Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Statistical Office in Rzeszów and and The Energy Market Agency
1.3. Contact name
Katarzyna Kapica and Iwona Moskal
1.4. Contact person function
Head of centre for energy statistics and Head of the international statistics team
1.5. Contact mail address
ul. Jana III Sobieskiego 10, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland ul. Bobrowiecka 3, 00-728 Warszawa, Poland
1.6. Contact email address
k.kapica@stat.gov.pl; iwona.moskal@are.waw.pl
1.7. Contact phone number
48 17 853 52 10, 48 22 444 20 00
1.8. Contact fax number
Not available
2.1. Metadata last certified
11 July 2022
2.2. Metadata last posted
30 September 2023
2.3. Metadata last update
30 September 2023
3.1. Data description
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) is one module of the European environmental-economic accounts - Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI. PEFA record the flows of energy (in terajoules) from the environment to the economy (natural inputs), within the economy (products), and from the economy back to the environment (residuals), using the accounting framework of physical supply and use tables.
PEFA provide information on energy flows arranged in a way fully compatible with concepts, principles, and classifications of national accounts – thus enabling integrated analyses of environmental, energy and economic issues e.g. through environmental-economic modelling. PEFA complement the traditional energy statistics, balances and derived indicators which are the main reference data source for EU energy policies.
This national metadata refers to the PEFA questionnaire delivered to Eurostat: data on supply (table A), use (table B), transformation use (table B1), end use (table B2) and emission-relevant use (table C), key indicators of physical energy flow accounts by NACE Rev. 2 activity (table D), and physical energy flow accounts totals bridging to energy balances totals (table E).
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) datasets have the following dimensions:
Supply and use tables (STK_FLOW): the elements of this dimension are the five tables detailing energy supply (questionnaire table A) and use; the total energy use (table B) is the sum of transformation use (table B1) and end use (table B2), and a certain part of it is emission relevant (table C).
Energy product (PROD_NRG): (not relevant for questionnaire table D and E) The flows of energy recorded in PEFA are broadly grouped into natural energy inputs (flows from environment to economy), energy products (flows within economy), and energy residuals (flows from economy to environment mainly). Each of these generic groups is further broken down. In total this dimension distinguishes 31 items which are regulated in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/172.
Classification of economic activities - NACE Rev.2 (NACE_R2): (not relevant for questionnaire table E) The supply and use of energy flows is broken down by NACE classification of economic activities. The aggregation level used is A*64 (i.e. 64 branches), fully compatible with ESA supply and use tables. Furthermore, this dimension includes private households, accumulation (e.g. product inventories), the rest of the world economy for imports and exports, and the environment.
Indicators (INDIC_PEFA): (only relevant for questionnaire tables D and E): Various key indicators that can be derived from the physical supply and use tables and so-called 'bridging-items' which present the various elements explaining the differences between the national totals as reported by PEFA vis-a-vis the national totals as reported by Eurostat's energy balances.
Geopolitical entity (GEO): EU Member States, EFTA countries, candidate countries, and potential candidates.
Period of time (TIME): Energy flow data are annual.
Unit (UNIT): Energy flows are reported in Terajoules.
3.3. Coverage - sector
The data set covers the entire national economy as defined in national accounts (ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04), as well as its physical relation to economies in the rest of the world and the environment.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) are conceptually rooted in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) which is an international statistical standard. The SEEA central framework provides standard concepts, definitions, classifications, accounting rules and tables for the provision of statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy. PEFA constitute satellite accounts to the National Accounts (NA). Hence, the statistical concepts and definitions of PEFA are derived from those of NA. As far as applicable PEFA is also compliant with the statistical concepts and definitions internationally established for energy statistics: the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES). Three concepts are essential to PEFA: 1) The concept of three generic types of energy flows as established in SEEA, namely: a) natural energy inputs: flows from the natural environment into the economy such as fossil energy carriers in solid, liquid and gaseous form, biomass, solar radiation, kinetic energy in form of hydro and wind, geothermal heat etc.; b) energy products: output flows from production processes as defined in national accounts (ESA); typically products produced by extractive industries, refineries, power plants etc.; c) energy residuals: mainly energy in form of dissipative heat arising from the end use of energy products, flowing from the economy into the natural environment. 2) The accounting framework of (physical) supply and use tables as established in NA and SEEA; 3) The residence principle as established in NA and SEEA, i.e. PEFA records energy flows related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.
3.5. Statistical unit
Data refer to activities of resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA), including households.
3.6. Statistical population
The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA); i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units (see ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.
3.7. Reference area
The national territory of Poland
3.8. Coverage - Time
yearly data for 2014-2021
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
The unit of measure is terajoule (TJ).
The data refer to the calendar year.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
PEFA are legally covered by Regulation (EC) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts as amended by Regulation (EU) No. 538/2014. EEEA currently include six modules (air emissions accounts, environmentally related taxes by economic activity, economy-wide material flow accounts, environmental protection expenditure accounts, environmental goods and services sector accounts, and physical energy flow accounts).
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Not applicable.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
The data are not confidential. The figures are confidential if statistical data obtained in statistical surveys that can be linked and identified with a specific natural person, as well as information and statistical data characterizing the economic and financial results of national economy entities conducting business activities, may not be published or made available if a given aggregation consists of less than three entities or a share of of one entity in a specific ranking is greater than three-quarters of the total.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Confidential data are not presented.
8.1. Release calendar
Not available
8.2. Release calendar access
Not available
8.3. Release policy - user access
Not available
Yearly
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Not available
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Not available
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
Not available
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Not applicable.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Not available
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
Methodology provided by Eurostat is used.
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
Not available
11.1. Quality assurance
The current quality assurance procedures are training, benchmarking, evaluations and the application of best practice. In addition, the most common activities are: self-assessment, peer review, compliance monitoring and quality review of statistical surveys
11.2. Quality management - assessment
The results of the evaluation of the quality of statistical surveys based on standard criteria are positive and will be further improved in the future.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Not available
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Not available
12.3. Completeness
100%
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Data are compared to Eurostat AQ. Time series of each value are checked yearly.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.1. Coverage error
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.3. Non response error
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.4. Processing error
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable to statistical accounts.
14.1. Timeliness
Two years after the reference period.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Not applicable.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Not applicable.
14.2. Punctuality
Not applicable.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Data on PEFA are compiled according to international guidelines and insofar comparable. Application of the PEFA Builder tool ensures comparability to a certain extent.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
Please see the table in 15.2.1.1.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.
15.2.1.1. Comparability - over time detailed
Please use below table for explaining b)-flags (breaks in time series):
Not avaliable
Year (of the break in series)
Questionnaire table(s)
Columns (NACE Rev. 2 activity, households etc.)
Rows (natural energy inputs, energy products, energy residuals)
Reason for' break in time series'
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not avaliable.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable; reported PEFA data are only annual.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
No information
15.3.3. Do you cooperate with national colleagues compiling AEA?
Yes
15.3.4. Are there compilation elements that PEFA compilers jointly undertake with AEA compilers (e.g. distribution of road transport fuel use and emissions by NACE)?
No
15.3.5. Do you report in PEFA imports and exports according to the SEEA-CF concepts for trade in goods (see SEEA-CF section 3.3.3, paras. 3.121 ff., and para. 1.46)?
No
15.3.6. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between your PEFA data on air transport versus OECD's data on CO2-emissions of air transport?
No
15.3.7. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between PEFA data points and corresponding data points in energy statistics (see PEFA validation rules)?
Yes
15.3.8. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between PEFA data points and the corresponding data points in economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) (see PEFA validation rules)?
No
15.4. Coherence - internal
Eurostat's validation procedures should ensure full internal consistency, at least for the mandatory data points.
300 hours (this time does not include working time on Annual Questionnaires)
17.1. Data revision - policy
Before their publication, statistical data are verified each time
17.2. Data revision - practice
Data is corrected when needed, eg. Revision of AQ.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.
18.1. Source data
Data sources used to produce physical energy flow accounts are described in the following sub-concepts.
18.1.1. Which are the main data sources you employ for the use of natural energy inputs (i.e. who is extracting)?
Joint Annual Questionnaires: Oil, Natural Gas, Electricity and Heat, Coal, Renewables and Wastes, Statistics Poland publication "Energy Statistics", Table - Basic (Synthetic) Energy Balance, Questionnaire RAF-2 "Production, Turnover, Inventories as well as Storage Infrastructure and Transmission of Crude Oil, Petroleum Products and Biofuels"
18.1.2. Which are the main data sources you employ for supply of energy products (e.g. electricity, refinery products etc.)?
oint Annual Questionnaires: Oil, Natural Gas, Electricity and Heat, Coal, Renewables and Wastes, Statistics Poland publication "Energy Statistics", Table - Basic (Synthetic) Energy Balance, Questionnaire G-03 "Fuels and Energy Consumption", Questionnaire G-02b "Energy Commodities and heating infrastructure" , Questionnaire G-02o "Renewable heat"
18.1.3. Which are the main data sources you employ for the transformation use by energy transforming entities (NACE 2-digit divisions)?
Questionnaire G-03 "Fuels and Energy Consumption", Questionnaire G-02b "Energy Commodities and heating infrastructure" , Questionnaire G-02o "Renewable heat"
18.1.4. Which are the main data sources you employ for the end use by end user entities (including non-energy use)?
Questionnaire G-03 "Fuels and Energy Consumption", Questionnaire G-02b "Energy Commodities and heating infrastructure" , Questionnaire G-02o "Renewable heat"
18.1.5. Which auxiliary data do you use to develop 'distribution keys' to assign energy use to the detailed breakdown of production activities (NACE 2-digit divisions) and categories of household consumption?
We used specific surveys - household surveys. The division into individual types NACE -2 is made on the basis of unit data on fuel consumption.
18.1.6. Do you use the PEFA builder? If yes: for populating the PEFA Tables, or for control only?
YES - for populating the PEFA Tables.
18.1.7. Which data sources do you use to make adjustments for the residence principle?
Data for the resident principle were adjust using a questionnarie RAF-2 "Production, turnover, inventories as well as storage infrastructure and transmission of crude oil, petroleum products and biofuels" and using "Energy Statisctisc" - Basic (Synthetic) Enenrgy Balance.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Yearly
18.3. Data collection
Data are collected by on-line reporting portals of Statistics Poland and Energy Market Agency. All questionnaires are also avaliable in pdf format in respecting websites.
Some of the questionnaires have a full sample and some are chosen by purpose of the given questionnaire chosen by Nace.
We do not have a questionnaire for the sole purpose of PEFA.
18.4. Data validation
Checks between monthly, quarterly and annual, verification of time series, investigation of outliers. Every year we improve control algorithms of statistical data entered into the form by means of reporting portal. Improving methods of choosing the units. Consultations with responders
18.5. Data compilation
>Weighted average national gas prices are calculated, using the market shares of gas suppliers surveyed, as weighting factors.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable.
18.5.2. Do you assign all supply of electricity and heat to NACE D35, or do you assign some to other NACE divisions than D35? Is the assignment you did fully aligned to the ESA monetary supply table submitted by your country?
We asign all supply of electricity and heat to NACE D35. We do not compare data with ESA monetary supply
18.5.3. Which method do you use for the allocation of road transport energy use to NACE industries and households?
Industries=> Questionnaire G-03 "Fuels and Energy Consumption", Questionnaire G-02b "Energy Commodities and heating infrastructure" , Questionnaire G-02o "Renewable heat" Households => households surveys
18.5.4. Which method do you use for the allocation of energy use to detailed service industries (i.e. NACE 2-digit divisions 55-98)?
We have the consumption volume in the services sector (often a balancing item). We estimate data from reports completed by entities with a specific NACE proportionally to achieve the values reported in AQ
18.5.5. How do you ensure a coherent assignment of energy use to economic activities (i.e. the use of energy products by a given production activity (NACE A*64 division) reported in PEFA must be coherent with the emissions reported in AEA)?
Emission reported in AEA is based on PEFA. Data from nace A*64 come from our questionnaires
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable.
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) is one module of the European environmental-economic accounts - Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI. PEFA record the flows of energy (in terajoules) from the environment to the economy (natural inputs), within the economy (products), and from the economy back to the environment (residuals), using the accounting framework of physical supply and use tables.
PEFA provide information on energy flows arranged in a way fully compatible with concepts, principles, and classifications of national accounts – thus enabling integrated analyses of environmental, energy and economic issues e.g. through environmental-economic modelling. PEFA complement the traditional energy statistics, balances and derived indicators which are the main reference data source for EU energy policies.
This national metadata refers to the PEFA questionnaire delivered to Eurostat: data on supply (table A), use (table B), transformation use (table B1), end use (table B2) and emission-relevant use (table C), key indicators of physical energy flow accounts by NACE Rev. 2 activity (table D), and physical energy flow accounts totals bridging to energy balances totals (table E).
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) are conceptually rooted in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) which is an international statistical standard. The SEEA central framework provides standard concepts, definitions, classifications, accounting rules and tables for the provision of statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy. PEFA constitute satellite accounts to the National Accounts (NA). Hence, the statistical concepts and definitions of PEFA are derived from those of NA. As far as applicable PEFA is also compliant with the statistical concepts and definitions internationally established for energy statistics: the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES). Three concepts are essential to PEFA: 1) The concept of three generic types of energy flows as established in SEEA, namely: a) natural energy inputs: flows from the natural environment into the economy such as fossil energy carriers in solid, liquid and gaseous form, biomass, solar radiation, kinetic energy in form of hydro and wind, geothermal heat etc.; b) energy products: output flows from production processes as defined in national accounts (ESA); typically products produced by extractive industries, refineries, power plants etc.; c) energy residuals: mainly energy in form of dissipative heat arising from the end use of energy products, flowing from the economy into the natural environment. 2) The accounting framework of (physical) supply and use tables as established in NA and SEEA; 3) The residence principle as established in NA and SEEA, i.e. PEFA records energy flows related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.
Data refer to activities of resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA), including households.
The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA); i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units (see ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.
The national territory of Poland
The data refer to the calendar year.
Data are compared to Eurostat AQ. Time series of each value are checked yearly.
The unit of measure is terajoule (TJ).
>Weighted average national gas prices are calculated, using the market shares of gas suppliers surveyed, as weighting factors.
Data sources used to produce physical energy flow accounts are described in the following sub-concepts.
Yearly
Two years after the reference period.
Data on PEFA are compiled according to international guidelines and insofar comparable. Application of the PEFA Builder tool ensures comparability to a certain extent.
