The general objective of the study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the functioning and results of the peer learning schemes developed by DG REGIO (TAIEX-REGIO Peer 2 Peer [TAIEX-REGIO P2P] and the Communities of Practitioners [CoPs]), and to assess the scope for further developing these schemes. The analysis consists of both retrospective and prospective parts. The retrospective part analyses the peer learning schemes, focusing on their functioning, outcomes and impacts from their inception until the end of 2019. The prospective part provides recommendations for their further development.