Modern critical infrastructures (or critical entities) are becoming increasingly complex, turning into distributed, large-scale cyber-physical systems. Furthermore, cyber-physical attacks are increasing in number, scope, and sophistication, making it difficult to predict their total impact. Successfully addressing these issues, needs coordinated and integrated responses, which must be disseminated and exploited further to the EU funded projects’ frameworks or individual research studies, through raising awareness initiatives, such as the 2^nd ECSCI Workshop on CIP.

The 2^nd ECSCI Workshop presented the different approaches on integrated (hybrid, cyber and physical) security in several different industrial sectors, such as finance, healthcare, energy, transport, communications, water, etc. The peculiarities of CIP in each of these sectors have been discussed and addressed by the different projects of the ECSCI cluster that presented their outcomes, from the research, technical, ethical and societal point of view.

Specifically, novel techniques have been presented for integrated security modelling, IoT security, artificial intelligence for securing CIs, resilience of CIs,  ethical and legal aspects of cybersecurity, combating hybrid threats, cyber and physical threats detection, increased automation for detection, prevention and mitigation measures, information and knowledge sharing, standards and regulations, common platforms for cascading effects, combined safety and security solutions, cyber security awareness, and the landscape of advanced combined cyber and physical threats.

The workshop included 3 opening remarks (DG HOME & DG CNECT), 3 keynote speeches (ENISA, ECSO & JRC), 21 projects presentations, 2 roundtable and panel discussions, 21 thematic presentations, and closing remarks (DG HOME). The audience included scientists and experts in the field of critical infrastructure protection, CISOs, CIOs, CERTs, CSIRTs, CSOs, cyber and physical security experts, and policy makers for critical infrastructure protection.

Consolidated Proceedings of the Workshop will be developed in the next couple of months and will be available through open access publication.