Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Business Statistical Department, Short-Term Business Statistics Section
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia
Lacplesa Street 1,
Riga, LV-1013
Latvia
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
2 June 2026
2.2. Metadata last posted
2 June 2026
2.3. Metadata last update
2 June 2026
3.1. Data description
Monthly Indicator : Production (index) calculated using:
Results of monthly survey of Servises (“2–apgrozījums”) - indicator net turnover.
Deflators (consumer price indices and producer price indices for services).
Weights (value added).
3.2. Classification system
Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE Rev.2).
3.3. Coverage - sector
The monthly survey of Services, which is the main data souce for Services Production index, covers units with the main activity according NACE 2.Rev is H-J; L; M\(701;72 and 75);N
Observation units under the cut-off threshold are not included in the sampling frame.
Thresholds can be find in Annex "Cut-off thresholds Services year 2025"
Size groups by turnover are defined different in each activity group.
The production volume index is the reference indicator for economic development and it is used in particular to identify turning points in economic development at an early stage.
The volume index of services production describes changes in the volume in the reference period compared with the base period.
3.5. Statistical unit
Starting with the data for January 2024, the statistical unit KAU has been introduced, ensuring the backcastung of time series until January 2021.
3.6. Statistical population
The target population covers economically active units during the year 2024 (previous year) with main activity NACE 2.Rev is H-J; L; M\(701;72 and 75);N
The sampling frame for survey on Turnover in Service (main data source for Services Production index) is made from Statistical Business Register and consists of economically active units during the year 2024 (previous year).
The sampling frame is regulary (monthly) updated by adding new units.
In 2025 this survey realized a sample of 3386 units.
3.7. Reference area
Latvia
3.8. Coverage - Time
Time series for this indicator according to NACE Rev. 2 are available from 2015.
3.9. Base period
2021
Indices (%)
Month
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Statistics Law adopted by Saeima on 4 June 2015, is a legal base for all statistics.
Rules of Cabinet of Minister of the Republic of Latvia No 816 of 17 December 2024 concerning to Official StatisticsProgramme program for the years 2025 - 2027.
REGULATION (EU) 2019/2152 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 November 2019 on European business statistics, repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics
No data transmitted to other international organizations, except EUROSTAT.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Confidentiality of the information provided by respondents is protected by the Statistics Law stipulating rights and obligations of the Central Statistical Bureau and other state authorities producing official statistics.
Statistics Law adopted by Saeima on 4 June 2015, is a legal base for all statistics.
Data are published only at a level of activity at which it is not confidential. Confidential data is not given to users.
Data are confidential if (primary criteria for determining confidentiality):
A summary score derived from one two or three statistical units (enterprises);
Share of the one statistical unit (enterprise) is 80% or more;
Share of the summary from two statistical units (enterprise) is 90% or more.
8.1. Release calendar
Release calendar is publicly accessible on the Official Statistics Portal. The data are published within 60 days after the end of the reference period.
The data are released simultaneously to all interested parties by issuing a press release at 13.00 o’clock of the local time.
Production indices in Servises available on the Official statistics portal database under section Trade and Services.
Time series of Servises from January 2015.
Production indices available in the form of non-adjusted, seasonally adjusted and calendar adjusted data.
The indices are calculated every month against the previous month, against the corresponding pmonth of the previous year and against the average monthly turnover of 2021.
Data on turnover indices in Services available on the homepage of Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat) in section: Industry, Trade and Services/ Short-term business statistics/ Trade and Services/Services/Production in Services.
A methodological description of the survey and data is available on the Official statistics portal under section Trade and Services together with each data table.
Management Systems of the Central Statistical Bureau (CSB) are certified according to requirements of ISO 9001:2015 standard "Quality management systems – Requirements" and information security management system standard ISO 27001:2013.
The Quality Policy of CSB consists of the CSB's vision, mission, core values and commitment to meet the requirements, follow good practice and ensure continuous improvement. The quality policy is designed and implemented in accordance with the CSB strategy (3-year period) and the action plan.
The National Statistical System of Latvia (hereinafter – NSS of Latvia) is established by statistical institutions and the Statistical Council. The managing institution of the NSS of Latvia is the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia (hereinafter – the CSB), which implements functional subordination over other statistical institutions in the field of production of official statistics, providing methodological guidelines, by supervising the conformity of production of official statistics with the laws and regulations, and also by issuing orders that are required to produce official statistics.
To ensure that NSS of Latvia has common principles and requirements, CSB has developed the Quality Policy of the National Statistical System of Latvia and imposed total quality requirements for statistical institutions which are based on European Statistics Code of Practice.
For implementation of Quality Policy of the NSS of Latvia, the CSB has developed a Memorandum of Understanding, by which the statistical institutions confirm their commitment to implementing and promoting quality standards in their statistical institutions.
Guidelines for Implementation of European Statistics Code of Practice were developed to facilitate common perception and understanding of the requirements imposed by the Code of Practice. Based on the situation in Latvia, the Guidelines explain principles of the Code, as well as indicators and statistical terms used, moreover, requirements are supplemented with binding national legislation, explanatory information, and examples of good practice.
The Quality Policy of CSB consists of the CSB's vision, mission, core values and commitment to meet the requirements, follow good practice and ensure continuous improvement. The quality policy is designed and implemented in accordance with the CSB strategy (3-year period) and the action plan.
Statistical dissemination policy defines general principles of statistical data dissemination, availability of CSB`s products and services for data users, communication with data users, cooperation with the media, availability of individual data for scientific and educational purposes.
Production indices on Servicess are produced in compliance with methodological requirements and standards.
Indicators of compliance, accuracy and reliability, timeliness and punctuality, comparability and coherence are recorded on a monthly basis.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
The main users are: Eurostat, the Ministry of Economics, Ministry of Finance, Bank of Latvia, European Central Bank, Business Associations, Quarterly National Accounts Section of Macroeconomic Statistics Department (internal user), students, media and enterprises.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
In 2025 the user satisfaction survey about short term statistics on Services was not conducted.
12.3. Completeness
All short term statistics on Services is available in accordance with requirements of the regulations in 2025:
REGULATION (EU) 2019/2152 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 November 2019 on European business statistics, repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics
13.1. Accuracy - overall
The sampling error in the turnover data (which is the main data source for production index) and the non-sampling error is small. The first estimates are not biased. The results of turnover are normally final after two months from the first release.
But revision of services production index are caused also by late availability and reference period of production price indices for servises, wich are used for deflation of turnover in the process of calculation of Services production index.
13.2. Sampling error
The main data source for Services production index is turnover, which is collected in monthly survey uf services.
Simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) method was used for this survey.
Smallest units (about 43% of population) with total yearly turnover contribution under cut-off thresholds are not included in sample frame.
Coefficients of variation are monthly monitored for each NACE group used for stratification.
Average monthly CV for summary estimation of turnover for H-J + L + M\(701;72;75) + N is 0.72%
13.3. Non-sampling error
The main data source for Services production index is turnover, which is collected in monthly survey uf services.
Quality indicatars for this survey:
Over-coverage rate is on average 2.2%.
The average unit response rate is 93.8%.
The average size -weighted unit response rate is 86.9%.
At the time when data are provided to Eurostat and published nationally the response rate is the same.
For increasing the response rate there is an e-mail reminder of non-respondents as well as a telephone follow up.
Missing data imputation is used to compensate the non-response of the large units. VAT data or the data of the previous period corrected with the average growth rate in the activity concerned are apllied for imputation. Average imputation rate in 2025 was 2,0%.
14.1. Timeliness
According to the publication calendar, data are published on the Latvian Official Statistics Portal on the 60th day after the reference period or on the previous working day, if this day falls on a holiday.
On the same day, the data are also sent to Eurostat. In 2025, data are always published according to plan.
The information letters about questionnaires (turnover survey) for the next year are sent to respondents at the end of the year.
The deadline for replies to questionnaires is the 20th day after the end of each reference month.
The data collection from respondents is closed on the 30th day after the reference month.
Until T+45 days integration of administrative data is provided.
14.2. Punctuality
The data was published according to CSB working plan and sent to Eurostat in accordance with deadlines.
Data published according to schedule 100%.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
The statistics are produced following the principles of the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152, so the results are comparable between EU countries.
The same statistical concepts are applied in the entire Latvian territory.
15.2. Comparability - over time
Data are comparable since year 2015.
Until the end of 2025, the length of the series is 132 months.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
When yearly statistics are available the comparison with the yearly data is done. The monthly turnover data (main data source of services production index) is checked with the administrative data from the State Revenue Service.
Data are also compared with results of business trend surveys.
15.4. Coherence - internal
The aggregates are consistent with their main sub-aggregates.
The monthly survey of Services (main data source of services production index).
Burden of respondents in 2025 was2332hours per year ( on average 194 h per month).
With the significant increase in availability of administrative dat for calculating of services production index, the workload of respondents has been significantly reduced in 2025.
Taking into account that the questionnaire is provided by only a part of the sampled respondents, but part of the data is integrated from the administrative data, the burden per respondent is 2.3 hours per year, but on average 12 minutes per month.
The monthly survey of services is the main basis for providing two indicators: service turnover index and service production index. These costs include the preparation of both of these indicators.
17.1. Data revision - policy
CSB Revision policy has been laid down in accordance with European Union and international recommendations and good practice.
The same Revision policy is applied nacionally and in transmissions to Eurostat.
Within the context of survey of Services statistics routine revisions of statistical data concern:
Further revision of the published data caused by availability of deflators for an appropriate period ;
Example: Production price index for NACE 62 (programming) is availibal only more than 2 month atter reference period. reference period for Services production index is "month", but for production price indeces for services "quarter".
Further revision of the published data, adding revised or more detailed information;
Example: when publishing production indices of latest month the indices of two prewious periods are revised, because respondents have corrected data from previous periods or we have replaced the imputed data with late submissions.
Revision of the published data, using the seasonal adjustment method;
Example: as the data on new period are added, the seasonally or working day adjusted retail trade turnover index may change every month, because mathematical programme recalculates all previous periods of the time series.
Revision of the published data in accordance with the changes in methodology or classifications.
Example: data series were changed in January 2009, due to the introduction of the NACE Rev. 2.
Methodological changes are announced at the time of the changes. Major changes, like the implementation of NACE Rev.2, are announced before being introduced.
Revision Policy Guidlines are available on the CSB website.
The revision policy is applied nationally and for data transmittion to Eurostat.
One standard type of questionnaires are used each month.
The survey on turnover of Services “2-apgrozijums” (2-turnover) is used for data collection and it is collected from Services units of NACE Rev. 2 H-J; L;M\(701;72;75);N.
Sampling frame is made using information from Statistical Business Register (SBR).
The main mode of data collection in both surveys is e-questionnaire.
Part of the sampled units (~43%) are not surveyed - their monthly data are integrated from administrative sources (VAT declaration).
18.4. Data validation
The CSB has the main program used for data entering, processing with automatic control and validation tools - ISDMS (Integrated Statistical Data Management System). The electronic form of questionnaire contains built-in logical controls that draw respondent's attention to possible errors. Data received via electronic questionnaire are further validated by statisticians, using built-in logical controls. When the ISDMS software indicates a possible error, statistician requests the respondent to confirm or to correct data.
The obtained results are compared over the previous period, the same period with the previous year and the base year. The data are compared also with available statistics data (financial and other surveys), administrative data from State Revenue Service. The STS data are compared with SBS data as well.
18.5. Data compilation
The data of large non-respondent units are imputed from the VAT declaration of State Revenue Serice (administrative data).
For others in order to take into account response rate within each of the stratum the stratum sample size is replaced by the number of units participating in the survey.
The results are grossed up. The weights are calculated as a ratio of the number of units in the population and the number of respondents in each stratum.
The grossed up data are used for the calculation of indices. The indices are calculated from the turnover (non-adjusted, seasonally adjusted and working day adjusted).
The turnover index is compiled by comparing the new value of the reporting period directly with the average value of the base period.
18.6. Adjustment
The details of statistical procedures used for adjusting of the services data are described in the annexes "SA Services production index 2024".
Monthly Indicator : Production (index) calculated using:
Results of monthly survey of Servises (“2–apgrozījums”) - indicator net turnover.
Deflators (consumer price indices and producer price indices for services).
Weights (value added).
2 June 2026
Services production is presented as an index.
The production volume index is the reference indicator for economic development and it is used in particular to identify turning points in economic development at an early stage.
The volume index of services production describes changes in the volume in the reference period compared with the base period.
Starting with the data for January 2024, the statistical unit KAU has been introduced, ensuring the backcastung of time series until January 2021.
The target population covers economically active units during the year 2024 (previous year) with main activity NACE 2.Rev is H-J; L; M\(701;72 and 75);N
The sampling frame for survey on Turnover in Service (main data source for Services Production index) is made from Statistical Business Register and consists of economically active units during the year 2024 (previous year).
The sampling frame is regulary (monthly) updated by adding new units.
In 2025 this survey realized a sample of 3386 units.
Latvia
Month
The sampling error in the turnover data (which is the main data source for production index) and the non-sampling error is small. The first estimates are not biased. The results of turnover are normally final after two months from the first release.
But revision of services production index are caused also by late availability and reference period of production price indices for servises, wich are used for deflation of turnover in the process of calculation of Services production index.
Indices (%)
The data of large non-respondent units are imputed from the VAT declaration of State Revenue Serice (administrative data).
For others in order to take into account response rate within each of the stratum the stratum sample size is replaced by the number of units participating in the survey.
The results are grossed up. The weights are calculated as a ratio of the number of units in the population and the number of respondents in each stratum.
The grossed up data are used for the calculation of indices. The indices are calculated from the turnover (non-adjusted, seasonally adjusted and working day adjusted).
The turnover index is compiled by comparing the new value of the reporting period directly with the average value of the base period.
Data of other services turnover index are collected from monthly Statistical survey on turnover (questionnaire "2-apgrozijums").
Sampling frame is made using information from Statistical Business Register (SBR).
A new sample drawn every year.
The sample is constructed as a stratified simple random sample. In order to divide units into strata the following criteria are taken into account:
Main activity of the unit according NACE Rev. - enterprises divided into 41 NACE groups
The turnover - in each NACE group enterprises divided in maximum 8 turnover groups
Part of the sampled units (~43%) are not surveyed - their monthly data are integrated from administrative sources (VAT declaration).
According to the publication calendar, data are published on the Latvian Official Statistics Portal on the 60th day after the reference period or on the previous working day, if this day falls on a holiday.
On the same day, the data are also sent to Eurostat. In 2025, data are always published according to plan.
The information letters about questionnaires (turnover survey) for the next year are sent to respondents at the end of the year.
The deadline for replies to questionnaires is the 20th day after the end of each reference month.
The data collection from respondents is closed on the 30th day after the reference month.
Until T+45 days integration of administrative data is provided.
The statistics are produced following the principles of the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152, so the results are comparable between EU countries.
The same statistical concepts are applied in the entire Latvian territory.
Data are comparable since year 2015.
Until the end of 2025, the length of the series is 132 months.
