Level 2 - Fluoridation

• 1. Introduction
• 2. What happens to fluoride in your body?
• 3. What are the possible health effects of fluoride, and what is the latest evidence about them?
  • 3.1 What is the evidence regarding dental fluorosis?
  • 3.2 What is the evidence regarding skeletal fluorosis?
  • 3.3 What is the evidence regarding osteosarcoma?
  • 3.4 What is the evidence regarding neurological effects?
  • 3.5 What is the evidence regarding effects on human reproduction?
• 4. Are there any reasons for concern about people’s fluoride intake? If so, who is at risk?
• 5. What role does fluoride play in preventing tooth decay?
• 6. What further investigations are needed to improve assessment of exposure and of the health effects of fluoride?
• 7. Does the fluoridation of drinking water specifically lead to adverse ecological impacts?