Pupils and students - enrolments (educ_uoe

Pupils and students - enrolments (educ_uoe_enr)

National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRS)

Compiling agency: Statistisches Bundesamt

Eurostat metadata

Reference metadata

1. Contact
2. Statistical presentation
3. Statistical processing
4. Quality management
5. Relevance
6. Accuracy and reliability
7. Timeliness and punctuality
8. Coherence and comparability
9. Accessibility and clarity
10. Cost and Burden
11. Confidentiality
12. Comment
Related Metadata
Annexes (including footnotes)

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1. Contact

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1.1. Contact organisation

Statistisches Bundesamt

1.2. Contact organisation unit

Education, Research, Culture, Justice

1.5. Contact mail address

65180 Wiesbaden

2. Statistical presentation

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2.1. Data description

NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM

The following documents provide general information on the educational system; please add the relevant links for your country.

General link to Eurydice:

https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/index_en.php_en

National system broad overview:

https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/germany_en

National Education System Description:

National Education System - Provisions regarding language learning:

ANNEX I

Structure of Education and Training Systems:

https://www.kmk.org/fileadmin/Dateien/pdf/Dokumentation/en_2019.pdf

Please, use the box below if you wish to complement or amend the information provided by Eurydice:

Link to the ISCMAP programme and qualification:

Annex II

National link to programmes and qualifications:

https://www.kmk.org/kmk/information-in-english.html

Further information on data flagged ‘d’ in the database is available to download from the Annex of the Metadata page for Education administrative data from 2013 onwards (ISCED 2011):

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/educ_uoe_enr_esms.htm

2.2. Classification system

- International Classification of Education 2011 (ISCED)

- ISCED Fields of Education and Training 2013

- Datenbank der beruflichen Bildungsgänge nach der International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) auf Länderebene (Database of vocational programmes in the Federal Laender)

https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bildung-Forschung-Kultur/Schulen/Methoden/datenbank.html

- Eurostat NUTS Clasification

2.3. Coverage - sector

Formal education in Germany

2.4. Statistical concepts and definitions

Concepts refer to of the ISCED Manual and the Manual for the joint UNESCO-UIS/OECD/EUROSTAT (UOE) data collection on education statistics.

2.5. Statistical unit

Students, entrants, graduates, education personnel, education expenditure, foreign language learning, regional data.

2.6. Statistical population

Formal education programmes that represent at least the equivalent of one semester (or one-half of a school/academic year) of full-time study and are provided within the reporting country’s own territory.

2.7. Reference area

DE1	Baden-Württemberg
DE2	Bayern
DE3	Berlin
DE4	Brandenburg
DE5	Bremen
DE6	Hamburg
DE7	Hessen
DE8	Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
DE9	Niedersachsen
DEA	Nordrhein-Westfalen
DEB	Rheinland-Pfalz
DEC	Saarland
DED	Sachsen
DEE	Sachsen-Anhalt
DEF	Schleswig-Holstein
DEG	Thüringen
DE	Germany (including former GDR from 1991)

2.8. Coverage - Time

For non-finance data: school/academic year.

For finance data: calendar year.

2.9. Base period

Data on students	Refer to the beginning of the school/academic year.
Data on graduates	Period is the school/academic year.
Data on personnel	Refer to the beginning of the school/academic year.
Data on entrants (schools)	Refer to the beginning of the school year.
Data on entrants (academic programmes)	Refer to the beginning of the winter term and the beginning of the summer terms. These data are summed up.
Expenditure data	The base period is the calendar year.

3. Statistical processing

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3.1. Source data

Sources used for data on enrolments
Detailed variables concerned	Name of the source	Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other)	Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
Creches and Kindergarten (ISCED 010 and 020)	Youth Welfare Statistics	Survey	Federal Statistical Office
General schools (ISCED 344, 444)	General school statistics	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Vocational schools (ISCED 244, 254, 344, 351, 353, 354, 444, 453, 454, 554, 655)	Vocational school statistics	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Universities (ISCED 640, 740)	University statistics	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Vocational academies (ISCED 645)	Statistics on Vocational academies	Administrative data. First data collection starting with reference year 2017 (academic year 2016/2017).	Federal Statistical Office
Training of civil servants for the medium level (Beamtenausbildung mittlerer Dienst - ISCED 353)	Statistics on Personnel in the Public Service	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Students in doctoral studies (ISCED 844)	Statistics on students in doctoral studies	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	First pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes	Extrapolated data based on a sample survey	Federal Statistical Office

Sources used for data on entrants
Detailed variables concerned	Name of the source	Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other)	Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
General schools (ISCED 344, 444)	General school statistics	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Vocational schools (ISCED 244, 254, 344, 351, 353, 354, 444, 453, 454, 554, 655)	Vocational school statistics	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Universities (ISCED 640, 740)	University statistics	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Vocational academies (ISCED 645)	Statistics on Vocational academies	Administrative data. First data collection starting with reference year 2017 (academic year 2016/2017).).	Federal Statistical Office
Training of civil servants for the medium level (Beamtenausbildung mittlerer Dienst - ISCED 353)	Statistics on Personnel in the Public Service	Administrative data plus estimation	Federal Statistical Office
Students in doctoral studies (ISCED 844)	Statistic on students in doctoral studies	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	First pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes	Extrapolated data based on a sample survey	Federal Statistical Office

Sources used for data on personnel
Detailed variables concerned	Name of the source	Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other)	Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
Creches and Kindergarten (ISCED 010 and 020)	Youth Welfare Statistics	Survey	Federal Statistical Office
General schools (ISCED 020, 100, 244, 344, 444)	General school statistics	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Vocational schools (ISCED 244, 254, 344, 351, 353, 354, 444, 453, 454, 554, 655)	Vocational school statistics	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Universities (ISCED 640, 740, 844)	University statistics	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Vocational academies (ISCED 645)	Statistics on Vocational academies	Administrative data. First data collection starting with reference year 2017 (academic year 2016/2017).	Federal Statistical Office
Training of civil servants for the medium level (Beamtenausbildung mittlerer Dienst - ISCED 353)	Statistics on Personnel in the Public Service	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	First pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes	Extrapolated data based on a sample survey	Federal Statistical Office

Sources used for data on enrolments at regional level
Detailed variables concerned	Name of the source	Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other)	Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
Creches and Kindergarten (ISCED 010 and 020)	Youth Welfare Statistics	Survey	Federal Statistical Office
General schools (ISCED 020, 100, 244, 344, 444)	General school statistics	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Vocational schools (ISCED 244, 254, 344, 351, 353, 354, 444, 453, 454, 554, 655)	Vocational school statistics	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Universities (ISCED 640, 740)	University statistics	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Vocational academies (ISCED 645)	Statistics on Vocational academies	Administrative data. First data collection starting with reference year 2017 (academic year 2016/2017).	Federal Statistical Office
Training of civil servants for the medium level (Beamtenausbildung mittlerer Dienst - ISCED 353)	Statistics on Personnel in the Public Service	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Students in doctoral studies (ISCED 844)	Statistic on students in doctoral studies	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	First pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes	Extrapolated data based on a sample survey	Federal Statistical Office

Sources used for data on foreign languages learning
Detailed variables concerned	Name of the source	Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other)	Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
General schools (ISCED 100, 244, 344)	General school statistics	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Vocational schools (ISCED 244, 254, 344, 351, 353, 354)	Vocational school statistics	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office

Sources used for data on graduates
Detailed variables concerned	Name of the source	Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other)	Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
General schools (ISCED 344, 444)	General school statistics	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Vocational schools (ISCED 344, 351, 353, 354, 444, 453, 454, 554, 655)	Vocational school statistics	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Universities (ISCED 640, 740, 844)	University statistics	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Training of civil servants for the medium level (Beamtenausbildung mittlerer Dienst - ISCED 353)	Statistics on Personnel in the Public Service	Administrative data plus estimation	Federal Statistical Office
Vocational academies (ISCED 645)	Statistics on Vocational academies	Administrative data. First data collection starting with reference year 2017 (academic year 2016/2017).	Federal Statistical Office
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	Statistics on graduates of Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office

Sources used for data on education expenditure
Detailed variables concerned	Name of the source	Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other)	Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
Personnel costs, material costs and capital expenditures for Kindergartens, schools, universities, ancilliary services, training assistance and corresponding grants	Statistics on public finance data (Jahresrechnungsstatistik)	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Personnel costs, material costs and capital expenditures for universities Personnel costs, material costs and capital expenditures for Vocational academies	Statistics on expenditure of higher education institutions (Hochschulfinanzstatistik) Statistics on expenditure of Vocational academies (Finanzen der Berufsakademien)	Administrative data Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office Federal Statistical Office
Personnel costs, material cost and capital expenditures for Kindergarten and Creches	Sample survey on the expenditure of private early childhood education institutions (Erhebung zu den Einnahmen und Ausgaben von Kindertageseinrichtungen in freier Trägerschaft)	Sample survey	Federal Statistical Office
Personnel costs, material costs and capital expenditures for private schools	Sample survey on the expenditure of private schools (Erhebung zu den Einnahmen und Ausgaben von Schulen in freier Trägerschaft)	Sample survey	Federal Statistical Office
Data on private expenditure for teaching materials, private tutoring etc.	Sample survey of household income and expenditure (Einkommens- und Verbrauchsstichprobe)	Sample survey	Federal Statistical Office
Personal costs, material costs	Statistics on the expenditure for day care programmes of children	Administrative data	Federal Statistical Office
Personnel costs, material cost and capital expenditures for universities	Business statistics of the German National Association for Student Affairs (Geschäftsstatistik des deutschen Studentenwerkes )	Administrative data	German National Association for Student Affairs (Deutsches Studentenwerk )
Private expenditure of students	Social Survey - an empirical analysis of economic and social conditions of students' life, German National Association for Student Affairs (Deutsches Studentenwerk - Sozialerhebung)	Sample survey	German National Association for Student Affairs (Deutsches Studentenwerk )
Enterprise expenditure for the Dual System	Statistics on enterprise expenditure for the Dual System	Sample survey	Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training ( BIBB - Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung)
Government expenditure	Statistics on expenditure of the German Federal Employment Agency (only the expenditure for education is included)	Administrative data	German Federal Employment Agency (Bundesagentur für Arbeit)
Personell costs (pensions), household expenditure, expenditure by private institutions, ancillary services (some data from NA is required for additional estimations	National accounts data	Other	Federal Statistical Office
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	First pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes	Sample survey	Federal Statistical Office

3.2. Frequency of data collection

Annual.

3.3. Data collection

Not available.

3.4. Data validation

Type of data	Detailed variables concerned	ISCED level	Reference year(s)	Data source (internal to UOE or not)	Data type (sample-based or not)	Data source name in English	Reason	Description of the estimation method
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	Data on enrolment, entrants	554, 655	2019		Sample survey	First pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes	Only a complete annual data set on graduates and results on enrolment and entrants from a first pilot study carried out in 2018/2019 are available.	Based on annual results of the statistic on graduates of Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung) and the results from the first pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes carried out in 2018/2019 data for enrolment and entrants had been estimated.
								The main assumption is the relation of the first pilot study and the given number of graduates (1,6 enrolled vs. 1 graduate).
								These results will be forecasted in the the following years by the given numbers of graduates.
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	Data on enrolment, entrants	554, 655	2019		Sample survey	First pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes	Only a complete annual data set on graduates and results on enrolment and entrants from a first pilot study carried out in 2018/2019 are available.	Based on annual results of the statistic on graduates of Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung) and the results from the first pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes carried out in 2018/2019 data for enrolment and entrants had been estimated.
								It is assumed that the age structure for enrolment and entrants are the same as for given distribution of graduates by age. In addition the age structure of enrolment and entrants are estimated two years younger than the given ages for graduates.
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	Data on enrolment, entrants	554, 655	2019		Sample survey	First pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes	Only a complete annual data set on graduates and results on enrolment and entrants from a first pilot study carried out in 2018/2019 are available.	Based on annual results of the statistic on graduates of Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung) and the results from the first pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes carried out in 2018/2019 data for enrolment and entrants had been estimated.
								It is assumed that the structure by field for enrolment and entrants are the same as for given distribution of raduates by field.
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	Data on personnel	554, 655	2019		Sample survey	First pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes	Only a complete annual data set on graduates and results on enrolment and entrants from a first pilot study carried out in 2018/2019 are available.	In the first pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes data for teaching staff were collected by gender and by type of institution, intensity of participation separately.
								It is assumed that the structure of teaching staff by type of institution and intensity of participation by gender is the same as for total teaching staff.

3.5. Data compilation

Weighting methods
Weighted figures for differing reference periods	Weighted figures for differing theoretical ages	Conversion factors from part-time to full-time equivalent (FTE) data
		FTE teachers for health sector schools:
		For health sector schools (2 programmes in ISCED 353 and ISCED 453), there is no information on full-time equivalents for the teaching staff.
		Assuming that the pupil-teacher ratio is comparable to trade and technical schools, the data on full-time equivalents for the teaching staff are estimated by the number of students in these programmes and the pupil-teacher-ratio of trade and technical schools.
		FTE for part-time students at Fachoberschulen and Fachschulen:
		Data on full-time equivalents for students in the two programmes of Fachoberschulen and for Fachschulen are not available.
		For converting part-time data into full-time equivalent data the conversion factor 2 is used (default value).
		The assumption is that 2 part-time students equal one full-time student.
		FTE teachers for university programmes:
		For ISCED 640, 740, 844 data on full-time equivalents for teachers are not available. University statistics provide information on full-time, part-time and marginal part-time work.
		According to to the information of the former university posts statistics, full-time employed academic and creative art staff is taken into account with the conversion factor 1, part-time employed staff with the conversion factor 2 and marginal part-time employed staff by the conversion factor 5.
		It is assumed that 2 PT teachers respectively 5 marginal part-time teachers equal 1 FT teacher.
Number of students adjusted to statistics on educational finance:
The enrolment data adjusted to the financial year t (= calendar year) are calculated by taking 8/12 of the national school year t-1 and 4/12 of the national school year t. E.g., this means the adjusted enrolment data for the financial year t are calculated by taking 8/12 of the enrolment data t (refers to school year t-1/t) and 4/12 of the enrolment data t+1 (refers to school year t/t+1).

Estimations methods used in the UOE questionnaires
Type of data	Detailed variables concerned	ISCED level	Reference year(s)	Data source (internal to UOE or not)	Data type (sample-based or not)	Data source name in English	Reason	Description of the estimation method
Basic estimations
Several types of schools:	ISCED breakdown	020, 100, 244, 254,	2004-		Population-based value	KMK data request,	For several types of schools there are only data on students and teachers as a whole available and not allocated to the different ISCED levels (Gymnasien, Integrierte Gesamtschulen, Freie Waldorfschulen, Sonderschulen, Berufsschulen, Berufsfachschulen, Fachgymnasien, Fachoberschulen).	Replaces the estimation procedure calculated at federal level prior to the introduction of an annual data request on the breakdown of types of schools by educational programmes by the Standing Conference of Ministries of Education and Cultural Affairs in the 16 Länder (KMK). According to the federal structure of the German educational system the Länder Ministries to whom this data request is addressed have additional information on these programmes and can provide a more valid basis for the breakdown of types of schools by educational programmes according to ISCED 2011.
data on students and teachers		344, 351, 353, 354,				Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs of the Länder in the Federal Republic of Germany (KMK), annual data request on breakdown of types of schools
		444, 453, 454,
		554 and 655
Students at Berufsschulen	ISCED breakdown	354, 454	2004-		Population-based value	Federal Statistical Office, Vocational school statistics, statistics on Vocational Training in the Dual System	Data on students in Berufsschulen (to be broken down by 3 different educational programmes - which are allocated at two different levels) are not available by ISCED level. Statistics on vocational training (workplace-based) include information on the previous qualifications of new entrants.	If a new entrant has a qualification of a lower secondary general school (Hauptschulabschluss or intermediate school certificate), he is allocated to ISCED 354, if a new entrants has a university entrance qualification he is allocated to ISCED 444 (second cycle). New entrants who already completed the Dual System for a first time or a full-time vocational school are allocated to ISCED 454 (second cycle). It is assumed that the structure of qualifications of new entrants is the same for all students in Berufsschulen.
Estimations for individual UOE-Tables
Graduates for the future civil servants	Volume of graduates	353	2003-		Population-based value	Federal Statistical Office, statistics on Personnel in the Public Service	Data on graduates for the future civil servants in the medium level are not available.	In the statistics on personnel in the Public Service data on civil servants are available by age for the enrolment. As this programme has a duration of 2 years with only a small number of drop-outs the graduates are estimated as half the enrolment in this programme.
								It is assumed that half of future civil servants in this 2-year programme graduate each year.
Students in the Dual System by age	ISCED breakdown	351, 353, 354, 444, 453, 454	1998-		Population-based value	Federal Statistical Office, Vocational school statistics, ISCED breakdown of Berufsschulen	For the training in the Dual System (which is allocated to 3 different levels) the data by age are only available for the Dual System as a whole and not for the 3 different educational programmes.	The distribution of students by age in the different ISCED levels is estimated by allocating all younger students (up to the age 18) to the first programme in ISCED 354 (beginning at the age 16) and dividing the students aged 19 years and older to the first programme and the two second-cycle programme in ISCED 444 and ISCED 454.
								It is assumed that older students are enrolled in the second cycle programmes at Berufsschulen.
Students in special education by age	ISCED breakdown	100, 244, 344	2004-		Population-based value	Federal Statistical Office, General school statistics; KMK data request	Data on students in special education by age are only available for special education in total and not in a breakdown by ISCED levels.	The distribution of students by age in the different ISCED levels is estimated by splitting students to ISCED levels 100/244/344 (total) and level unknown in a first step. In the second step students by age are estimated in a breakdown by ISCED levels 100/244/344 by filling the given number of ISCED 100 students (KMK data request) with the youngest students, ISCED 244 with the following students by age and putting the oldest students into ISCED 344.
		and level unknown						It is assumed that older students refer to higher ISCED levels.
Number of foreign languages studied	ISCED breakdown	100, 244, 254, 344, 351, 353, 354	2013-		Population-based value	Federal Statistical Office, General school statistics, Vocational school statistics	For about half of the Federal Länder the number of foreign languages studied is not collected up to now.	Data on number of foreign languages studied are available for most of the Federal Laender and have been estimated for the others.
								The unterlying assumption is that number of foreign languages studied in the Länder without these data is the same as in the Länder with data.
Students in special education corresponding to educational finance	ISCED breakdown	100, 244 and 344	1998-		Population-based value	Federal Statistical Office, General school statistics, statistics on educational finance	For Sonderschulen educational expenditure is completely allocated to the ISCED levels100, 244 and 344. On the contrary, in enrolment tables about 70.000 students in Sonderschulen are allocated to "level unknown". These students are mostly mentally handicapped.	For table FIN-STUDENTS all students in Sonderschulen are allocated to ISCED levels 100, 244 and 344 according to the respective share of education expenditure.
Entrants to the Dual System	Volume,	354, 454	2000-		Population-based value	Federal Statistical Office, Vocational school statistics, statistics on Vocational Training in the Dual System, ISCED breakdown of Berufsschulen	Data on students in the first year in Berufsschulen (to be broken down by 3 different educational programmes) do not correspond to the number of new entrants in this type of school, as a lot of new entrants enter directly into the second year due to the consideration of pre-vocational programmes or higher qualifications of general schools.	Statistics on Vocational Training in the Dual System provide data on new entrants to the Dual System.
	ISCED breakdown							First step: These data are used for new entrants. Second step: estimation of ISECD breakdown.
Graduates in the Dual System	Volume,	354, 454	1998-2012		Population-based value	Federal Statistical Office, Vocational school statistics, statistics on Vocational Training in the Dual System, ISCED breakdown of Berufsschulen	Data on graduates at Berufsschulen (to be broken down by 3 different educational programmes) by field (school-based) is not detailed enough to provide data by field of education and training.	Statistics on Vocational Training in the Dual System (workplace-based) provide detailed data on all 350 skilled professions of the Dual System.
	ISCED breakdown							These data can be allocated accurately to the fields of education and training. In the next step these figures are broken down by the different ISCED levels.
							Beginning with school year 2013 (2012/2013) detailed data by field for Berufsschulen are collected and therefore an estimation is no more necessary.
Teachers at general and vocational schools	ISCED breakdown	100, 244, 254,	2004-		Population-based value	Federal Statistical Office, General school statistics, Vocational school statistics, KMK data request	For several types of schools data on full-time and part-time teachers are only available for the total and not broken down by ISCED levels (Gymnasien, Integrierte Gesamtschulen, Freie Waldorfschulen, Sonderschulen, Berufsfachschulen, Fachoberschulen). In addition the KMK data request provides data on the breakdown of full-time equivalents for teachers by ISCED levels.	The figures for full-time and part-time teachers are estimated by using the shares of full-time equivalent teachers by ISCED levels from the KMK-data request.
		344, 351, 353, 354,						It is assumed that the distribution of FT and PT teachers by level is the same as the distribution of FTE teachers by level.
		444, 453, 454,
		554 and 655
Teachers in Berufsschulen	ISCED breakdown	244, 254, 354, 454	1998-		Population-based value	Federal Statistical Office, Vocational school statistics, ISCED breakdown of Berufsschulen	For Berufsschulen data on full-time and part-time teachers are only available for the total and not broken down by ISCED levels.	The figures for full-time and part-time teachers are estimated by using the shares of students by ISCED levels from the ISCED breakdown of Berufsschulen.
								It is assumed that the share of FT and PT teachers by level is the same as the share of students at Berufsschulen by level.
Teachers in vocational schools	Age	244, 254,	1998-		Population-based value	Federal Statistical Office, Vocational school statistics,	Vocational school statistics provide only data for teachers by age groups by type of teaching qualification awarded. In contrast to the situation for general schools, these types of qualifications do not correspond to single types of vocational schools. For each type of vocational school only data on teachers by sex and employment status are available.	The data are allocated to the different types of schools according to the shares of teachers in these types of schools. In the next step these figures are broken down by ISCED levels according to the shares of full-time equivalents from the KMK data request (for the types of schools concerned). This type of distribution appears correct due to the fact that school centres offer several types of schools with different educational programmes in the same building with teachers teaching in all these types of schools.
		344, 351, 353, 354,				KMK data request		It is assumed that the age structure of teachers in vocational schools by ISCED level is the same as for the total of teachers in vocational schools.
		444, 453, 454,
		554 and 655
Teachers in health sector schools	Age	351, 453	1998-		Population-based value	Federal Statistical Office, Vocational school statistics	For health sector schools (2 programmes), information on teaching staff by age is not available. Data on Health sector schools are collected separately from data on vocational schools.	For programmes at health sector schools the age structure of teachers at vocational schools is used (see above).
								It is assumed that the age structure of teachers in vocational schools at health sector schools is the same as for teachers in vocational schools.
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	Data on enrolment, entrants	554, 655, 755	2019-		Sample survey	First pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes	Only a complete annual data set on graduates and results on enrolment and entrants from a first pilot study carried out in 2018/2019 are available.	Based on annual results of the statistic on graduates of Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung) and the results from the first pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes carried out in 2018/2019 data for enrolment and entrants had been estimated.
								The main assumption is the relation of the first pilot study and the given number of graduates (1,6 enrolled vs. 1 graduate).
								These results will be forecasted in the the following years by the given numbers of graduates.
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	Data on enrolment, entrants by age	554, 655, 755	2019-		Sample survey	First pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes	Only a complete annual data set on graduates and results on enrolment and entrants from a first pilot study carried out in 2018/2019 are available.	Based on annual results of the statistic on graduates of Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung) and the results from the first pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes carried out in 2018/2019 data for enrolment and entrants had been estimated.
								It is assumed that the age structure for enrolment and entrants are the same as for given distribution of graduates by age. In addition the age structure of enrolment and entrants are estimated two years younger than the given ages for graduates.
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	Data on enrolment, entrants by field	554, 655, 755	2019-		Sample survey	First pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes	Only a complete annual data set on graduates and results on enrolment and entrants from a first pilot study carried out in 2018/2019 are available.	Based on annual results of the statistic on graduates of Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung) and the results from the first pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes carried out in 2018/2019 data for enrolment and entrants had been estimated.
								It is assumed that the structure by field for enrolment and entrants are the same as for given distribution of raduates by field.
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	Data on personnel	554, 655, 755	2019-		Sample survey	First pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes	Only a complete annual data set on graduates and results on enrolment and entrants from a first pilot study carried out in 2018/2019 are available.	In the first pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes data for teaching staff were collected by gender and by type of institution, intensity of participation separately.
								It is assumed that the structure of teaching staff by type of institution and intensity of participation by gender is the same as for total teaching staff.
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	Data on finance, volume	554, 655, 755	2019-		Sample survey	First pilot study on providers of advanced vocational training programmes	Only average cost rates per participant from a first pilot study carried out in 2018/2019 are available.	The average expenditure is adjusted with the GDP deflator. Total costs are calculated with the average expenditure and the number of students separately for each of the Federal Länder.The assumption is that these cost have the same rate of change as the GDP deflator.
Students and entrants in Berufsfachschulen	ISCED breakdown	244, 254,	2004-		Population-based value	Federal Statistical Office, Vocational school statistics,	Data on entrants respectively students by grade for specialised vocational schools (Berufsfachschulen) are only available as a total and not broken down by ISCED levels. In addition the KMK data request provides data on the breakdown of students by ISCED levels.	Data on entrants/respectively students by grade and ISCED level are estimated by cross tabulation of the breakdown of students (KMK data request) and students by grade at specialised vocational schools (total).
		344, 351, 353, 354,				KMK data request		It is assumed that the distribution of entrants to Berufsfachschulen by ISCED level is the same as for students at Berufsfachschulen..
		444, 453, 454
		and 655
Personnel costs, material cost and capital expenditures for Kindergartens, schools, universities, ancillary services, training assistance and corresponding grants	ISCED breakdown	all levels	1995-		Population-based value	Federal Statistical Office, Statistics on education finance	Data on the expenditure for early childhood education and care, schools, universities etc. are only available in total and not in a breakdown by ISCED level.	Education expenditure is split proportionately to educational programmes by using data on teachers, students and students lessons for educational programmes. These estimations are calculated at the level of the Federal Länder. These calculations are based on detailed data on employment by salary classes (40 classes) and annual salary for each salary class by type of school in each Land. The personnel costs are distrubuted proportionately to the number of teachers. The material cost and the capital costs are distributed proportionately to the student lessons and the number of students.
								Student grants and subsidies are allocated in proportion to the distribution of entitled students across the ISCED levels. The breakdown into general and vocational programmes is done in proportion to the number of lessons taught in these fields.
Assumed pension cost for (currently active) civil servants (not for retired civil servants)	Volume,	all levels	1995-		Population-based value	Federal Statistical Office, Statistics on education finance	There is no pension insurance for civil servants.	The annual salaries for civil servants are multiplied with the average pension insurance rate for salaried employees (i. e. assumed social security contributions for the pension funds of (currently active) civil servants ) of the National Accounts. The calculation is done for each of the Federal Länder separately. The calculation of the average pension insurance rate in the National Accounts is based on the ESA 10.
	ISCED breakdown						Pension are paid directly by public households at central (Federal), regional (Länder) and local level (Gemeinden).
Assistance to costs of medical treatment for (currently active) civil servants (not for retired civil servants)	Volume,	all levels	1995-		Population-based value	Federal Statistical Office, Statistics on education finance	There is no insurance for medical treatment costs for civil servants and salaried employees can get asssitance to medical treatment costs in some cases.	The average cost rate per employee is multipliedwith the total number of employed staff in education (eg. teachers, administration) separately for each of the Federal Länder. The assumption is that medical treatment costs are the same for all functions of staff.
	ISCED breakdown						These costs are not split by level of education.
Expenditure for teaching materials and transport to university in university education -	Volume,	640, 740, 844	1995-		Sample based survey	Social Survey - an empirical analysis of economic and social conditions of students' life, German National Association for Student Affairs (Deutsches Studentenwerkes)	There are only incomplete data on costs for teaching materials and transport available.	The average expenditure for teaching materials and transportation is provided by the Social Survey of the German National Association for Student Affairs. The average expenditure is adjusted with the GDP deflator. Total costs are calculated with the average expenditure and the number of students separately for each of the Federal Länder.The assumption is that these cost have the same rate of change as the GDP deflator.
private/household expenditure	ISCED breakdown
Expenditure for teaching materials and transport to education institutions -	Volume,	100, 244, 254,	1995-		Sample based survey	Federal Statistical Office, sample survey of household income and expenditure (Einkommens- und Verbrauchsstichprobe)	A data source with complete information on the expenditure of private households for education does not exist. But the sample survey of household income and expenditure contains information on private expenditure for education.	The average expenditure per student is multiplied with the total number of students. These calculations are done for each ISCED level separately. The survey only takes places every five years. In between, it is assumed that expenditures have the same rate of change as the GDP deflator.
private/household expenditure	ISCED breakdown	344, 351, 353, 354,
		444, 453, 454,
		554 and 655
Grants to households and students - public expenditure	ISCED breakdown	244, 254,	1995-		Population-based value	Children´s allowance (Kindergeld)	Data on children´s allowance are only available in total and not in a breakdown by ISCED level (only the children´s allowance for children between 18 and 25 is included).	The children´s allowance (Kindergeld) is split proportionately to educational programmes using data on students between 18 years and 25 years for educational programmes. These calculations are based on detailed data on the number of students between 18 years and 25 in each education programme.
		344, 351, 353, 354,
		444, 453, 454,
		554 and 655,
		640, 740, 844
Enterprise expenditure for the Dual System	Volume, ISCED breakdown	35 and 45	2000-		Sample based survey	Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training ( BIBB - Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung), expenditure of enterprises for vocational education and training	A data source with complete information on the expenditure of private enterprises for vocational education and training does not exist. But the sample survey provides information on average cost rates per student by type of expenditure. The survey is conducted every 5-7 years.	The average expenditure is adjusted with the GDP deflator. Total costs are calculated with the average expenditure and the number of students separately for each of the Federal Länder.The assumption is that these cost have the same rate of change as the GDP deflator.
Expenditure of private early childhood education institutions	Volume, ISCED breakdown	010 and 020, 100	2010-		Sample based survey	Federal Statistical Office, sample survey	A data source with complete information on the expenditure of private early childhood education institutions does not exist. But the sample survey provides information on average cost rates per child by type of expenditure.	The average expenditure is adjusted with the GDP deflator. Total costs are calculated with the average expenditure and the number of children separately for each of the Federal Länder.The assumption is that these cost have the same rate of change as the GDP deflator.
Expenditure of private schools	Volume, ISCED breakdown	020 to 65	2013-		Sample based survey	Federal Statistical Office, sample survey	nformation on the expenditure of private schools does not exist. But the sample survey provides information on average cost rates per sudent by type of expenditure.	The average expenditure is adjusted with the GDP deflator. Total costs are calculated with the average expenditure and the number of children separately for each of the Federal Länder.The assumption is that these cost have the same rate of change as the GDP deflator.
Credit mobilty	ISCED breakdown	640, 740, 844	2016-		Sample based survey	Data on graduates	Until reliable data based on direct reporting of learning mobility by German higher education institutes in the university statistics becomes available, numbers reported are extrapolated from graduation statistics and graduate survey data. The legislative basis for the future data collection was created by the March 2016 amendment of the University Statistics Law (Gesetz über die Statistik für das Hochschulwesen sowie für die Berufsakademien - HStatG).	Numbers are calculated from proportions of total graduates for each respective category. The total number of graduates for 2015/16 is based on data from the German Graduation Statistic (Federal Statistical Office - Destatis). Proportions of mobile students by level of education, type of mobility scheme, sex, and type of mobility are calculated from graduate survey data (INCHER/ISTAT, IHF, KfBH, Statistisches Bundesamt Baden-Württemberg).
						*University statistics; Federal Statistical Office		Numbers are provided for ISCED levels 6 and 7 only. Due to insufficient data availability numbers for ISCED 8 cannot be provided.
						Graduate Survey Data		Due to sample size all data are rounded to full hundreds; the data by type of mobility scheme are based on proportions and do not necessarily correspond to actual numbers.
						* International Centre for Higher Education Research/Institute for Applied Statistics (INCHER/ISTAT)
						* Bavarian State Institute for Higher Education Research and Planning (IHF)		Numbers of graduates are directly reported by higher education institutes to the Federal Statistical Office. These are multiplied with proportions calculated from representative graduate survey data (nation-wide data from the KOAB survey and state-specific data from surveys conducted in Bavaria, Saxony, and Baden-Württemberg). Appropriate weights are applied to ensure the representativeness of data provided.
						* Competence Center for Education and University Research (KfBH)
						* Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg
						Student Survey Data
						* German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies (DZHW)

3.6. Adjustment

Not available.

4. Quality management

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4.1. Quality assurance

Standard guidlines for quality assurance in the production of statistics are applied.

4.2. Quality management - assessment

The overall data quality using the quality criteria in this report is considered to be good.

5. Relevance

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5.1. Relevance - User Needs

Not available.

5.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction

Not available.

5.3. Completeness

	ISCED levels not covered
	Enrolments	Entrants	Personnel	Foreign languages learning	Regional enrolments
Data not covered	a Number of students in grade 1 by age	a Entrants in upper-secondary evening schools.	a Data on teaching personnel for the training of civil servants for the medium level (Beamtenausbildung mittlerer Dienst) (ISCED 353).	a Data are only collected for the most important languages. All other modern languages are reported together.	a (deleted)
	b (deleted)	b (deleted)	b (deleted)	b Language learning for short programmes in health sector schools (ISCED 353).	b (deleted)
			c Data on School Level Management Personnel (ISCED 0-3).		c Breakdown of Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung) - ISCED 554 and 655. - Data on students in a breakdown by NUTS1 (Länder) are not available
	c (deleted)		d Data on teacher aides are only available for Creches (ISCED 010) and Kindergartens (ISCED 020). Data in ISCED 020 do not include a small number of teacher aides in Schoolkindergartens and Pre-school classes.











Reasons for unavailable data and, planned actions to improve coverage	a Data are not collected in general school statistics.	a Data are not collected in general school statistics.	a The main purpose of the data source (Statistics on Personnel in the Public Service) does not enable to collect data an teaching staff.	a It is not intended to extend the numbers of foreign languages reported. The share of the sum of other languages reported is less than 1 percent.	a (deleted)
	b (deleted)	b (deleted)	b (deleted)	b No actions planned.	b (deleted)
	c (deleted)		c Data are not collected. It is not possible to process these data from other sources. d Data are not collected in statistics on general and vocational schools. Only data on teaching staff are collected.
			d Data are not collected in statistics on general and vocational schools. Only data on teaching staff are collected.

5.3.1. Data completeness - rate

Not available.

6. Accuracy and reliability

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6.1. Accuracy - overall

Not available.

6.2. Sampling error

Not applicable.

6.2.1. Sampling error - indicators

Not applicable.

6.3. Non-sampling error

Not available.

6.3.1. Coverage error

Divergence between the frame population and the target population.

Vocational training		Programmes shorter than one semester (or Implementation of the semester rule)
Are vocational and technical training programmes in enterprises included in the UOE data collection (YES/NO)?	If Yes, how is the 10% school based component over the whole length of the programme assessed?	Do (formal) programmes of shorter duration than one semester, full time equivalent duration as defined nationally, exist (YES/NO)?	If Yes, how their duration (shorter than one semester) is assessed?	Are all programmes of shorter duration than one semester, full time equivalent duration as defined nationally excluded from the UOE data collection (YES/NO)?	If NO, how does the coverage deviate from the UOE Manual recommendation?
YES	Vocational training in the dual system is a special form of apprenticeship which comprises education and training both at a vocational school and in an enterprise. The school-based component is 40 % as students are attending school for 2 days per week and are trained in the enterprise 3 days per week.	NO	not applicable	YES	-

Early childhood education programmes
ISCED 01 programmes		Reporting of Age in ISCED 0		Personnel in ISCED 0				What is the starting age of compulsory Primary education (ISCED 1)? This is needed for the calculation of ECE indicators such as 'Pupils aged between 4 years old and the starting age of compulsory education, by sex - as % of the population of the corresponding age group'
Do Early Childhood Educational Development programmes (ISCED 01) exist in the country (YES/NO)?	If Yes, are these programmes included in the UOE data collection (YES/NO)?	Are children under the age of 3 reported as participating in ISCED 02 Pre-primary education programmes? (YES/NO)	If YES, please explain why.	Are Classroom Teachers and Teacher Aides reported separately in the UOE data collection? (YES/NO)	If NO, why? How are they reported?	What is the minimum level of qualification required to become a Classroom Teacher at ISCED 01 and 02? Please give ISCED level.	What is the minimum level of qualification required to become a Teachers’ Aide at ISCED 01 and 02? Please give ISCED level.
YES	YES	NO		YES (data on teachers aides are only available for ISCED 0)		ISCED 655	ISCED 354	6 years

Special education needs (SNE) programmes
Are students in special education included in the data provided on enrolments, entrants, graduates and regional data (YES/NO)?	If NO, could you please specify for which questionnaires and explain why?
YES	Exception: UOE excludes mentally handicapped students, which are allocated to ISCED 9 (level unknown) because these students could not be allocated to specific levels. However, it is not possible to include these students in the UOE data submisssion as the respective category (level unknown) is not included in the tables.

Adult education programmes and "continuing education"
Are adult education programmes included in the data? (YES/NO)	If NO, why?	If YES, does the national definition of “adult” or “continuing” education fully comply with the category as defined by the UOE manual?	If the national definition of “adult” or “continuing” education programmes does not fully comply with the category as defined by the UOE manual, how it is assessed that the national “adult” or “continuing” programmes are similar or equivalent to corresponding initial education?
YES	-	Yes. Lower secondary and upper secondary general programmes for adult students at so-called evening schools are included.	Not applicable.

Students enrolled in educational institutions organised by ministries other than ministry of education
Do educational programmes organised by Ministries other than Ministry of education exist in the country (YES/NO)?	If Yes, what is the coverage of these programmes in the UOE data collection?	If Yes, and if relevant, which of those programmes are excluded from the UOE data collection?
YES	The following programmes are included in UOE: The following programmes are included in UOE: - Creches (ISCED 010) Kindergarten (ISCED 020): Federal and Länder Ministries of Youth … - Training of civil servants for the medium level (Beamtenausbildung mittlerer Dienst) Several Ministries responsible for the training of their future staff (Justice, Interior, Finance, ...) - Health sector programmes - Federal and Länder Ministries of Health - Advanced agricultural programmes after completion of the Dual System - Federal and Länder Ministries of Agriculture	None


Domestic educational activities		Distance learning / e-learning programmes
Are all country’s domestic educational activities reported in the UOE data collection (YES/NO)?	If NO, which domestic educational activity (e.g. for example Distance learning/e-learning involving two countries, commuting students, foreign campus, European administration schools, etc.) are not reported and why?	Are distance learning programmes data reported in the UOE questionnaires? (YES / NO / Partially / Not relevant)	If NO, please explain why.	If Partially, which ones are excluded and for what reasons?	If distance students are included in the data, are national distance learners in programmes organised by institutions outside your country excluded?
NO	Second chance programmes for completing ISCED 244 and 344: Fernunterricht (Distance education) Data on external graduates are included in UOE, but there are no data on participants.	Partially	–	Distance universities are included, other distance education is excluded.	NO
	Data on external graduates are included in UOE, but there are no data on participants.
	Second chance programmes for completing ISCED 244 and 344: Volkshochschulen (Folk high schools, adult education centres) Data on external graduates are included in UOE, but there are no data on participants.
	Volkshochschulen (Folk high schools, adult education centres) All other programmes are excluded: Programmes in e.g. foreign language learning, German for foreigners, health, domestic science, business and administration, arts, mathematics and science, geography etc.
	Language courses for immigrants / foreigners
	- Federal Ministry of Education and Science, German immigrants mostly from Eastern Europe programmes,
	- Federal Ministry of Family, Senior Citizens, Females und Youth, Garantiefonds for young immigrants (up to 27 years),
	- Federal Labour Agency, courses in German.
	Programmes of the Federal Labour Agency
	Continuing vocational training or training for another occupation for persons who are not unemployed
	Programmes of the Federal Labour Agency
	Training programmes for the unemployed
	Programmes of the Federal Labour Agency which prepare young people for vocational training and/or support them during their training in the Dual System
	Bundeswehrfachschulen (Trade and technical schools of the Armed Forces)
	Berufsbezogene militärische Fachausbildung (z.B. medizinische, technische Ausbildung und auch Kfz-Führer, Pilotenausbildung (Vocational military training, e.g. medical and technical training, drivers' training, pilots' training)
	Konservatorien
	(conservatoriums)
	Private Musikschulen (Private schools of music)
	Sonstige Kunstschulen (Other schools of arts)
	Kommunale Jugendwerkstätten (Local youth training centres) for young people (mostly disadvantaged) who are trained in the Dual System. These centres are organised by communities.
	Konfirmandenunterricht, Kommunion, Firmunterricht (Religious instruction for children and youths to prepare them for the confirmation and the communion)
	Koranschulen (Koran schools)
	Kirchliche Erwachsenenbildung (Adult education of the churches)
	Lehrerseminare (Seminary for teachers)
	Fortbildungseinrichtungen der Länder (Continuing training institutions of the Länder)
	Referendariat in Schulen (Teacher training in schools)
	Foreign primary and secondary schools These schools are not included in the school statistics. A known exception is the Greek school in Bavaria.
	Ausländische Universitäten/Hochschulen in Deutschland (Foreign universities in Germany) Known are institutions from the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands offering university education. In addition some institutions from the Netherlands provide education at Fachhochschule level.
	Internationale Schulen (International and European schools)
	Studienkollegs (Preparation of foreign students for German universities)
	Training for pilots of airlines
	Driver's license for buses, trams, subways at transport companies
Further excluded:	German schools abroad
	German pre-primary institutions abroad

Students participating in exchange programmes (credit mobile students)			Foreign languages learning
Are students in short term postings (i.e. exchange programmes (credit mobility)) excluded from the population of students in the data collection (YES/NO)?	If Yes, how the length of their stay abroad is assessed?	If NO, why they are not excluded?	Are students with SNE (Special Needs Education) enrolled in special schools excluded from the data on foreign languages? (YES/NO)	Apart from SNE pupils, is the scope of the population the same as the total of students enrolled? (YES/NO)	If NO, which pupils are not included?
Please see explanation in the next columns.	Exchange students coming from abroad to study in Germany are included in higher education statistics (provided they are registered at the higher education institution, which should usually be the case). They are counted as mobile students. Domestic students currently studying abroad as exchange students and still registered at their "home institution" will be included in the student numbers, unless they take so-called "holiday semester" in which case they are excluded from the number of students in Germany (however, not all outgoing students do this, at least not for the whole duation of study abroad.	At the international level, the differing reporting practices of countries regarding exchange students may lead to some doublecounting of students (or some exchange students may not be included at all, neither in the home nor in the host country). Data are available on exchange students in the Erasmus programme (both incoming and outgoing students), which covers a considerable part of exchange students. The data are not from higher education statistics, but from the agency that administers the programme. Data for other programmes may also be available, but there is no comprehensive compilation of data for the different programmes. Within higher education statistics, we are currently working on the possibility to better identify incoming exchange students. In higher education statistics data are available on the kind of degree which a student wants to obtain, and the idea is to report exchange students as students who study for a degree abroad.	YES	YES	not applicable

National programmes not covered by the UOE data collection, by ISCED level - Reasons why they are not covered
Programmes not covered at ISCED 0-Early childhood education	Programmes not covered at ISCED 1-primary level of education	Programmes not covered at ISCED 2-lower secondary level of education	Programmes not covered at ISCED 3-upper secondary level of education	Programmes not covered at ISCED 4-post-secondary non-tertiary education	Programmes not covered at ISCED 5-short-cycle tertiary education	Programmes not covered at ISCED 6– Bachelor's or equivalent level	Programmes not covered at at ISCED 7 – Master's or equivalent level	Programmes not covered at ISCED 8 – Doctoral or equivalent level
not applicable	not applicable	not applicable	not applicable	not applicable	not applicable	not applicable	not applicable	not applicable

Graduates: unduplicated count
Is the method of unduplicated count used for calculation of Graduates in the UOE data collection (YES/NO)?	If YES, please explain the method.
YES	Data are processed for graduates and not for graduations. Each graduate is only counted once and allocated to the main field of study of the graduation.

Tertiary education programmes (ISCED Levels 5-8)
Orientation of programme in tertiary education		Personnel in tertiary education, Academic staff
Does the orientation (general/academic, vocational/professional) in tertiary education (ISCED levels 5 to 7) exist in the country (YES/NO)?	If YES, what is the national definition of the programme orientation?	Are PhD candidates who are employed and hold titles such as teaching assistant, teaching associate, teaching fellow, research assistant reported as academic staff in the UOE data collection (YES/NO)?
YES	National programmes are allocated by type of the programme to the categories (general/academic, vocational/professional). University programmes are allocated to academic. Advanced vocational programmes (e.g. at Trade and Technical school or training for pre-primary teachers are classified as vocational (ISCED 554) or professional (ISCED 655).	YES

6.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate

Not applicable.

6.3.1.2. Common units - proportion

Not available.

6.3.2. Measurement error

Not applicable.

6.3.3. Non response error

Not applicable.

6.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate

Not applicable.

6.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate

Not applicable.

6.3.4. Processing error

Not applicable.

6.3.4.1. Imputation - rate

Not applicable.

6.3.5. Model assumption error

Not applicable.

6.4. Seasonal adjustment

Not applicable.

6.5. Data revision - policy

Not applicable.

6.6. Data revision - practice

Revision of UOE data (ex-post change after the data have already been made publicly available)
Type of data reviewed	Detailed variables concerned	Reference time period	Year when the revision was made	Reason having led to the revision	Consequences on accuracy
G8-Gymnasium - educational system:	data on enrolment, data on entrants	2008	2009	Shortening of duration of programmes at Gymanium to 8 years (ISCED 244 + ISCED 344)	Data for previous years are correct. The change is reported starting with the point in time when larger numbers of students occurred. In previous years the number were negligible. - No revision of data for the previous years
Vocational academies - coverage:	data on enrolment, data on entrants data on graduates data on teaching staff data on mobile students	1999 Available since 2017 Available since 2017 Available since 2017	2000	New programmes in further Federal Laender. New data collection.	In the previous years this programme was only offered in one Land (Baden-Wuerttemberg) and the number of students was low. At least data were not available on an annual basis. - No revision of data for the previous years. No missing data furthermore.
Training of civil servants for the medium level (Beamtenausbildung mittlerer Dienst) - coverage:	data on enrolment, data on entrants	2003	2004	Access to a new data source	Access to the data source Statistics on Personnel in the Public Service allows to report these data. As the number of participants is low e.g. in comparison to the number of students in the Dual System no data revision was performed. -No revision of data for the previous years
Students in doctoral programmes (ISCED 844) - coverage:	data on enrolment, data on entrants	2011	2012	New pilot data collection	New pilot data collection (sample survey) in 2011, second data collection in 2015 Data for previous years are not available.
Students in doctoral programmes (ISCED 844) - coverage:	data on enrolment, data on entrants	2020	2017	The new university statistics law includes the data collection for this programme starting with reference year 2017 (academic year 2016/2017). Before recent reference year (2020) this statistical results regarding these programmes were incomplete and thus the data provided relied on estimations from previous ad hoc surveys.	Beginning with reference year 2020 (academic year 2019/2020) detailed results from the new Statistics on students in doctoral studies could be provided and fully replaced the somehow incomplete figures from the previous sample surveys provided until 2019 (Pilot data collection (sample survey) in 2011, second data collection in 2015). Data for previous years are not available and no revision of data for the previous years possible.
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung) - coverage:	data on enrolment, data on entrants data on graduates data on teaching staff data on educational finance	2019	2020	Access to a new data source	For these programmes leading to qualifications like Bachelor professional and Master professional only a complete annual data set on graduates and results from a first pilot study carried out in 2018/2019 are available. -No revision of data for the previous years
Children in Day care programmes (ISCED 010 and 020) - methodology	data on enrolment, data on education personnel, data on educational finance	2013	2014	ISCED 2011 Inclusion of day care in coverage.	Inclusion of day care programmes for children in pre-primary education. Revision in trend data
Children in Creches (ISCED 010) - methodology	data on enrolment, data on education personnel, data on educational finance	2013	2014	ISCED 2011, new level	Inclusion of programmes for children under 3 years old in ISCED 2011 Revision in trend data
Children in Kindergartens (ISCED 020) - methodology	data on education personnel	2013	2014	ISCED 2011, new definition (starting age 3 years)	Under 3 year old children in Kindergarten programmes are allocated to ISCED 010. Revision in trend data
Children in Kindergartens (ISCED 020) - methodology	data on enrolment, data on education personnel, data on educational finance	2008	2009	No revision of data for the previous years	Age structure was improved. Revision in trend data
Vocational programmes in the Federal Länder - methodology	data on enrolment, data on entrants, data on education personnel, data on graduates	2008	2009	No revision of data for the previous years	The reporting of programmes in the transition system and the reporting of social and health sector programmes for all Federal Laender was improved and unitized. Revision in trend data
Private schools - methodology	data on educational finance	2009-2013	2011	Data of the sample survey with new information were available	Access to a new survey on the expenditure of private schools allows to replace the former data base. - No revision of data for the previous years
Private schools - methodology	data on educational finance	2014	2016	Data of the sample survey with updated information were available	Updated survey on the expenditure of private schools allows to replace the former data base. Improvement on time consistency. - No revision of data for the previous years
Private early childhood education and care institutions - methodology	data on educational finance	2010	2012	Data of the sample survey with new information were available.	Access to a new survey on the expenditure of private early childhood and care institutions allows to replace the former data base. - No revision of data for the previous years
Dual system - methodology	data on educational finance	2007-2011	2009	Data of the sample survey with new information were available.	Access to a new survey of the Statistics on enterprise expenditure for the Dual System allows to replace the former data base. - No revision of data for the previous years
Dual system - methodology	data on educational finance	2012	2014	Data of the sample survey with new information were available.	Access to a new survey of the Statistics on enterprise expenditure for the Dual System allows to replace the former data base. - No revision of data for the previous years

6.6.1. Data revision - average size

Not available.

7. Timeliness and punctuality

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7.1. Timeliness

Information related to the latest reference year (academic year t-t+1, or financial year t)
	Data collection		Post-collection phase		Dissemination/publication in your country
Type of data	Start date	End date	Start date	End date	Start date	End date
The reference period "t" for annual the UOE data collection for non financial data (enrolments, entrants, graduates, personnel and class data) and financial data is different.
School year / academic year t =	t-1 / t (e.q. 2021 = 2020/2021).
ENROLMENTS, ENTRANTS, PERSONELL AND CLASS
Youth Welfare Statistics	March year t	March year t+1
General school statistics	September year t-1	June year t	July year t	August year t	September year t	September year t
Vocational school statistics	September year t-1	June year t	July year t	August year t	September year t	September year t
Integrated vocational training statistics	September year t-1	June year t	July year t	August year t	September year t	September year t
University statistics	September year t-1	June year t	July year t	August year t	September year t	September year t
Statistics on Vocational academies	September year t-1	June year t	July year t	August year t	September year t	September year t
Statistics on Personnel in the Public Service	September year t-1	June year t	July year t	August year t	September year t	September year t
Statistics on students in doctoral studies	September year t-1	June year t	July year t	August year t	September year t	September year t
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	September year t-1	June year t	July year t	August year t	September year t	September year t

GRADUATES
General school statistics	September year t-1	June year t	July year t	August year t	September year t	November year t
Vocational school statistics	September year t-1	June year t	July year t	August year t	September year t	November year t
Integrated vocational training statistics	September year t-1	June year t	July year t	August year t	September year t	November year t
University statistics	September year t-1	June year t	July year t	August year t	September year t	November year t
Statistics on Vocational academies	September year t-1	June year t	July year t	August year t	September year t	November year t
Statistics on Personnel in the Public Service	September year t-1	June year t	July year t	August year t	September year t	November year t
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	September year t-1	June year t	July year t	August year t	September year t	November year t

Education expenditure
The reference period "t" for annual the UOE data collection for non financial data (enrolments, entrants, graduates, personnel and class data) and financial data is different.
Financial year t =	Calendar year
Statistics on public finance data (Jahresrechnungsstatistik)	January year t	December year t	January year t+1	March year t+2	April year t+2	May year t+2
Statistics on expenditure of higher education institutions (Hochschulfinanzstatistik)	January year t	December year t	January year t+1	March year t+2	April year t+2	May year t+2
Statistics on expenditure of Vocational academies (Finanzen der Berufsakademien)	January year t	December year t	January year t+1	March year t+2	April year t+2	May year t+2
Sample survey on the expenditure of private early childhood education institutions (Erhebung zu den Einnahmen und Ausgaben von Kindertageseinrichtungen in freier Trägerschaft) Pilot data collection in 2010	January year t	December year t	January year t+1	March year t+2	April year t+2	May year t+2
Sample survey on the expenditure of private schools (Erhebung zu den Einnahmen und Ausgaben von Schulen in freier Trägerschaft) Pilot data collection in 2009	January year t	December year t	January year t+1	March year t+2	April year t+2	May year t+2
Sample survey of household income and expenditure (Einkommens- und Verbrauchsstichprobe) Data collection every five years	January year t	December year t	January year t+1	March year t+2	April year t+2	May year t+2
Statistics on the expenditure for day care programmes of children	January year t	December year t	January year t+1	March year t+2	April year t+2	May year t+2
Business statistics of the German National Association for Student Affairs (Geschäftsstatistik des deutschen Studentenwerkes )	January year t	December year t	January year t+1	March year t+2	April year t+2	May year t+2
Social Survey - an empirical analysis of economic and social conditions of students' life, German National Association for Student Affairs (Deutsches Studentenwerk - Sozialerhebung) Pilot data collection in 2012	January year t	December year t	January year t+1	March year t+2	April year t+2	May year t+2
Statistics on enterprise expenditure for the Dual System Pilot data collection in 2017	January year t	December year t	January year t+1	March year t+2	April year t+2	May year t+2
Statistics on expenditure of the German Federal Employment Agency (only the expenditure for education is included)	January year t	December year t	January year t+1	March year t+2	April year t+2	May year t+2
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	January year t	December year t	January year t+1	March year t+2	April year t+2	May year t+2

7.1.1. Time lag - first result

Type of data	Time lag	Comment
Enrolments	6 month	First results: Not allocated according to ISCED-2011.
Entrants	6 month	First results: Not allocated according to ISCED-2011.
Graduates	n.a.	final results only
Personnel	n.a.	final results only
Education expenditure	n.a.	final results only

7.1.2. Time lag - final result

Type of data	Time lag	Comment
Enrolments	12 month
Entrants	12 month
Graduates	12 month
Personnel	12 month
Education expenditure	24 month

7.2. Punctuality

See table below.

7.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication

Submission dates for the latest reference year (academic year t-t+1, or financial year t)
Deadline for transmission of data: 30 September t+2					Deadline for transmission of data: 30 November of t+2
Enrolments	Entrants	Personnel	Foreign languages learning	Regional data	Graduates	Education expenditure	Credit mobilty
30.09.2022	30.09.2022	30.09.2022	14.10.2022	30.09.2022	23.02.2023	01.12.2022	23.02.2023


If relevant, reasons for late delivery and action taken or planned for improving punctuality
Enrolments	Entrants	Personnel	Foreign languages learning	Regional data	Graduates	Education expenditure	Graduates
–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–

8. Coherence and comparability

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8.1. Comparability - geographical

A. Deviations between the national methodology and the UOE Manual: non financial data
Reference period	Data collection period	Reference date for student and personnel ages



Enrolment: data collection period	Enrolment in multiple fields of education	Count of students: if relevant, detailed list of variables for which double counting are significant and why.	Regional enrolment	Foreign languages learning
	Students enrolled in multiple fields are allocated according to the main content of study (first field of study)


Entrants	New entrants by field of education	Graduates and graduations from specific programmes	Graduates versus graduations	Graduates: unduplicated count	Graduations by field of education



Educational personnel in work- and school-based combined programmes	Educational personnel taxonomy: classroom teachers (ISCED 0-4) and academic staff (ISCED 5-8)	Educational staff at ISCED level 0	Educational personnel at ISCED levels 5-8	Educational personnel and temporary replacements




B. Deviations between the national methodology and the UOE Manual: financial data
	Expenditure at the pre-primary level - the childcare component
Reference period	Expenditure at the pre-primary level: is the childcare component excluded (yes/no/partially)?	If yes, which is exactly the share of "day care component" to be excluded from the data on the pre-primary level? If no, which estimation method is used to determine the share?	Expenditure for teaching/academic hospitals	Ancillary services expenditure	Evening child care
–	No	–	costs for teaching are included,	expenditure for transportation of pupils/students to school is included	excluded
			costs for health care are excluded
	All pre-primary programmes in Germany are integrated programmes. It is not possible to exclude the childcare component.

Cost of a dual-system programme to the employer.	Adjustment of enrolments in case there is no data on expenditure at the workplace	Expenditure for contributions on pension schemes	Households' payments for private tutoring	Student living costs	Ancillary services coverage
costs for trainers, material costs and capital expenditure for the Dual System are included,	–	For present employees who are working in the educational sector expenditure for contributions on pension provisions or pension funds are included in the UOE financial data. Also for the current civil servants imputed social contributions are included. Expenditure for pensions of previous civil servants and other retired staff are not recognised.	Only "expenditure on private tutoring" intended to support the participation in programmes that fall under the scope of the data collection is included	At the moment student living costs are not included. Only expenditures for education goods are included.	meals: excluded
salaries of the students are excluded					transport to schools: included
		General remark: Pensions for employees are provided by the statutory pension insurance, a pay-as-you-go system with actual employer- and employee contributions. Public sector employees also receive a partially funded occupational pension, financed mostly by actual employer contributions. Civil servants pensions are financed from the current budget, so only imputed employer social contributions are booked.			expenditure of the German National Association for Student Affairs for housing, meals etc. is included

8.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient

Not applicable.

8.2. Comparability - over time


	Main changes compared to data transmitted for the previous reference period
	Enrolments	Entrants	Personnel	Foreign languages learning	Regional data	Graduates
Changes in the educational system
Changes in the coverage						–
Changes in the methodology
Other changes


Main changes over time
Type of data	Detailed variables concerned	Reference year(s)	Changes in the educational system	Changes in the coverage	Changes in the methodology	Other changes
Vocational academies	data on enrolment, data on entrants	1999 - 2016		Data on vocational academies (Berufsakademien) are included since 1999. For students a break-down by sex, by field and by NUTS1 is available. There are no data on students by age and on foreign students. Unfortunately, data on graduates, teachers and institutions and on language learning are not available.
Vocational academies	data on enrolment, data on entrants, data on graduates, data on teaching staff, data on mobile students data on educational finance	available since 2017			Administrative data. First complete data collection starting with reference year 2017 (academic year 2016/2017).
Advanced vocational training (Aufstiegsfortbildung)	data on enrolment, data on entrants, data on graduates, data on teaching staff, data on educational finance	available since 2019			For these programme only a complete annual data set on graduates and results from a first pilot study are available.
Children in Kindergartens (ISCED 020)	Enrolment by age	2002			For the first time the age of children in Kindergartens (ISCED 020) has been calculated according to the year of birth and not by the age at reference date as in previous years.
Children in creches in pre-primary education (SCED 010)	data on enrolment, data on education personnel, data on educational finance	2013		Inclusion of programmes for under 3 year children in pre-primary education in ISCED 2011.
Children in day care programmes in pre-primary education (SCED 010 and 020)	data on enrolment, data on education personnel, data on educational finance	2013		Inclusion of day care programmes for children in pre-primary education in ISCED 2011.
Training of civil servants for the medium level (Beamtenausbildung mittlerer Dienst - ISCED 353)	data on enrolment, data on entrants	2003		Training of civil servants for the medium level (Beamtenausbildung mittlerer Dienst) which was not included in previous years, is now reported.
Vocational programmes in the Federal Länder:	data on enrolment, data on entrants, data on education personnel, data on graduates, data on educational finance	2008			Programmes at vocational schools only offering lower secondary general qualifications or only have pre-vocational content are now allocated to ISCED 244 resp. 254. These changes mainly refer to Berufsfachschulen (of which there are more than 50 different types in the Federal Länder) and those students at Berufsschulen who have no contract in the Dual System (full-time students). In the German Educational Report the whole sector is identified as the transition system: preparatory vocational training, vocational education in training programmes not leading to a recognized qualificaton, practice placement or partial qualification.
Vocational programmes in the Federal Länder:	data on enrolment, data on entrants, data on education personnel, data on graduates, data on educational finance	2008			In former years programmes at Berufsfachschulen aiming at the qualification of Kindergarten teachers and school-based vocational education for medical assistants, nurses, midwives or social assistants had been allocated to ISCED 3B (ISCED 97). While the resp. programmes at health sector schools or Fachschulen had been allocated to ISCED 5B (ISSCED97). Now all these programmes independent of the type of school are allocated to ISCED 453.
G8-Gymnasium:	data on enrolment, data on entrants	2008	For Gymnasium in most German Länder an educational reform took place, which reduced the length of study for the university entrance qualification (Abitur) from 9 to 8 years (after four years in primary school). This reform is known as the G8. As a result, the Gymnasium curriculum was restructured and afternoon classes were introduced.
Students in doctoral programmes (ISCED 844)	data on enrolment, data on entrants	2011 - 2019		For the first time in the history of the UOE data collection we are able to provide data on students and entrants in ISCED 844. All data provided in the UOE tables are rounded to full hundreds.	Pilot data collection (sample survey) in 2011, second data collection in 2015 (extrapolated for recent year)
Students in doctoral programmes (ISCED 844)	data on enrolment, data on entrants	2020			Beginning with reference year 2020 (academic year 2019/2020) detailed results from the new Statistics on students in doctoral studies could be provided and fully replaced the somehow incomplete figures from the previous sample surveys provided until 2019. The absolute values for 2020 are 10 % lower than estimated data based on the previous sample survey. In 2021 the total number has been increasing by further 5 % and is almost reaching the previous amount.
Data on enterprise expenditure for the Dual System	data on educational finance	2007			Data basis changed in 2007. Concept of the sample survey was improved
Data on enterprise expenditure for the Dual System	data on educational finance	2012			Data basis changed in 2012. Concept of the sample survey was improved
Expenditure data of private schools	data on educational finance	2014			The data basis for private schools was updated in 2013. The new improved sample survey was used for the calculations beginning with 2014.
Expenditure data of private schools	data on educational finance	2009-2013			The data basis for private schools changed in 2009. The new improved sample survey was used for the calculations beginning with 2009. This source has been used until 2013.
Expenditure data of private early childhood education and care institutions	data on educational finance	2010			The data basis for private early childhood education and care institutions changed in 2010. The new improved sample survey was used for the calculations beginning with 2010.
personnel costs- assumed social security contributions for the pension funds of (currently active) civil servants	data on educational finance	2012			The method of the National Accounts based on the ESVG2010 is used for the calculation of the assumed social security contributions for the pensions funds of (currently active) civil servants.
R&D		2016			The R&D coefficients and the basic assumptions of the method for deriving the coefficients have been reviewed in the years 2016 and 2017. Starting from reporting year 2016, the Federal Statistical Office applies a new method for the determination of the R&D coefficients that leads to breaks in time series. There are different R&D coefficients and methods for the different types of universities and colleges within the higher education sector. Background information - Expenditure and personnel for research and development (R&D): Research and teaching are the main tasks of the institutions of higher education. Due to the unity of research and teaching in the German higher education sector there is no distinction between these main tasks in the reporting of expenditure and personnel. Research and development is financed not only from the basic resources of the higher education sector but additionally by special complementary funds which are raised from external sources. These funds are almost exclusively for the benefit of research – only a small part is raised for purposes of teaching. The institutions of higher education perform their tasks and use the basic resources autonomously within the framework of the standards set by the federal states. Staffing and financial provisions derived from basic resources are generally allocated for both the fulfillment of research and educational tasks (in university clincs also for health care). Therefore, research per-sonnel and research expenditure deriving from basic resources can only be estimated by applying specific coefficients.

8.2.1. Length of comparable time series

Not available.

8.3. Coherence - cross domain

Name of the national publication	Coherence issues
-	-

8.4. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics

Not available.

8.5. Coherence - National Accounts

Calculation method	Scope of education
The UOE data collection and the COFOG are two independent systems. Both have their own definitions of the scope of education, their own manuals and calculation methods. In Germany both systems are calculated separately.	The UOE data collection and the COFOG have different definitions of the scope of education. In Germany both systems are calculated separately.
	COFOG only includes public expenditures. UOE includes public and private expenditures.
	For example the costs of enterprises for training in the Dual System are not included under education in the COFOG. The expenditure of the German Federal Employment Agency for education is not included under education in the COFOG. Only the subsidies for private education institutions from the government are included under education in the COFOG, but not the total expenditure of private education institutions.

8.6. Coherence - internal

Not available.

9. Accessibility and clarity

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9.1. Dissemination format - News release

Press releases for new results in the main education statistics.

9.2. Dissemination format - Publications

Annual production is being published online.

9.3. Dissemination format - online database

Format	Name	Link	Comment
Interactive database	Genesis-Online	https://www-genesis.destatis.de	National classification
EXCEL-tables; pdf-versions.	Education and Culture	https://www.destatis.de/DE/Service/Bibliothek/_publikationen-fachserienliste-11.html;jsessionid=C948FD81EDDB6EC4F95A0458015E2B39.internet712?nn=206136	National classification
Subnational education indicators	Internationale Bildungsindikatoren im Ländervergleich	https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bildung-Forschung-Kultur/Bildungsstand/Publikationen/Downloads-Bildungsstand/bildungsindikatoren-1023017227004.html	Indicators from Education at a Glance (OECD) and EU-Benchmarks calculated for the Federal Laender.

9.3.1. Data tables - consultations

Not available.

9.4. Dissemination format - microdata access

Not available.

9.5. Dissemination format - other

Not available.

9.6. Documentation on methodology

The annual publications include methodological descriptions of the data and the results and a quality reports.

9.7. Quality management - documentation

There are handbooks with clear guidelines for the quality management. There are as well multiple plausibility checks done during and after the the data collection.

9.7.1. Metadata completeness - rate

Not available.

9.7.2. Metadata - consultations

Not available.

10. Cost and Burden

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Time spent (in working days)	Comments
Non-financial data:	–
3 full time equivalent = 630 working days
Financial data:	–
2,5 full time equivalent = 525 working days

11. Confidentiality

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11.1. Confidentiality - policy

There is a federal law to protect the indentity of individuals and institutions.

11.2. Confidentiality - data treatment

Data based on individual headcounts is not being published if the number of individuals or institutions is smaller than 3 or data are processed according to confidentiality.

12. Comment

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Information on data sources and quality reports can be found here:

https://www.destatis.de/DE/Methoden/Qualitaet/Qualitaetsberichte/Bildung/einfuehrung.html

Related metadata

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Annexes

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Annex 1 - Provisions for language learning 2021 – Germany
Annex 2 - ISCED Mapping for schoolyear 2020/2021 (UOE2022) – Germany