Health
Scientific Committees
Scientific Steering Committee (former MDSC)
Outcome of discussions
Scientific
Opinion - The safety of meat and bone meal from mammalian
animals, naturally or experimentally susceptible to
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies. Adopted by the
Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 26-27 March
1998 following a public consultation on the preliminary
opinion adopted on 19-20 February 1998
(
Version updated
on 3.04.98
) -
Background
I. Report of the Working Group
1. Definition of meat and bone meal
derived from mammalian animals.
- The definition and report hereafter do
not refer to blood meal.
- For the purpose of the present report,
meat and bone meal, derived from mammalian animals, is
defined as processed animal protein intended for animal
consumption, treated so as to render it suitable for direct
use as a feeding stuff or as an ingredient in a feeding
stuff for animals.
- In the frame of the present report,
rendering means any processing of slaughter by-products
(excluding pure blood), animals unfit for human consumption
or of meat scraps for the production of meat and bone meal.
The term "rendering" includes the collection of such
materials and subjecting them to minimal processing, or
distribute them to firms other than renderers whose
intended use for the products may include animal feed. The
term includes also blending animal protein products.
2. Background
a) On the basis of a large experiment
carried out between 1991 and 1997 (often referred to as
"the rendering study", see Taylor et al., 1995; MAFF et
al., 1997), the process conditions of 133°C during 20
minutes at 3 bar are confirmed to result in a safe product.
This is acknowledged in various opinions of the Scientific
Veterinary Committee (ScVC, E.C., 1996), for
example:
- on 18.04.96: :
"(...) The only method known to be effective at present
is heat treatment at 133°C at 3 bar for 20 minutes. It was
noted that it may be possible to achieve the same
parameters in a continuous system, although data was not
provided. The Committee considers that any system which is
proven to be operating to the stated parameters will give a
product of equivalent safety, irrespective of whether it
operates as a batch or continuous system."
- on 21.10.1996:
"The ScVC recommends that minimum standards for
processing waste of mammalian origin to produce
meat-and-bone meal (equal or greater than processing at
133°C, 3 bar for 20 min) should be immediately put in
place. (...) Various options were considered which could
reduce any risks for animal health (and public health in
the long term) in the interim period before the new
standards are fully implemented. These include:
a) (...), b) (...), c) the exclusion of the highest risk
ruminant tissues from rendering systems, i.e. a minimum
exclusion of specified risk materials;
d)
(....)"
b) On 18 July 1996, the European
Commission adopted Decision N° 96/449/EC on the approval of
alternative waste treatment systems for processing animal
waste with a view to the inactivation of spongiform
encephalopathy agents. This Decision defines the minimum
parameters for the processing of animal waste excluding
fats as: a maximum particle size of 50mm, a temperature
higher than 133°C, a duration of 20 minutes and a pressure
(absolute) of 3 bar. Processing may be carried out in batch
or continuous system.
c) The so named "Report of the Committee
Dormont" of July 1996 states (République Française,
1996):
"(...) The treatment consisting of a discontinuous
process of 133°C / 3 Bars / 20 minutes of particles of 50
mm obtained from condemned carcasses (in French:
"cadavres de saisies d'abattoir")
and from the central nervous system, should not be
considered as capable of inactivating totally the agent of
sub-acute transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.
Indeed:
- the laboratory experiments have shown that the thermal
treatment at 133°C during 20 minutes on its own cannot
guarantee the sterility of the product regarding non
conventional transmissible agents (in French: Agents
transmissibles non conventionnels, ATNC)
and that its efficacy could vary significantly according
to the state of desiccation of the product and its content
with lipids (Brown et al., J.Inf.Dis., 1990; Wright and
Taylor, The Lancet, June 1993; Taylor et al., Veterinary
Record, December 1995);
- the published works relate to experiments using
limited volumes of material; hence the results cannot be
extrapolated with certainty to industrial volumes.
(...) the [Dormont]
Committee recommends the evaluation of procedures
susceptible of reinforcing the efficacy of the thermal
treatment. (...) On the other hand, the efficacy of a
delipidation with solvents followed by a thermal treatment,
seems important to be evaluated in comparison with the sole
thermal treatment. (...) In a more general way, and taking
into account the multitude and complexity of the
[existing]
processes, the [Dormont]
Committee recommends an homologation [of production
processes]
on a case by case basis. The Committee also recommends
an homologation of the machinery used in the inactivation
processes. (...)
d) When it adopted its opinion on Tallow
on 8.09.97, the MDSC/SSC referred to the International
Scientific Conference on Meat and Bone Meal (Brussels
1&2 July 1997, E.C., 1997) where the issues related to
the inactivation / elimination of the BSE infective agent
where addressed:
"(...) A third safeguard is a transformation process.
So far it was accepted that no infectivity could be found
after exposing even infected material over 20 minutes to
a temperature of 133°C at 3 bar or an equivalent method
with demonstrated efficacy. However, during the
International Meat and Bone Meal Conference held in
Brussels on 1 and 2 July 1997, it was not excluded that
under worst case conditions, traces of infectivity could
remain. This implies that the only safeguard at present
is the certified origin of the material from which the
product is derived AND an appropriate production process
following acknowledged production rules."
e) It can thus be concluded that a
production process which respects the conditions of "a
maximum particle size 50 mm, a process of 133°C at 3 bars
during 20 minutes" is presently the most appropriate one
for inactivating / eliminating the BSE infective agent when
producing animal derived products such as MBM, but these
conditions as such do not fully guarantee a totally safe
product if the raw material was highly contaminated.
On the basis of what precedes, the
MDSC/SSC decided during its meeting of 16 October 1997, to
create a working group on the safety of Meat and Bone Meal.
This report was prepared by that working group.
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