Coordinated by Kristina Kausch, Resident Fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, with contributions from Aitor Bonsoms, PhD candidate at the Institut Barcelona d’Estudis Internacionals (IBEI); Can Kasapoglu, Director of Security and Defense Program EDAMN and non-Resident Fellow in Euro-Asian Military Affairs, Jamestown Foundation; Lewin Schmitt, PhD candidate at the Institut Barcelona d’Estudis Internacionals (IBEI); and Žilvinas Švedkauskas, PhD candidate at the Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen. this Policy Study aims to examine these questions and dilemmas raised by AI in the MENA through a European policy lens paying particular attention to border management, surveillance, defence and regulation.