This study examines how the European Union can ensure that the green and the digital transitions mutually reinforce each other. It analyses how current and future digital technologies could become key enablers for the green transition by 2050, which is when the European Union aims to be climate neutral. It also examines tension points between the twin transitions, such as how digital technologies might bring additional environmental burdens with them. It assesses how economic, social, and political factors will impact the twin transitions.

The study takes a closer look at five economic sectors:

1. agriculture,
2. buildings and construction,
3. energy,
4. energy-intensive industries,
5. transport and mobility.

Both transitions are at the top of the EU’s political agenda and their interaction will have massive consequences for the future. While they are different in nature and each subject to specific dynamics, their twinning – i.e. their capacity to reinforce each other – deserves closer scrutiny. Better understanding these interactions is key to maximising their synergies and minimising their tensions. On this basis, the study derives key requirements for a successful management of the twin transitions.