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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Federal Planning Bureau (FPB) |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Sectoral and environmental accounts and analyses |
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1.5. Contact mail address | Federal Planning Bureau Rue Belliard 14-18 1040 Brussels Belgium |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 23/09/2022 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 23/09/2022 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 23/09/2022 |
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3.1. Data description | |||
Air emissions accounts (AEA) record flows of gaseous and particulate materials emitted into the atmosphere as a result of economic activity. AEA are a subset of environmental-economic accounts. They offer a detailed breakdown for 64 emitting economic activities (NACE), plus households, as defined in the national accounts of EU countries. They are aligned with economic statistics and GDP. These features make them suitable for integrated environmental-economic analyses and modelling – for example of 'carbon footprints' and climate-change modelling scenarios. National Statistical Institutes (NSI) submit AEA to Eurostat through a mandatory annual data collection. The data collection includes an electronic questionnaire and this quality report.
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3.2. Classification system | |||
The AEA dataset has the following dimensions: 1) Air pollutant: Emissions to air of the following gaseous and particulate substances are collected (greenhouse gases, air pollutants): Carbon dioxide without emissions from biomass (CO2), Carbon dioxide from biomass (Biomass CO2)*, Nitrous oxide (N2O), Methane (CH4), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) including nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Non-methane volatile organic compounds, (NMVOC), Carbon monoxide (CO), Particulate matter < 10μm (PM10), Particulate matter < 2,5μm (PM2,5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Ammonia (NH3) 2) Geopolitical entity: EU Member States, EFTA Countries, Candidate Countries etc. 3) Economic activities: include 64 production activities (classified by NACE rev.2 A*64), and households’ consumption (3 sub-classes). 4) Time: reference year for which air emissions are reported 5) Unit: tonnes and thousand tonnes |
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3.3. Coverage - sector | |||
The data refer to national economies as defined in the system of national accounts. Greenhouse gases and air pollutants emitted by resident units representing the national economy are covered. |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
Conceptually AEA belong to the international system of environmental economic accounting (SEEA-Central Framework). Furthermore, AEA is one of several physical modules of Eurostat's programme on European environmental economic accounts. It is covered by Regulation (EU) No.691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts. AEA are closely related to concepts and definitions of national accounts. Most notably, they follow the residence principle, i.e. they record emissions related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically. Further methodological guidelines are provided in various publications by Eurostat (see Eurostat website > Environment > Methodology, heading: 'Air emissions accounts'). |
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3.5. Statistical unit | |||
Data refer to emissions by resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA), including households. |
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3.6. Statistical population | |||
The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA), i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units. |
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3.7. Reference area | |||
The reference area is the economic territory as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory. By following this residence principle, the Air Emission Accounts record emissions from resident units' activities, regardless where they occur. This is the main conceptual difference to emission inventories for greenhouse gases (UNFCCC) and air pollutants (CLRTAP). |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | |||
Available data cover the years 2008-2021. Previous reporting included data as from 2000, but data from 2008 were revised. data prior to 2008 ere thus excluded to avoid a break in time series. |
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3.9. Base period | |||
Not applicable because AEA are not reported as indices. |
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The unit of measure is tonnes or thousand tonnes. F-gases (HFC, PFC, SF6 and NF3) are reported in tonnes of CO2 equivalents. SOX are reported in tonnes of SO2 equivalents, and NOX are reported in tonnes of NO2 equivalents. |
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The data refer to calendar years. |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
Air emissions accounts (AEA) are legally covered by Regulation (EU) 691/2011 on European Environmental Economic Accounts. |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Not applicable at national level. |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
Law of 4 July 1962 on public statistics. There are no dataset specific rules. |
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
We don't have any confidential figures in the AEA |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
There is no publicly available release calendar. AEA data are released each year at the end of September after their approval by the scientific committee of the Institute for National Accounts and their ensuing delivery to Eurostat. |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
non-existent |
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8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
AEA data are publicly available on the website of the Federal Planning Bureau. Press releases were edited to deliver those data to the public. |
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Data are disseminated annually. |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
Text for press release was pre-written to send to various Belgian journals. |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
Federal Planning Bureau, Institute for National Accounts, Air Emissions Accounts 2008-2021, September 2023 (available in French and Dutch). https://www.plan.be/publications/publication-2290-nl-luchtemissierekeningen_2008_2020 Annexes: link to AEA database and reports in Dutch and French |
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
Data -> Environmental econonomic accounts and analyses -> Air Emissions Accounts (2008-2020) https://www.plan.be/publications/publication-2290-nl-luchtemissierekeningen_2008_2020 Annexes: link to AEA database and reports in Dutch and French |
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10.3.1. Data tables - consultations | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
no microdata available |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
The AEA data are also disseminated by Eurostat by means of the Eurobase website. |
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10.5.1. Metadata - consultations | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
A detailed description of the methodology can be found in Janssen L. (2013), Air Emissions Accounts for Belgium – Methodology, May, Federal Planning Bureau, Brussels, 20 p. |
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10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
There is no document describing the measures to assure the quality of AEA data apart from the Eurostat quality report |
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Annexes: European Statistics Code of Practice |
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
The AEA standard tables contain in-built plausibility checks, while Eurostat provides a validation procedure. The data are also validated by the scientific committee of the Institute for National Accounts. |
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
No specific management system is used. Quality is assured by the Scientific Committee of the National Accounts Institute. |
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
The Belgian AEA are mainly delivered to researchers working on Input-Output analysis, for example to work on carbon footprint analysis. The data are also delivered to a few universities for modelling purposes. |
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
No measurement |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
The AEA tables are filled for the time period 2008-2021. |
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12.3.1. Data completeness - rate | |||
Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
See Annex 1. Annexes: Annex I |
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13.2. Sampling error | |||
Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey. |
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13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators | |||
Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey. |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.1. Coverage error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.2. Measurement error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.3. Non response error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.4. Processing error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.5. Model assumption error | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
The data set with reference year 2021 was ready half September 2023. This does not imply that at that moment the data were available to the public, though. This is the case only after approval by both the Scientific Committee and the Direction Committee of the Institute for National Accounts. As a consequence, the Belgian AEA are publicly available only at the end of September. |
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14.1.1. Time lag - first result | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.1.2. Time lag - final result | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
All data were delivered on time. |
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14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
AEA are compiled according to harmonised guidelines provided by Eurostat and hence comparable across European countries reporting AEA to Eurostat. |
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15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient | |||
Not applicable. |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | |||
See Annex 2. Annexes: AEA Annex 2 |
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15.2.1. Length of comparable time series | |||
Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method. |
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||
no cross domain checking |
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15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics | |||
Not applicable, because AEA data are annual. |
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15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts | |||
In Belgium, the statistical unit used to build the National and Regional Accounts is the enterprise. And each enterprise is associated with a unique NACE (economic activity). However, the regional air emissions inventories use enterprise establishments as the statistical unit. And each establishment is associated with a particular NACE. Consequently, it is possible that two establishments belonging to the same enterprise have a different NACE at the regional level, while at the national level they both have the same NACE, the one of the enterprise they belong to. Some incoherence may thus appear in the allocation of regionally calculated air emissions to the different industries when national allocation keys are used. Moreover, the regional administrations provide conversion tables which allow us to identify which processes in the regional emissions inventories refer to which industries in the final use table. Data from the NA Supply and Use Tables are used to calculate maritime transport for the entire time series. We use excise duties which are based on the NA system to allocate road transport emissions to the NACEs. |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | |||
Data are internally consistent |
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This year we spent about 1.5 months on the production of the AEA. |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
When data are revised, the entire series is recalculated according to the new methodology. |
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
Regional emissions inventories are revised yearly. Two reports : the National Inventory Report[1] regarding the greenhouse gas inventory and the Informative Inventory Report[2] linked to the LRTAP inventory explain any substantial differences and major evolutions between two subsequent submissions of the air emissions inventories. The calculations based on the OECD database on carbon dioxide emissions caused by air transport were also revised (last year, we had a misconcept between CO2 and CO2-equivalent with those data) |
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17.2.1. Data revision - average size | |||
Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method. |
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18.1. Source data | |||
The AEA are built on three data sets. The first concerns emissions data, the second economic data, and the third transport data :
1. Emissions data 1.1. Regional emissions inventories (CLRTAP, CRF, F-Gas) 1.2. National emissions inventories (CLRTAP, CRF, F-Gas)
2.1.National accounts (Supply and use tables, excise duties on fuels) 2.2.Regional accounts ( Value added, Employment, Disposable income) 2.3. Households Budget Survey (fuel consumptions)
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | |||
yearly |
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18.3. Data collection | |||
no surveys |
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18.4. Data validation | |||
Validation checks are built into the AEA questionnaire. These are applied, after which explanations are added in footnotes where necessary. |
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18.5. Data compilation | |||
no surveys |
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18.5.1. Imputation - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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18.5.2. Method used to allocate emissions to economic activities | |||
If there is no direct link between the emission generating process in the emission inventories and a specific NACE or household category, data are allocated by means of regional employment, regional value added, and product use (SUT), and by means of the allocation of energy use to economic activities in the PEFA, which themselves are based on the regional energy balances. |
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18.5.3. Method used to determine and distribute road transport emissions | |||
Road transport emissions are taken from COPERT 5. In combination with excise duties data (calculated on the basis of the SUT), fuel consumption of the households (calculated on the basis of the Household Budget Survey) and the vehicle ownership database, the emissions are allocated to the different users of different types of fuels. |
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18.5.4. Adjustments for residence principle | |||
- For Road Transport: See Vandernoot V. (2017), Description of Belgian methods of road transport allocation to NACE activities and households - Methodological notes, October, Federal Planning Bureau, Brussels, 7 p.: 171026_Road transport allocation to NACE and HH_Description of Belgian methods.pdf. Since 2017 the input data for the calculation of adjustement to residence principle is not produced by the federal authority anymore. Last data available is used trhough the following years. - For inland waterways, we use the database “Transport by nationality of vessel” published by Eurostat. This dataset measures the inland waterways transport of goods in tonne-kilometres. It allows to filter out the tonne-kilometres performed by Belgian and foreign ships on the Belgian territory and by Belgian ships abroad. Based on these data, we calculate the ratios needed to adjust energy consumption for inland waterways transport to the residence principle. - For maritime transport, data on international bunkers are combined with data from the use table (and prices) and data from the database on gross weight of goods transported to and from main ports, in order to calculate the use of fuel for sea transport by residents and non-residents. - For Air transport the air emissions by resident air transport enterprises until 2013 are calculated directly on the basis of their fuel use, found in the Supply Use Tables. The monetary data are transformed into physical data on the basis of fuel prices. As of 2014 OECD data are available on emissions of carbon dioxide by air transport, with a distinction between residents and non-residents on the territory and abroad. This split of total emissions has been projected backwards to 2008 on the basis of the evolution of resident air transport fuel use in the period 2008-2013. |
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18.6. Adjustment | |||
Not applicable; i.e. in AEA no time series adjustment necessary. |
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18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment | |||
Not applicable. |
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