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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Statistical Service of Cyprus (CYSTAT) |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Labour |
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1.5. Contact mail address | Statistical Service of Cyprus CY-1444 Nicosia Cyprus |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 11/04/2023 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 11/04/2023 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 11/04/2023 |
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3.1. Data description | |||
The Continuing Vocational Training Survey (CVTS) collects information on enterprises’ investment in the continuing vocational training of their staff. Continuing vocational training (CVT) refers to education or training measures or activities which are financed in total or at least partly by the enterprise (directly or indirectly). Part financing could include the use of work-time for the training activity as well as financing of training equipment. Information available from the CVTS is grouped around the following topics: - Provision of CVT courses and other forms of CVT (training/non-training enterprises) - CVT strategies - Participants in CVT courses - Costs of CVT courses - Time spent in CVT courses - Characteristics of CVT courses - Assessment of CVT activities The CVTS also collects some information on initial vocational training (IVT). For further information see the CVTS 6 legislation (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/education-and-training/legislation) and the CVTS 6 implementation manual (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/education-and-training/methodology). |
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3.2. Classification system | |||
The main groupings for enterprises are by economic activity (NACE), size group and training/non-training enterprises. |
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3.3. Coverage - sector | |||
CVTS 6 covers all economic activities defined in sections B to N and R to S of NACE Rev. 2. |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
Definitions as well as the list of variables covered are available in the CVTS 6 implementation manual (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/education-and-training/methodology). |
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3.5. Statistical unit | |||
The statistical unit for CVTS 6 is the enterprise. Enterprise definition is compliant with Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93. |
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3.6. Statistical population | |||
CVTS 6 covers enterprises with 10 or more persons employed belonging to certain NACE categories (see 3.3). The total number of enterprises in the target population was 4 977. Variable A2tot (persons employed) refers to 31 December 2020. |
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3.7. Reference area | |||
Government controlled areas of the Republic of Cyprus. |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | |||
CVTS data are available for 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020. |
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3.9. Base period | |||
Not applicable. |
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Percentages, numbers, EUR. |
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The reference year for CVTS 6 is the calendar year 2020. |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
At European level Basic legal act: Regulation (EC) No 1552/2005 of the European Parliament and the Council Implementing act: Commission Regulation (EU) No 1153/2014, amending Commission Regulation (EC) No 198/2006 At national level Article 3 of the national Official Statistics Law, No. 25(I) of 2021 defines the functions of the Statistical Service of Cyprus regarding the production and dissemination of official statistics. Moreover, Article 13, explicitly stipulates the mandate for data collection and introduces a mandatory response to statistical enquiries by stipulating the obligation of respondents to reply to surveys and provide the data required. This relates not only to national but also to European statistics which, by virtue of Article 8 of the said Law, are incorporated in the annual and multiannual programmes of work without any further procedure. Annexes: Regulation (EC) No 1552/2005 Commission Regulation (EU) No 1153/2014 Statistics Law No. 25(I) of 2021 |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Not applicable. |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
Official statistics are released in accordance to all confidentiality provisions of the following:
Annexes: Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (consolidated text) European Statistics Code of Practice Code of Practice for the Collection, Publication and Storage of Statistical Data Statistics Law No. 25(I) of 2021 |
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
The treatment of confidential data is regulated by CYSTAT's Code of Practice for the Collection, Publication and Storage of Statistical Data, see 7.1. |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
Notifications about the dissemination of statistics are published in the release calendar, which is available on CYSTAT’s website. The annual release calendar, announced during the 4th quarter of the year, includes provisional dates of publication for the following year, which are finalised the week before publication. |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
Link to CYSTAT’s release calendar: https://www.cystat.gov.cy/en/AnnouncementList |
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8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
According to the Dissemination and Pricing Policy of the Statistical Service of Cyprus (section 2.3) CYSTAT΄s main channel for dissemination of statistics is the website, which offers the same conditions to everyone and is updated at the same time every working day (12:00 noon). Privileged pre-released access (of no more than 1 day in advance) has been granted to a few selected users for specific statistics. These are specified in the Dissemination Policy (section 2.3). In addition to the annual release calendar, users are informed of the various statistical releases through the “Alert” service provided by CYSTAT. |
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CVTS data are sent to Eurostat every 5 years. |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
None. |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
A report (publication) is available only for year 2005 on CYSTAT's web portal. Annexes: Vocational Training Survey 2005 |
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
No CVTS data in the national online database. CVTS data are available in Eurostat's online database: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/education-and-training/data/database. |
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10.3.1. Data tables - consultations | |||
Not applicable. |
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Statistical micro-data from CYSTAT’s surveys are accessible for research purposes only and under strict provisions as described below: Under the provisions of the Statistics Law, CYSTAT may release microdata for the sole use of scientific research. Applicants have to submit the request form "APPLICATION FOR DATA FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES" giving thorough information on the project for which micro-data are needed. The application is evaluated by CYSTAT’s Confidentiality Committee and if the application is approved, a charge is fixed according to the volume and time consumed for preparation of the data. Micro-data may then be released after an anonymisation process which ensures no direct identification of the statistical units but, at the same time, ensures usability of the data. The link for the application is attached below. Annexes: Link to the application for access to microdata on CYSTAT's website |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
None. |
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10.5.1. Metadata - consultations | |||
Not applicable. |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
For CVTS 6 a detailed implementation manual is available which contains definitions and additional methodological explanations, a European standard questionnaire and the code book. The implementation manuals are attached below. Annexes: CVTS6 manual CVTS 6 manual - Annexes |
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10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
Quality Reports for CVTS are available on Eurostat's website: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/education-and-training/quality. |
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
The quality of statistics in CYSTAT is managed in the framework of the European Statistics Code of Practice which sets the standards for developing, producing and disseminating European Statistics as well as the ESS Quality Assurance Framework (QAF). CYSTAT endorses the Quality Declaration of the European Statistical System. In addition, CYSTAT is guided by the requirements provided for in Article 11 of the Statistics Law No. 25(I) of 2021 as well as Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics, which sets out the quality criteria to be applied in the development, production and dissemination of European statistics. Annexes: European Statistics Code of Practice ESS Quality Assurance Framework (QAF) Quality Declaration of the European Statistical System Statistics Law No. 25(I) of 2021 Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (consolidated text) |
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
The output quality in the European Statistical System is assessed in terms of the following 5 quality criteria: relevance, accuracy, timeliness and punctuality, coherence and comparability and accessibility and clarity. These evaluation criteria are described in the Quality Declaration of the European Statistical System. Taking into account the above criteria and the quality indicators, the overall quality of the statistics produced is satisfactory. |
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
The main users of the Continuing Vocational Training Survey (besides EUROSTAT) include Policy makers at European level (e.g., European Commission, European Parliament, other European agencies), national authorities (e.g. Human Resource Development Authority of Cyprus), academics/researchers/students, trade unions, international organisations (e.g., OECD, UN) and enterprises. Data for CVT strategies (objectives, decision process), CVT characteristics (internal/external courses, other forms, subjects, providers), CVT volume (participants, hours), CVT costs, CVT quality, outcomes and difficulties and for IVT can be used for decision making, assessment of provided training and for own market research. |
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
Since 2008 CYSTAT carries out an annual online “Users Satisfaction Survey”. The results of the surveys are available on CYSTAT’s website at the link attached below. Overall, there is a high level of satisfaction of the users of statistical data published by CYSTAT. Annexes: Results of CYSTAT’s User Satisfaction Surveys |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
The final dataset for CVTS 6 covers all NACE sectors, enterprise size groups and variables as requested in the CVTS 6 legislation (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/education-and-training/legislation). |
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12.3.1. Data completeness - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
Since the results of the survey are based on a sample selected from the Business Register, they are subject to sampling and non-sampling errors. The coefficients of variation (CVs) for the main indicators of the survey are presented in table 13.2.1 "Sampling errors - indicators" in annex "CY - QR tables CVTS 2020 (excel)". The coefficients of variation for the total number of enterprises for the main indicators of the survey show that the resulting data are reliable. |
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13.2. Sampling error | |||
The sampling frame was the Business Register. The sample was selected using simple random sampling in each of the strata specified in Section 4 of the CVTS 6 manual (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/education-and-training/methodology). The sample size was given by:
For the classification of enterprises into strata in order to calculate weights the information for NACE and SIZE groups collected for CVTS 6 and the updated Business Register were used. Therefore, the final weights in stratum h were given by Nh/nh, where Nh=number of enterprises in stratum h in the updated frame and nh=number of enterprises in stratum h in the net sample (the NACE and SIZE groups from CVTS 6 were used). In order to calculate the coefficients of variation in table 13.2.1, the R language and the package ReGenesees were used. |
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13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators | |||
See table 13.2.1 "Sampling errors - indicators" in annex "CY - QR tables CVTS 2020 (excel)". |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
See items 13.3.1 - 13.3.5 below. |
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13.3.1. Coverage error | |||
The sampling frame was extracted from the Cyprus Statistical Business Register. The Statistical Business Register covers all Legal Units, Enterprises, Local Units and Enterprise Groups carrying out an economic activity according to the Statistical Classification of Economics Activities NACE Rev. 2 of the European Union. It is updated on an annual basis. The enterprises belonging to the Nace and Size groups specified in the Commission Regulation (EU) No 1153/2014 were selected in order to form the Sampling Frame for CVTS 6. The sample was selected from the Sampling Frame with reference year 2019, since this was the latest available version. Some enterprises in the sample were ineligible (i.e., did not belong to the target population of enterprises). Enterprises that were in the sample of Labour Cost Survey were excluded, so as to reduce the burden of response. The final weights were calculated using the Sampling Frame with reference year 2019. See table 13.3.1 "Coverage error" in annex "CY - QR tables CVTS 2020 (excel)". |
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13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate | |||
See table 13.3.1.1 "Over-coverage - rate" in annex "CY - QR tables CVTS 2020 (excel)". |
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13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.2. Measurement error | |||
Errors due to the questionnaire design Errors due to the questionnaire design were limited since the questionnaire was designed according to the instructions of the CVTS 6 manual. Mode of data collection and measurement error For the first time CAWI was used for the CVTS data collection. Enterprises completed an online questionnaire on their own. Even though enough explanations were provided for each question, enterprises might have answered quickly and not carefully. Interviewers then checked the completed questionnaires and, where needed, they had a follow-up phone contact with the enterprise for clarifications. Methods used to reduce this kind of errors We tried to tackle these problems by investing enough time in training the interviewers and conducting follow-up phone calls where necessary. |
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13.3.3. Non response error | |||
The size of the gross sample was 1620 enterprises, of which 269 were ineligible and 143 did not reply. The non-response rate for all enterprises was 10.6%. The main reason for non-response was the unwillingness of the personnel of the company to give information due to lack of time. In order to reduce non-response, the following procedure was followed:
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13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate | |||
In order to correct the bias due to non-response re-weighting was used, i.e., the weights are given by the formula Nh/nh, where nh is the actual number of responding enterprises in stratum h. See table 13.3.3.1 "Unit non-response - rate" in annex "CY - QR tables CVTS 2020 (excel)". |
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13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate | |||
See table 13.3.3.2 "Item non-response - rate" in annex "CY - QR tables CVTS 2020 (excel)". |
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13.3.4. Processing error | |||
Since the CAWI module of Blaise was used, i.e. interviews with validation checks incorporated at the phase of collection of data, processing errors were significantly reduced. Additionally, interviewers checked the completed questionnaires and contacted the enterprises to clarify certain answers. |
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13.3.5. Model assumption error | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
The reference period for CVTS 6 is the calendar year 2020. Data were transmitted to Eurostat by the end of June 2022. |
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14.1.1. Time lag - first result | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.1.2. Time lag - final result | |||
18 months after the end of the reference period. |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
Countries should transmit data to Eurostat no later than 18 months after the end of the reference year. See table 14.2 "Project phases - dates" in annex "CY - QR tables CVTS 2020 (excel)". |
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14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication | |||
Not applicable. |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
See table 15.1 "Comparability - geographical" in annex "CY - QR tables CVTS 2020 (excel)". No additional variables related to COVID-19 were collected. |
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15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient | |||
Not applicable. |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | |||
Requirements for CVTS 6 remained unchanged compared to CVTS 5. See table 15.2 "Comparability - over time" in annex "CY - QR tables CVTS 2020 (excel)". |
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15.2.1. Length of comparable time series | |||
Not applicable. |
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||
The comparison of the number of persons employed between Structural Business Statistics (SBS) and CVTS 6 are presented in table 15.3 "Coherence - cross-domain" in annex "CY - QR tables CVTS 2020 (excel)". |
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15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics | |||
Not applicable. |
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15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts | |||
Not applicable. |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | |||
CVTS results for a given reference year are based on the same microdata and results are calculated using the same estimation methods, therefore the data are internally coherent. |
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In total, 10 people (9 enumerators and 1 Statistics Officer) were involved in CVTS 6. The main tasks undertaken to produce the CVTS 6 results were: preparation for the survey, data collection, processing of data, validation/consistency checks of micro-data and compilation of the Control Table. |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
A data revision policy is in place at CYSTAT. It is published on CYSTAT’s website, at the following link: https://www.cystat.gov.cy/en/StaticPage?id=1072 CYSTAT also publishes a list of scheduled revisions (regular or major revisions). |
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
Not applicable. |
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17.2.1. Data revision - average size | |||
Not applicable. |
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18.1. Source data | |||
CVTS 6 is a mandatory, stand-alone survey, conducted every 5 years. See table 18.1 "Source data and data collection" in annex "CY - QR tables CVTS 2020 (excel)". |
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | |||
Every 5 years. |
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18.3. Data collection | |||
The questionnaire was designed according to the instructions of the CVTS 6 manual. The primary data collection mode was CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interview), i.e. the questionnaires were completed by the enterprises. CAPI and CATI were used for a few enterprises, as they preferred to provide the data over the phone or at a face-to-face interview. See also table 18.1 "Source data and data collection" in annex "CY - QR tables CVTS 2020 (excel)". Annexes: Questionnaire in Greek Questionnaire in English Interviewer Instructions in Greek |
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18.4. Data validation | |||
Since data were collected using the computer assisted (CAWI) module of Blaise, there were automatic checks during collection. Data were exported to a csv file and imported in SPSS for further checks and validation. Data values which did not belong to the acceptable range specified in the CVTS 6 manual were further investigated and corrected. |
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18.5. Data compilation | |||
Not applicable. |
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18.5.1. Imputation - rate | |||
See table 18.5.1 "Imputation - rate" in annex "CY - QR tables CVTS 2020 (excel)". |
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18.6. Adjustment | |||
Not applicable. |
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18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment | |||
Not applicable. |
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No comment. |
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CY - QR tables CVTS 2020 (excel) |