Archive:Rental and leasing activities statistics - NACE Rev. 2
- Data from April 2012. Most recent data: Further Eurostat information, Main tables and Database.
This article presents an overview of statistics for the rental and leasing activities sector in the European Union (EU), as covered by NACE Rev. 2 Division 77.
,_EU-27,_2009.png)
,_EU-27,_2009_(1)_(%25_share_of_sectoral_total).png)
(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbs_na_1a_se_r2)
,_EU-27,_2009_A.png)
,_EU-27,_2009_B.png)
,_2009_(1).png)
,_2009_A.png)
,_2009_B.png)
Main statistical findings
Structural profile
There were 158 thousand enterprises operating with rental and leasing activities (Division 77) as their principal activity in the EU-27 in 2009. Together they employed 640 thousand persons, equivalent to 0.5 % of the non-financial business economy (Sections B to J and L to N and Division 95) workforce or 5.3 % of those employed in administrative and support services (Section N).
The rental and leasing activities sector generated EUR 71 985 million of value added, which was a considerably higher share of both the non-financial business economy total (1.3 %) and of the administrative and support services total (20.6 %) than the shares recorded for employment. These differences can, in part, be explained by the specific character of rental and leasing activities, such as their capital-intensive nature. Indeed, these activities have very different cost structures and revenue streams and care should be taken when making comparisons with other sectors and subsectors in the non-financial business economy. Enterprises that engage in rental and leasing activities own the goods that they rent or lease, with financial costs and depreciation charges often constituting the main element of their total costs: these costs and charges are not considered when calculating gross value added and so productivity and profitability measures based on value added are often very high. One example of this phenomena is apparent labour productivity, which for the EU-27's rental and leasing activities sector reached EUR 112 thousand per person employed in 2009, considerably above the non-financial business economy average of EUR 41.6 thousand per person employed and almost four times as high as the administrative and support services average of EUR 29 thousand per person employed. While the rental and leasing activities sector had the ninth highest level of apparent labour productivity among the NACE divisions that make-up the non-financial business economy, average personnel costs were not particularly high, averaging EUR 31.6 thousand per employee across the EU-27 in 2009, compared with EUR 30.0 thousand per employee for the whole of the non-financial business economy and an average of EUR 20.9 thousand per employee for administrative and support services. These considerable differences resulted in the wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio – which combines the two previous indicators and shows the extent to which value added per person employed covers average personnel costs per employee – attaining 355.6 % for the EU-27’s rental and leasing activities sector in 2009. This was the second highest ratio among any of the NACE divisions that constitute the non-financial business economy, and stood more than 2.5 times as high as the non-financial business economy average (138.8 %) or the administrative and support services average (139.1 %).
In a similar vein, the gross operating rate (which presents the relation between the gross operating surplus and turnover) and is one measure of operating profitability – stood at 37.6 % for the EU-27’s rental and leasing activities sector in 2009, almost four times as high as the non-financial business economy average (9.7 %) and almost 2.5 times as high as the administrative and support services average (15.2 %). This was the third highest level of operating profitability (using this measure) among the NACE divisions within the non-financial business economy – ranking just behind real estate activities (Division 68) and sewerage (Division 37)]].
Sectoral analysis
Just over half (51.9 %) of the enterprises within the EU-27’s rental and leasing activities sector in 2009 were classified as part of the renting and leasing of other machinery, equipment and tangible goods subsector (Group 77.3). Two subsectors accounted for the majority of the remaining enterprises, with the renting and leasing of personal and household goods (Group 77.2) taking a 25.7 % share, while the renting and leasing of motor vehicles (Group 77.1) accounted for 20.0 %, leaving just 2.3 % of the sectoral total for enterprises whose main activity was the leasing of intellectual property and similar products, except copyrighted works (Group 77.4, hereafter referred to as the leasing of intellectual property).
The relative shares of sectoral employment between the four groups that make-up the rental and leasing activities sector were broadly similar to those recorded for the breakdown of the number of enterprises: the renting and leasing of other machinery, equipment and tangible goods subsector had the highest share (49.6 %), followed by the renting and leasing of motor vehicles (25.0 %), the renting and leasing of personal and household goods (22.6 %) and the leasing of intellectual property (2.0 %).
However, the nature of the goods being rented or leased had a influence on the sectoral breakdown of value added, which was considerably higher for the renting and leasing of motor vehicles. The renting and leasing of other machinery, equipment and tangible goods subsector remained the largest subsector, by this measure, with a 48.5 % share of sectoral value added, followed by the renting and leasing of motor vehicles (39.3 %), while the relative importance of the renting and leasing of personal and household goods was much lower (7.3 %).
These differences in value added were reflected in the wide range of EU-27 apparent labour productivity ratios, with highs of EUR 200 thousand per person employed for the leasing of intellectual property in 2008 and EUR 170 thousand per person employed for the renting and leasing of motor vehicles in 2009, respectively the sixth and seventh highest values among the NACE groups within the non-financial business economy. Apparent labour productivity for the renting and leasing of other machinery, equipment and tangible goods was also relatively high (EUR 110 thousand per person employed in 2009), in contrast to the renting and leasing of personal and household goods, where apparent labour productivity – at EUR 36 thousand per person employed – was below the non-financial business economy average (EUR 41.6 thousand per person employed).
There were relatively high average personnel costs (EUR 60.0 thousand per employee in 2008) for the EU-27’s leasing of intellectual property. Otherwise, personnel costs per employee within the rental and leasing activities sector ranged from EUR 34.6 thousand per employee for the renting and leasing of other machinery, equipment and tangible goods through EUR 30.0 thousand per employee for the renting and leasing of motor vehicles (the same level as the average for the whole of the non-financial business economy) down to EUR 24.3 thousand per employee for the renting and leasing of personal and household goods.
The EU-27 wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio was above the non-financial business economy average for all four subsectors that make-up the rental and leasing activities sector in 2009. Although relatively close to the non-financial business economy average (138.8 %) for the renting and leasing of personal and household goods subsector (148.8 %), this ratio rose to 317.5 % for the renting and leasing of other machinery, equipment and tangible goods, to 352.3 % for the leasing of intellectual property (in 2008), and peaked at 573.2 % for the renting and leasing of motor vehicles; the latter was the fourth highest ratio among any of the NACE groups within the non-financial business economy.
For the gross operating rate, data is only available for three of the NACE groups that form the rental and leasing activities sector. This measure of operating profitability was well above the EU-27 non-financial business economy average of 9.7 % in 2009 for all three subsectors, ranging from 20.1 % for the renting and leasing of personal and household goods, through 38.0 % for the renting and leasing of other machinery, equipment and tangible goods to peak at 40.2 % for the renting and leasing of motor vehicles – the fifth highest ratio among the NACE groups within the non-financial business economy.
Country analysis
Germany recorded the highest share (23.3 %) of EU-27 value added within the rental and leasing activities sector in 2009. France (19.0 %) and the United Kingdom (17.8 %) were also relatively important producers in value added terms; none of the remaining Member States had a double-digit share of the total, with the next highest share being recorded for Spain (7.9 %). The 1.2 % share of EU-27 value added recorded in this sector for Luxembourg was the highest share for Luxembourg in any of the non-financial business economy NACE divisions (with data available) in 2009. In terms of persons employed, the United Kingdom had the largest workforce for rental and leasing activities, at 148.5 thousand persons in 2009, equivalent to 23.2 % of the EU-27 workforce, followed by Germany (15.6 %), France (12.6 %, note that the data refer to employees and not persons employed) and Spain (12.2 %).
A breakdown of activity at a more detailed level shows that France recorded the highest share of EU-27 value added for the renting and leasing of personal and household goods (28.6 %) and the renting and leasing of motor vehicles (19.1 %), while the highest share of EU-27 value added for the renting and leasing of other machinery, equipment and tangible goods was recorded in Germany (27.7 %).
In value added terms, Luxembourg was by far the most specialised Member State in the rental and leasing activities sector in 2009, as 5.8 % of its non-financial business economy value added was generated in this activity; this figure was influenced by a very high share of value added within the leasing of intellectual property subsector. Austria (2.1 % of non-financial business economy value added) and the two remaining Benelux countries of Belgium and the Netherlands (both 1.7 %) were also relatively specialised in the rental and leasing activities sector in 2009.
With the exception of Denmark (where there was negative value added), all of the Member States for which data are available reported wage-adjusted labour productivity ratios for rental and leasing activities in 2009 that were higher than their non-financial business economy averages. This was particularly the case for Germany, Hungary and Romania, where the wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio for rental and leasing activities was more than three times as high as the average, rising to almost 4.8 times as high as the average in Austria. In fact, in Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, Austria and Romania the wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio in this sector was the highest in 2009 among all of the NACE divisions within the non-financial business economy.
A similar pattern was observed for the gross operating rate, which was considerably higher for rental and leasing activities than for the whole of the non-financial business economy, aside from in Denmark (where it was negative). In France, the gross operating rate was 5.7 times as high as the non-financial business economy average, while in Germany, Hungary and Slovakia it stood at least five times as high as the national average. In Bulgaria, Germany, France, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Slovakia the gross operating rate in this sector was the highest in 2009 among all of the NACE divisions within the non-financial business economy.
Data sources and availability
The analysis presented in this article is based on the main dataset for structural business statistics (SBS) which are disseminated annually. The series provides information for each Member State as well as a number of non-member countries at a detailed level according to the activity classification NACE. Data are available for a wide range of variables.
Context
This article presents an overview of statistics for the rental and leasing activities sector in the EU, as covered by NACE Rev. 2 Division 77.
The activities covered within this sector include the renting and leasing of motor vehicles, which involves renting and operational leasing of passenger cars, light vehicles, trucks, heavy motor vehicles and recreational vehicles. The renting and leasing of personal and household goods includes the renting of recreational and sports equipment, video tapes, CDs, DVDs and so on, and all kinds of household or personal goods including jewellery, musical instruments, costumes, household machinery and equipment ( for example, tools for home repairs). The renting and leasing of other machinery, equipment and tangible goods (without an operator) includes machinery and equipment for agricultural, forestry, industrial, construction, transport and office-based activities. Finally, the leasing of intellectual property and similar products (except copyrighted works) includes activities allowing others to use non-financial assets for which a royalty payment or licensing fee is paid to the asset holder. The use of these assets can take various forms, such as permission for reproduction, use in subsequent processes or products, operating businesses under a franchise and so on The current owners may or may not have created those assets.
This NACE division is composed of four groups:
- renting and leasing of motor vehicles (Group 77.1);
- renting and leasing of personal and household goods (Group 77.2);
- renting and leasing of other machinery, equipment and tangible goods (Group 77.3);
- leasing of intellectual property and similar products, except copyrighted works (Group 77.4).
These rental and leasing activities exclude financial leasing (Division 64, financial service activities), the renting of real estate (Division 68), as well as the renting of equipment with an operator, for example in construction (Section F) or in transport (Section H).
Further Eurostat information
Publications
Main tables
Database
- SBS – services (sbs_serv)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics - services (sbs_na_serv)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics for services (NACE Rev.2 H-N and S95) (sbs_na_1a_se_r2)
- Preliminary results on services, main indicators (NACE Rev.2) (sbs_sc_r2preli)
- SMEs - Annual enterprise statistics broken down by size classes - services (sbs_sc_sc)
- Services broken down by employment size classes (NACE Rev.2 H-N and S95) (sbs_sc_1b_se_r2)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics - services (sbs_na_serv)
- SBS - regional data - all activities (sbs_r)
- SBS data by NUTS 2 regions and NACE Rev.2, from 2008 onwards (sbs_r_nuts06_r2)
Dedicated section
Source data for tables, figures and maps (MS Excel)
Other information
- Decision 1578/2007/EC of 11 December 2007 on the Community Statistical Programme 2008 to 2012
- Regulation 295/2008 of 11 March 2008 concerning structural business statistics