supply and use of energy flows is broken down by NACE classification of economic activities. The aggregation level used is A*64 (i.e. 64 branches), fully compatible with ESA supply and use tables. Furthermore, this dimension includes private households, accumulation (e.g. product inventories), the rest of the world economy for imports and exports, and the environment.
4. Indicators (INDIC_PEFA): (only relevant for questionnaire tables D and E): Various key indicators that can be derived from the physical supply and use tables and so-called 'bridging-items' which present the various elements explaining the differences between the national totals as reported by PEFA vis-a-vis the national totals as reported by Eurostat's energy balances.
5. Geopolitical entity (GEO): EU Member States, EFTA countries, candidate countries, and potential candidates. 
6. Period of time (TIME): Energy flow data are annual.
7. Unit (UNIT): Energy flows are reported in Terajoules.

The data set covers the entire national economy as defined in national accounts (ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04), as well as its physical relation to economies in the rest of the world and the environment.

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) are conceptually rooted in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) which is an international statistical standard. The SEEA central framework provides standard concepts, definitions, classifications, accounting rules and tables for the provision of statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy.
PEFA constitute satellite accounts to the National Accounts (NA). Hence, the statistical concepts and definitions of PEFA are derived from those of NA.
As far as applicable PEFA is also compliant with the statistical concepts and definitions internationally established for energy statistics: the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES).
Three concepts are essential to PEFA:
1) The concept of three generic types of energy flows as established in SEEA, namely:
a) natural energy inputs: flows from the natural environment into the economy such as fossil energy carriers in solid, liquid and gaseous form, biomass, solar radiation, kinetic energy in form of hydro and wind, geothermal heat etc.;
b) energy products: output flows from production processes as defined in national accounts (ESA); typically products produced by extractive industries, refineries, power plants etc.;
c) energy residuals: mainly energy in form of dissipative heat arising from the end use of energy products, flowing from the economy into the natural environment.
2) The accounting framework of (physical) supply and use tables as established in NA and SEEA;
3) The residence principle as established in NA and SEEA, i.e. PEFA records energy flows related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.

Data refer to activities of resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA), including households.

The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA); i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units (see ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.

The reference area is the economic territory as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.

Data cover in general 2016 -2021.

Not applicable.

The unit of measure is terajoule (TJ).

The data refer to the calendar year.

PEFA are legally covered by Regulation (EC) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts as amended by Regulation (EU) No. 538/2014. EEEA currently include six modules (air emissions accounts, environmentally related taxes by economic activity, economy-wide material flow accounts, environmental protection expenditure accounts, environmental goods and services sector accounts, and physical energy flow accounts).

Not applicable.

Data confidentiality is stipulated by:

- Official Statistics Law (Official Gazette of RS, number 104/2009), Articles 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, and 49.

(www.stat.gov.rs/media/2322/zakon_o_statisticie.pdf)

- Rulebook on statistical data protection in the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia

(www.stat.gov.rs/media/2343/rulebook-on-statistical-data-protection-in-sors.doc ) 

- Guidelines on measures of data and information protection in the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia

(www.stat.gov.rs/media/2341/guidelines-on-measures-of-data-and-information-protection-in-the-sors.doc )

Confidentiality is based on the principles according to the Official Statistics Law (“Official Gazette of RS” no. 104/09).

Confidential data are not published.

Data are published in line with Release Calendar.

Data are published in line with Release Calendar.

Data are published in line with Release Calendar.

Every year data transmit to Eurostat by 30 September, with a timeliness of T+21 months.

Not applicable.

Statistical release: https://www.stat.gov.rs/vesti/statisticalrelease/?p=13808&a=25&s=2504

Special publication: https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2021/Pdf/G20216004.pdf

Via data base.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

On request, the access to anonymized microdata is ensured to scientific and research institutions.

Not applicable.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Information is available on Eurostat's website (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/environment/methodology)

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Quality report are provided, according to Regulation 691/2011.

The SORS quality management system is relied on the Serbian official statistics mission and vision, as well as on the European Statistics Code of Practice – CoP and the Total Quality Management – TQM principles, which together make the common quality framework of the European Statistical System (ESS).

Not applicable.

Physical energy flow accounts interested in the the interaction between the economy and the environment as regards the transfer and use of energy in its various forms.

The relevance of PEFA is enhanced by using a conceptual framework consistent with National Accounts, which allows, e.g. to put in relation with estimates of production, value added, employment, GDP, etc

On biennial basis (once in two years), by the means of web interview, implemented is the User Satisfaction Survey. The survey results are available at SORS website: http://www.stat.gov.rs/en-US/o-nama/sistem-upravljanja-kvalitetom.

The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia has provided all mandatory variables for the Physical energy flow accounts according to Regulation 691/2011 EC.

Data are available from 2016-2021.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Not applicable.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Every year data transmit to Eurostat by 30 September, with a timeliness of T+21 months.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Data on PEFA are compiled according to international guidelines and  insofar comparable. Application of the PEFA Builder tool ensures comparability to a certain extent.

Not applicable.

No breaks.

Please see the table in 15.2.1.1.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Please use below table for explaining b)-flags (breaks in time series):

The data are coherent with principles, definitions and concepts in National Accounts (ESA - European System of Accounts) and Environmental Accounting (SEEA - System of Environmental-Economic Accounting).

It is important that air emissions accounts (AEA) and physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) employ the same groupings of elementary economic units (NACE Rev. 2 activities) as the ESA supply and use tables. This coherence is important with regards to integrated analyses (e.g. applying Leontief-type input-output analysis).

 Compilers of AEA and PEFA are advised to contact and align with compilers of ESA supply and use tables with the aim to ensure highest coherence between AEA, PEFA and ESA supply and use tables.

Not applicable; reported PEFA data are only annual.

Not applicable.

Yes.

The allocation of energy use in road transport to NACE and households has not been done. There is currently insufficient data for road transport. The number of vehicles are only available.

No.

SORS did not make a comparison, because we don´t have available data for GHG on national level since 2014.

Yes.

No.

Eurostat's validation procedures should ensure full internal consistency, at least for the mandatory data points.

Not applicable.

The SORS general revision policy constitutes the global frame ensuring that each statistical domain shall define its own revision policy in compliance with its specific nature. 

If Eurostat's tool PEFA Builder update, the data in PEFA questionnaire revised for for the complete time series. In 2023 it was used PEFA Builder ver. 5.7.1.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Data sources used to produce physical energy flow accounts are described in the following sub-concepts.

Main source are 5 annual Joint Questionnaires for Energy Statistics.

Main source are 5 annual Joint Questionnaires for Energy Statistics.

Main source are 5 annual Joint Questionnaires for Energy Statistics.

Main source are 5 annual Joint Questionnaires for Energy Statistics.

In addition, supply-use tables of energy products (more detailed division). Auxiliary data used to develop 'distribution keys' to assign energy use to the detailed breakdown of production activities (NACE 2-digit divisions) and categories of household consumption are supply-use tables (SUT) and data from Disaggregated final energy consumption in households. Based on data on household assets used for transportation, heating and cooling and other purposes the shares was calculated and allocate households energy use.

Yes, PEFA Builder (and NACE Breakdown tool) was used for calculating data and populating PEFA tables.

National transport statistics (air transport) used. The adjustment to the resident principle was done only for air transport. The obtained data (amount of kerosene sold to domestic airlines and to foreign airline companies) was used in callculation. Data on energy consumption in water transport are available but a negligible and  calculation on the resident principle for water transport in such a situation not made. Data for road transport not availabile.

 Data are collected annually.

Data are collected by means of a questionnaire (deadline 30 September). Data collection is regulated in Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI.

Respondents are given access to a supporting tool for the calculation of PEFA from energy statistics (PEFA Builder).

Data are extensively checked via a validation procedure using IT tools for the checking of formal compliance, consistency and plausibility.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

The assignment of supply of elecricity and heat to other than D35 divisions was made. Data for AutoProducers from  annual Joint Questionnaires for energy (JQ), was used and instructions from "Electricity and heat annual questionnaire". The assigment is not aligned with ESA monetray supply table.

The allocation of energy use in road transport to NACE and households has not been done. There is currently insufficient data for road transport. The number of vehicles are only available.

Auxiliary data used to develop 'distribution keys' to assign energy use to the detailed breakdown of production activities (NACE 2-digit divisions) and categories of household consumption are supply-use tables (SUT) and data from Disaggregated final energy consumption in households. Based on data on household assets used for transportation, heating and cooling and other purposes the shares was calculated and allocate households energy use.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.