Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
The Production Indices in Services Sections refer to the whole Country and they cover the divisions 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 68, 69, 70.2, 71, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81 και 82 of economic activity, according to NACE Rev.2 (Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community).
For the compilation of the production indices, firstly the turnover data are collected monthly from a sample of enterprises (units) with economic activity in the above sectors and then is compiled after a deflation by price indices for each division where the price index refers.
The indices are compiled monthly for each division, with working-day adjustment (actual number of working days).
3.2. Classification system
The statistical classification of economic activities NACE Rev. 2 is applied, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 of the Council and the European Parliament.
3.3. Coverage - sector
The Production Indices in Services Sections are compiled as individual indices, and in accordance with the NACE Rev. 2 classification they cover the following divisions and the specific activities for each division:
Division 49: Land transport and transport via pipelines;
Division 50: Water transport;
Division 51: Air transport;
Division 52: Warehousing and support activities for transportation;
Division 53: Postal and courier activities;
Division 55: Accommodation activities;
Division 56: Food Service activities;
Division 58: Publishing activities;
Division 59: Motion picture, video and television program production, sound recording and music publishing activitie;
Division 60: Programming and broadcasting activities;
Division 61: Telecommunications;
Division 62: Computer programming, consultancy and related activities;
Division 63: Information service activities;
Division 68: Real estate activities;
Division 69: Legal and accounting activities;
Division 70.2: Management consultancy activities;
Division 71: Architectural and engineering activities, technical testing and analysis;
Division 73: Advertising and market research;
Division 74: Other professional, scientific and technical activities;
Division 77: Rental and Leasing activities;
Division 78: Employment activities;
Division 79: Travel agency, tour operator reservation service and related activities;
Division 80: Security and investigation activities;
Division 81: Services to buildings and landscape activities;
Division 82: Office administrative, office support and other business support activities.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The Production Indices in Services Sections are indices of the enterprise’s economic cycle showing the evolution of the services market. Their purpose is to measure the activity of the services sectors in volume terms. Firstly, the turnover is calculated without VAT and includes the total amounts invoiced by the enterprise per Kind of Activity Unit (KAU) during the reference period. The definitions used, in accordance with Commission Regulation (EC) No 2019/2152 of the Commission on the Implementation of Regulation (EC) No 2020/1197 of the Council "on short-term statistics", are as follows:
Turnover comprises the totals invoiced by the observation unit during the reference period, which correspond to sales of goods or services supplied to third parties. It also includes any other charges (transport, packaging, etc.) charged to the customer, even if these expenses are listed separately in the invoice.
Turnover does not include VAT and other similar deductible taxes directly linked to production, as well as all duties and taxes on the services invoiced by the enterprise.Price reductions and discounts, as well as the value of returned packaging must be deducted. Price reductions, rebates and bonuses conceded later to clients, for example at the end of the year, are not considered. Income classified as other operating income, financial income and extraordinary income in company accounts are excluded from turnover.
According to this definition, the following items are mainly included:
sales of manufactured products;
sales of products manufactured by subcontractors;
sales of goods purchased for resale in the same condition as received;
invoiced services provided;
sales of by-products;
invoiced charges for packaging and transport;
hours worked invoiced to third parties for labor-only subcontracting;
invoiced mounting, installation and repair services;
invoiced instalments (stage payments);
invoiced software development and software licenses;
sales of supplied electric power, gas, heat, steam and water;
sales of waste and scrap materials;
subsidies on products.
Depending on the treatment of the income classified as ‘other operating income, financial income and extraordinary income’ in the company accounts, the following items are generally not included:
VAT and other similar deductible taxes directly linked to production, as well as all duties and taxes on the goods or services invoiced by the unit;
commissions;
leases and rentals;
leases for own production units and machines if used by third parties;
leases of company-owned buildings;
income from license fees;
income from staff facilities (for example from a factory canteen);
the supply of products and services within the observation unit;
sales of own land and fixed assets;
sales or leases of own properties;
sales of shares;
income from interest and dividends;
other extraordinary income.
The above items can be included if they generate turnover for the observation unit’s main field of activity.
3.5. Statistical unit
The research unit (observation unit) used for the collection of the survey data is the enterprise per Kind of Activity Unit (KAU).
3.6. Statistical population
Concerning the survey of the Production Indices in Services Sections for the abovementioned divisions of the NACE Rev. 2, the population of enterprises is the units with annual production in 2021 equal or higher than:
50,000 euro for division 74,
75,000 euro for divisions 69, 71,
80,000 euro for division 56,
100,000 euro for divisions 63, 68, 70.2, 77, 81,
125,000 euro for division 59,
200,000 euro for division 53,
220,000 euro for division 55,
300,000 euro for divisions 49, 50, 58, 62, 73, 78, 82,
380,000 euro for division 79,
400,000 euro for division 80,
600,000 euro for division 52,
29,500,000 euro for division 53,
315,000,000 euro for division 61.
The population for the above-mentioned divisions of the NACE Rev. 2 statistical classification, is 46,284 enterprises in the reference base year 2021, from which a random representative sample of 6,235 enterprises was therefore selected and surveyed.
3.7. Reference area
The Indices cover the entire Greece, as data are collected by enterprises established in all regions of the country.
3.8. Coverage - Time
The time series of the Production (volume) Indices in Services Sections (2021=100.0) is published monthly since March 2021.
3.9. Base period
Base year (b.y.) is the year 2021 (2021=100.0).
Indices, monthly and annual rates of change (%).
The reference period is the month.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
The legal framework concerning the organization and operation of ELSTAT is as follows:
Law 3832/2010 (Government Gazette No 38, Issue Α): "Hellenic Statistical System Establishment of the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) as an Independent Authority", as amended and in force.
Regulation on the Operation and Administration of the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT), 2012, (Government Gazette No 2390, Issue B, 28 August 2012).
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, on the European statistics (Official Journal of the European Union L 87/164).
Article 14 of the Law 3470/2006 (Government Gazette No 132, Issue A): “National Export Council, tax regulations and other provisions”.
Article 3, paragraph 1c, of the Law 3448/2006 (Government Gazette No 57, Issue A): “For the further use of information coming from the public sector and the settlement of matters falling within the responsibility of the Ministry of Interior, Public Administration and Decentralization”.
European Statistics Code of Practice, adopted by the Statistical Programme Committee on 24 February 2005 and promulgated in the Commission Recommendation of 25 May 2005 on the independence, integrity and accountability of the national and Community statistical Authorities, after its revision, which was adopted on 28 September 2011 by the European Statistical System Committee.
Presidential Decree 226/2000 (Government Gazette No 195, Issue Α): “Organization of the General Secretariat of the National Statistical Service of Greece”.
Articles 4, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 of the Law 2392/1996 (Government Gazette No 60, Issue Α): "Access of the General Secretariat of the National Statistical Service of Greece to administrative sources and administrative files, Statistical Confidentiality Committee, settlement of matters concerning the conduct of censuses and statistical works, as well as of matters of the General Secretariat of the National Statistical Service of Greece".
The Legal Framework is detailed in the following website (Legal-framework).
The compilation and publication of the indices are based on the Regulation (EU) No 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics, as well as Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 2019/2152. Furthermore, the indices are governed by Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
The Production Indices for divisions of Services Sections are transmitted to Eurostat according to Regulation (EU) No 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics, as well as Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
The issues concerning the observance of statistical confidentiality by the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) are arranged by articles 7, 8 and 9 of the Law 3832/2010 as in force, by Articles 8, 10 and 11(2) of the Regulation on Statistical Obligations of the agencies of the Hellenic Statistical System and by Articles 10 and 15 of the Regulation on the Operation and Administration of ELSTAT.
More precisely:
ELSTAT disseminates the statistics in compliance with the statistical principles of the European Statistics Code of Practice and with the principle of statistical confidentiality. See more details on this website (Statistical confidentiality).
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
ELSTAT protects and does not disseminate data it has obtained, or it has access to, which enable the direct or indirect identification of the statistical units that have provided them by the disclosure of individual information directly received for statistical purposes or indirectly supplied from administrative or other sources. ELSTAT takes all appropriate preventive measures to render impossible the identification of individual statistical units by technical or other means that might reasonably be used by a third party. Statistical data that could potentially enable the identification of the statistical unit are disseminated by ELSTAT if and only if:
a) these data have been treated, as it is specifically set out in the Regulation on Statistical Obligations of the agencies of the Hellenic Statistical System (ELSS), in such a way that their dissemination does not prejudice statistical confidentiality or
b) the statistical unit has given its consent, without any reservations, for the disclosure of data.
The confidential data that are transmitted by ELSS agencies to ELSTAT are used exclusively for statistical purposes and the only persons who have the right to have access to these data are the personnel engaged in this task and appointed by an act of the President of ELSTAT.
ELSTAT may grant researchers conducting statistical analyses for scientific purposes access to data that enable the indirect identification of the statistical units concerned. The access is granted provided the following conditions are satisfied:
an appropriate request together with a detailed research proposal in conformity with current scientific standards have been submitted;
the research proposal indicates in sufficient detail the set of data to be accessed, the methods of analyzing them, and the time needed for the research;
a contract specifying the conditions for access, the obligations of the researchers, the measures for respecting the confidentiality of statistical data and the sanctions in case of breach of these obligations has been signed by the individual researcher, by his/her institution, or by the organization commissioning the research, as the case may be, and by ELSTAT.
Issues referring to the observance of statistical confidentiality are examined by the Statistical Confidentiality Committee (SCC) operating in ELSTAT. The responsibilities of this Committee are to make recommendations to the President of ELSTAT on:
the level of detail at which statistical data can be disseminated, so as the identification, either directly or indirectly, of the surveyed statistical unit is not possible;
the anonymization criteria for the microdata provided to users;
the granting to researchers accesses to confidential data for scientific purposes.
The staff of ELSTAT, under any employment status, as well as the temporary survey workers who are employed for the collection of statistical data in statistical surveys conducted by ELSTAT, who acquire access by any means to confidential data, are bound by the principle of confidentiality and must use these data exclusively for the statistical purposes of ELSTAT. After the termination of their term of office, they are not allowed to use these data for any purpose.
Violation of data confidentiality and/or statistical confidentiality by any civil servant or employee of ELSTAT constitutes the disciplinary offence of violation of duty and may be punished with the penalty of final dismissal.
ELSTAT, by its decision, may impose a penalty amounting from ten thousand (10,000) up to two hundred thousand (200,000) euros to anyone who violates the confidentiality of data and/or statistical confidentiality. The penalty is always imposed after the hearing of the defense of the person liable for the breach, depending on the gravity and the repercussions of the violation. Any relapse constitutes an aggravating factor for the assessment of the administrative sanction.
8.1. Release calendar
At the beginning of September of each year, ELSTAT publishes a release calendar with the precise release dates for the following year.
8.2. Release calendar access
The release calendar is distributed to the press and is available free of charge to all interested parties. The calendar is also available on the official website of ELSTAT (Releases calendar).
8.3. Release policy - user access
In compliance with the Community’s legal framework and the “The European Statistics Code of Practice”, ELSTAT disseminates national statistics on its website, with respect to the professional independence, with objectivity, professionalism and transparency, where all users are treated equitably.
In this content, data are released simultaneously to all interested parties and users through an Announcement on The Turnover and Production Indices in Services Sections, which is posted on the website of ELSTAT (Turnover Indices in Services Sections / 1st Quarter25), according to the Release Calendar. This Announcement is also available by e-mail to all interested parties. In addition, data are transmitted to Eurostat on a predefined date, concomitantly with their national publication.
The Production Indices in Services Sections are produced and disseminated monthly.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
The Production Indices in Services Sections are released on a quarterly basis in a standardized Announcement named: “Monthly Turnover and Production Indices in the Services Sector (of the quarterly period)”, within specified deadlines, t+60 days after the end of the data reference quarter (t) at 12:00. This Announcement presents the recently calculated indices available in both Greek and English language. The Announcement can be sent, mainly by e-mail, to the press and any other users or parties interested in the indices free of charge. It is also available on the website of ELSTAT (Turnover Indices in Services Sections / 1st Quarter 2025).
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
The Turnover and Production Indices in Services Sections, except of the quarterly Announcement, are also included in specific publication of ELSTAT, such as: “The Greek Economy”.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
There is no on-line database for the Production Indices in Services Sections.
Data tables - consultations
In year 2024 interest on the webpage for the Production Indices in Services Sections, amounts to 23,724 webpage hits for.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Data are available after submitting a request to ELSTAT, Division of Statistical Information and Publications, Peiraios 46 & Eponiton, 18510, Piraeus, tel. (+30) 213 135 2022, e-mail: data.dissem@statistics.gr
Access to microdata is only permitted under strict conditions and always with due process.
More information are available on the website link.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Users can be given data or further analysis, usually by e-mail after submitting a request, describing the requested data to the Section of Statistical Dissemination (the Trade and Services Indices Section will be informed), at the following e-mail addresses: data.dissem@statistics.gr, data.supply@statistics.gr και data.source@statistics.gr.
Users can also submit their requests electronically, through the portal at (Statistical data request).
There is no (in year 2023) yet interest on the webpage for the Production Indices in Services Sections, as the first data of these indices released at the end of March 2024.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
The methodology for the compilation of the index is laid down by ELSTAT, considering international practices and, in particular, Eurostat’s recommendations: (Methodology).
The Methodology of Short-term Business Statistics contains a comprehensive set of recommendations on the compilation of the STS statistics (Products manuals and guidelines).
Metadata completeness – rate.
The metadata for the compilation of Production Indices for Production Indices in Services Sections are available on the website of ELSTAT (Turnover Indices in Services Sections / 1st Quarter 2025). Therefore, the metadata completeness rates amount to 100%.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
A concise oriented for user’s quality report is available on the website:
11.1. Quality assurance
The Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) aims to assure and improve the quality of any produced statistics and maintain the confidence of users to them. This can be achieved by the application of “Quality Policy of ELSTAT”, which is available on the ESLTAT website (Policies). Quality control and data vilification are carried out throughout the whole process of the index’s compilation, specifically from data collection to the final calculation of the indices.
First, efficiently trained and experienced staff is utilized in all stages of the index’s compilation, such as data collection, which includes communication with companies, initial checks, data entry and the final verification, which is conducted after the calculation of the indices. This practice offers to personnel the opportunity for a comprehensive and enduring image of the companies under their responsibility.
The data are validated either before, or after their admission, using logical checks. Data processing includes proper research to identify possible errors and eventually correct them. After the identification of possible errors, further investigation is conducted in collaboration with the enterprise, to be confirmed that it is a true error or an unusual price, while data are checked for completeness, accuracy and consistency of the correlating variables.
For the needs of indices calculation, specialized software is necessary, demonstrating automated procedures “routines” for all necessary calculations, eliminating any errors to the results. Nevertheless, even during this stage, consistency checks are carried out to the results, mainly by comparing the change rates of each index.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
The Production Indices in Services Sections are reliable and sufficiently accurate indices, as:
the concepts, definitions, and methodology applied in compilation of the production Indices follow European and international standards and guidelines;
the accuracy of data used is accomplished by quality controls for their validation an;
the production indices are compiled since the year 2024 (also have been computed since 2021) and therefore there is not enough experience and know-how to deal with data has been acquired.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
The Production Indices in Services Sections wish to meet national needs, as well as needs of European and other users. The main national users (as the turnover indices) are the government, other public agencies, the Central Bank of Greece, other Hellenic banks, Hellenic Confederation of Trade and Enterprise (ESSE) several financial institutions, economic analysts, media and public, while at the international level, the main user is Eurostat and other international organisations (ECB, IMF, OECD etc).
For the domestic market, indices wish to be used as a tool to provide useful information for the evolution of the services market, to define government economic policy and to facilitate business or other decision-making. At a European level, there is a need to provide completely comparable statistics, to define European economic policy.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
The users’ needs are monitored on a regular basis to secure the satisfaction level. Moreover, ELSTAT conducts a survey, to monitor the satisfaction of each user every six months. Further information concerning the results of Users’ Satisfaction Survey is available at the following webiste (User satisfaction survey).
Furthermore, the Hellenic Statistical Authority operates a User’s Conference annually, in which representatives from institutions of private and public sector, as well as representatives from educational and research institutions take part in. These conferences provide to ELSTAT the opportunity to collect comments and further suggestions from users relative to the dissemination and the accessibility of statistical information and the gaps in the production of statistics. More information about conference is available at this website (User conferences).
12.3. Completeness
The compilation of the Production Indices in Services Sections is in full compliance with the relevant European Regulations.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
The accuracy of indices (as the turnover indices) is influenced by:
sampling errors and,
non-sampling errors.
Sampling errors occur since for the index’s compilation, the whole target population of enterprises is not investigated, but a sample of them is used instead. Non-sampling errors of indices refer mainly to data errors and non-response errors of the sample enterprises. Measurement errors during data collection are identified by quality checks and then they are corrected. Regarding non-response errors, every effort is made so as the units that have not responded to provide the requested data.
13.2. Sampling error
For the survey of the Production indices and for the calculation of the sampling errors, we need more periods with data collected (except these previous data which have been estimated since 2021).
13.3. Non-sampling error
Non-sampling errors are possible to appear as described analytically below (for the turnover data). However, every effort is focused on detection and correction of errors, as well as with the revision of data where necessary.
Unit non – response
The non-response of enterprises is treated with telephone contacting (for the turnover data), reminders via fax or e-mail and personal visits to businesses to achieve the collection of the requested information or the best estimation when data are not possible. The cases, in which the companies have not responded despite all efforts, are dealt with estimations based on administrative data and previous year data, considering the evolution of the enterprise or market division of economic activity.
Item non - response
Nonresponse to a demanded item is treated with telephone or e-mail communication (for the turnover data). Administrative data are also considered for validation or estimation.
Coverage error
* Over-coverage – rate
We need more periods with data collected for estimating these figures.
* Common units – proportion
The percentage of units covered by both the survey and administrative sources, relative to the total number of units surveyed, is approximately 93% (like the turnover data).
Measurement error
Some measurement errors are observed, such as errors in reported data by enterprises surveyed (for the turnover data). These errors are usually traced easily by making crosschecks with reported data in the previous periods and are corrected after telephone or e-mail contacting.
Nonresponse error
The weighted variable used in production is considered approximately like the turnover data.
Where on this weighted variable (used in turnover data), the size-weighed response rate on 3rd quarter 2024 for each division is Rrsw =100%.
Processing error
After the collection of turnover data, the processing is made using a specific software program, which ensures the data correctness in a high level in various stages of processing, from data entry to the compilation of the Turnover Indices.
The Production (volume) Index is derived from the Turnover Index, when it is deflated (divided) by the composition of the Harmonized Index of Consumer Price Index (HICPI) with constant taxes (HICP-CT) and the Producer Price Indices in Services (SPPI), in the respective classes of divisions that each category of price index refers to.
Additionally, the conduction of logical controls and the comparison of the corresponding annual changes ensure tracking and correction of every error of this kind.
Model assumption error
No model is used for the compilation of the index.
14.1. Timeliness
The Production Indices in Services Sections are published through a press release t+60 days after the end of the reference quarter (t).
14.2. Punctuality
The Production Indices in Services Sections are published on the pre-announced release dates.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
The Regulation (EU) No 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics, as well as Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197 and the STS methodological guidelines are applied for the compilation of the Indices. This fact ensures a good comparability with the European and national indices, considering the special conditions that apply to each country which may dictate minor methodological deviations.
Asymmetry for mirror flows statistics – coefficient
There are no mirror flows statistics among EU Member States in the Production Indices in Services Sections.
15.2. Comparability - over time
The Production Indices time series, with b.y. 2021=100.0 are available since January 2021.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Coherence – sub annual and annual statistics
Regular crosschecksare made based on comparisons with the results of other surveys, such as with the results of the Annual Structural Business Survey (SBS) as soon as they become available and there is a consistency in the trend of the indices. The deviations observed are because the monthly or quarterly surveys of Production Indices keep constant the number of the monitored companies of the sample of the base year 2021 = 100.0 in the sample reductions, while the SBS uses a different number of companies each year. In addition, the survey of Production Indices is monthly, and results are announced no later than t+60 days after the end of the surveyed quarter (t), while SBS is annual and results are announced no later than 18 months after the end of the reference year, therefore surveyed units have finalized their financial results for the reference year.
Coherence – National Accounts
The Production Indices in Services Sections are available to the Division of National Accounts for their annual temporary estimations and the compilation of the quarterly National Accounts. Therefore, the rate of change of the index is coherent with the corresponding rate of change of GDP.
15.4. Coherence - internal
The estimation of the Indices has a high internal coherence, as a single database is used.
Regarding the staff of ELSTAT that is involved in the compilation of the index, the annual cost, in working hours in 2024, amounts to 6,613 hours.
With regard to the surveyed enterprises, there is no burden at all, as the compilation is being in our statistical offices.
17.1. Data revision - policy
Pursuant to the provisions of the Council Regulation (EU) 2019/2152, according to which the short-term indices are revised every five (5) years, in years ending in 0 or 5, the first calculation was with b.y. 2021=100.0 due to the impact of the pandemic. The purpose of revision of the Turnover Indices (from where the production indices are compiled), is to adjust the indices to the current developments in trade structure, where in addition to the change of the base year. The revision of the Turnover Indices with b.y. 2021=100.0 was based on the results of the annual survey Structural Business Statistics (SBS) 2021 and the ELSTAT’s Business Register (BR) and for the production indices according to the production data of trade in the year 2021.The same revision policy for all kinds of revisions is applied to data released nationally and to those transmitted to Eurostat to assure coherence.
Data are provisional when first released and become final as soon as all data collected become definite. More specifically, the data released for the most recent month is provisional and they are published along with revised data of the previous month. Monthly revision is made due to late reporting of respondents. Also, each quarter (when the administrative data of the 3rd month of each quarter are available), revisions occur for the months of the referred quarter. Mean Revision (MR) and Mean Absolute Revision (MAR) are not calculated due to the fact that there are not extended retrospective timeseries for Divisions, Sections and total HTNXK indices, as the available turnover monthly data (and the production data), have been calculated since January 2024 for first time.
18.1. Source data
For the compilation of the Production Indices in Services Sections with b.y.: 2021=100.0 a representative sample of 6,235 enterprises was selected (from the total 46,284 enterprises in year 2021), that belonging to divisions 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 68, 69, 70.2, 71, 73, 74, 77, 78, 80, 81 and 82 of the economic activities of the statistical classification NACE Rev. 2.
The enterprises of the sample were selected based on one-stage stratified random sampling. For each of the 2-digit branches of economic activity the surveyed enterprises were further stratified into size classes (stratums) based on their annual production for the year 2021, as follows:
Division
Class (stratum)
Low level
Up level
Division
Class (stratum)
Low level
Up level
49
1
300.000
546.000
70
1
100.000
195.000
49
2
546.000,01
959.000
70
2
195.000,01
370.000
49
3
959.000,01
1.589.000
70
3
370.000,01
690.000
49
4
1.589.000,01
2.673.000
70
4
690.000,01
1.100.000
49
5
2.673.000,01
4.362.000
70
5
1.100.000,01
2.000.000
49
6
4.362.000,01
7.730.000
70
6
2.000.000,01
5.000.000
49
7
7.730.000,01 +
70
7
5.000.000,01+
50
1
300.000
552.000
71
1
75.000
103.500
50
2
552.000,01
946.000
71
2
103.500,01
160.000
50
3
946.000,01
1.540.000
71
3
160.000,01
275.000
50
4
1.540.000,01
2.436.000
71
4
275.000,01
600.000
50
5
2.436.000,01
4.212.000
71
5
600.000,01
1.690.000
50
6
4.212.000,01
7.686.000
71
6
1.690.000,01
3.420.000
50
7
7.686.000,01 +
71
7
3.420.000,01+
52
1
600.000
1.284.000
73
1
300.000
750.000
52
2
1.284.000,01
2.372.000
73
2
750.000,01
1.425.000
52
3
2.372.000,01
4.150.000
73
3
1.425.000,01
2.770.000
52
4
4.150.000,01
6.828.000
73
4
2.770.000,01
4.350.000
52
5
6.828.000,01
11.032.000
73
5
4.350.000,01
7.275.000
52
6
11.032.000,01
17.816.000
73
6
7.275.000,01
20.325.000
52
7
17.816.000,01 +
73
7
20.325.000,01+
55
1
220.000
430.000
74
1
50.000
85.350
55
2
430.000,01
855.000
74
2
85.350,01
155.800
55
3
855.000,01
1.280.000
74
3
155.800,01
300.000
55
4
1.280.000,01
2.000.000
74
4
300.000,01
472.000
55
5
2.000.000,01
3.500.000
74
5
472.000,01
843.000
55
6
3.500.000,01
8.500.000
74
6
843.000,01
1.565.000
55
7
8.500.000,01 +
74
7
1.565.000,01+
56
1
80.000
185.000
77
1
100.000
170.000
56
2
185.000,01
290.000
77
2
170.000,01
283.000
56
3
290.000,01
390.000
77
3
283.000,01
482.000
56
4
390.000,01
600.000
77
4
482.000,01
800.000
56
5
600.000,01
1.115.000
77
5
800.000,01
1.560.000
56
6
1.115.000,01
2.750.000
77
6
1.560.000,01
3.000.000
56
7
2.750.000,01 +
77
7
3.000.000,01+
58
1
300.000
570.000
78
1
300.000
420.000
58
2
570.000,01
1.190.000
78
2
420.000,01
700.000
58
3
1.190.000,01
1.700.000
78
3
700.000,01
1.250.000
58
4
1.700.000,01
2.400.000
78
4
1.250.000,01
2.350.000
58
5
2.400.000,01
4.350.000
78
5
2.350.000,01
4.100.000
58
6
4.350.000,01
7.580.000
78
6
4.100.000,01
8.000.000
58
7
7.580.000,01 +
78
7
8.000.000,01+
59
1
125.000
270.000
79
1
380.000
570.000
59
2
270.000,01
500.000
79
2
570.000,01
875.000
59
3
500.000,01
1.000.000
79
3
875.000,01
1.500.000
59
4
1.000.000,01
1.600.000
79
4
1.500.000,01
2.200.000
59
5
1.600.000,01
2.620.000
79
5
2.200.000,01
2.930.000
59
6
2.620.000,01
3.430.000
79
6
2.930.000,01
4.795.000
59
7
3.430.000,01 +
79
7
4.795.000,01+
62
1
300.000
540.000
80
1
400.000
600.000
62
2
540.000,01
905.000
80
2
600.000,01
800.000
62
3
905.000,01
1.380.000
80
3
800.000,01
1.150.000
62
4
1.380.000,01
2.240.000
80
4
1.150.000,01
1.500.000
62
5
2.240.000,01
4.440.000
80
5
1.500.000,01
2.400.000
62
6
4.440.000,01
10.290.000
80
6
2.400.000,01
3.800.000
62
7
10.290.000,01+
80
7
3.800.000,01+
63
1
100.000
188.000
81
1
100.000
195.000
63
2
188.000,01
320.000
81
2
195.000,01
385.000
63
3
320.000,01
540.000
81
3
385.000,01
800.000
63
4
540.000,01
1.100.000
81
4
800.000,01
1.455.000
63
5
1.100.000,01
2.735.000
81
5
1.455.000,01
2.615.000
63
6
2.735.000,01
5.020.000
81
6
2.615.000,01
4.550.000
63
7
5.020.000,01+
81
7
4.550.000,01+
68
1
100.000
285.000
82
1
300.000
752.000
68
2
285.000,01
650.000
82
2
752.000,01
1.620.000
68
3
650.000,01
975.000
82
3
1.620.000,01
2.890.000
68
4
975.000,01
1.500.000
82
4
2.890.000,01
4.870.000
68
5
1.500.000,01
3.100.000
82
5
4.870.000,01
8.000.000
68
6
3.100.000,01
7.500.000
82
6
8.000.000,01
12.090.000
68
7
7.500.000,01+
82
7
12.090.000,01+
69
1
75.000
120.000
53
1
200.000
297.000
69
2
120.000,01
230.000
53
2
297.000,01
447.000
69
3
230.000,01
365.000
53
3
447.000,01
667.000
69
4
365.000,01
685.000
53
4
667.000,01
1.146.000
69
5
685.000,01
1.295.000
53
5
1.146.000,01
2.429.000
69
6
1.295.000,01
2.470.000
53
6
2.429.000,01
5.526.000
69
7
2.470.000,01+
53
7
5.526.000,01 +
In divisions: 51, 60 and 61 the data collection from enterprises is by census.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Data are collected on a monthly basis.
18.3. Data collection
Data for turnover are collected through a specially designed questionnaire. The questionnaires are sent by e-mail and they are collected by e-mail, too. In case of non-response, the surveyed enterprise is contacted by telephone or is sent a reminder by e-mail. Also, the administrative turnover data of the enterprises are collected.
18.4. Data validation
At the national level, data processing includes checking data collected by businesses for the purpose of error detection and correction. Given the difficulty of identifying all the errors, the aim is to identify at least those with significant effect on the results and to achieve a large improvement by correcting them. Logical checks are performed to detect any abnormal values and to investigate further whether they are incorrect or outliers.
While data processing, along with completeness, it is checked whether the relevant changes (annual or monthly) are reasonably consistent. In more detail, the data are compared with those of the preceding months and when large deviations (outside a predetermined range) are detected, they are investigated. The existence of administrative data facilitates the investigation and crosscheck procedures.
Eurostat also conducts validation checks on the national indicators transmitted by the Member States and contacts the reference country, where necessary, to verify the correctness of the extreme values.
18.5. Data compilation
The Production (volume) Indices in Services Sections are compiled when firstly the Turnover indices have been calculated by the chain-linking method. Then the Production Index is derived from the Turnover Index for each corresponding division, when the turnover index is deflated (divided) by the composition of the Harmonized Index of Consumer Price Index (HICPI) with constant taxes (HICP-CT) and the Producer Price Indices in Services (SPPI), in the respective classes of divisions that each price index refers to.
Imputation – rate
No imputed values are used to substitute production values in the enterprises sample.
18.6. Adjustment
The indices are adjusted to the working days of the months (as firstly the Turnover indices have been adjusted to the working days of the months).
The weighting coefficients of the working days of the months are reviewed annually.
Seasonal adjustment
Seasonal adjustment is the procedure followed to remove the impact of seasonality on the timeseries (that is eliminating the monthly effects, e.g: the beginning of the school year, holidays, tourist period, etc) to improve the comparability over time. The seasonal adjustment is performed with the application of TRAMO-SEATS method with the use of JDemetra+ 2.0.0. The whole series with seasonally adjusted indices is recalculated every time a new observation is added into the timeseries.
No further momment.
The Production Indices in Services Sections refer to the whole Country and they cover the divisions 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 68, 69, 70.2, 71, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81 και 82 of economic activity, according to NACE Rev.2 (Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community).
For the compilation of the production indices, firstly the turnover data are collected monthly from a sample of enterprises (units) with economic activity in the above sectors and then is compiled after a deflation by price indices for each division where the price index refers.
The indices are compiled monthly for each division, with working-day adjustment (actual number of working days).
30 May 2025
The Production Indices in Services Sections are indices of the enterprise’s economic cycle showing the evolution of the services market. Their purpose is to measure the activity of the services sectors in volume terms. Firstly, the turnover is calculated without VAT and includes the total amounts invoiced by the enterprise per Kind of Activity Unit (KAU) during the reference period. The definitions used, in accordance with Commission Regulation (EC) No 2019/2152 of the Commission on the Implementation of Regulation (EC) No 2020/1197 of the Council "on short-term statistics", are as follows:
Turnover comprises the totals invoiced by the observation unit during the reference period, which correspond to sales of goods or services supplied to third parties. It also includes any other charges (transport, packaging, etc.) charged to the customer, even if these expenses are listed separately in the invoice.
Turnover does not include VAT and other similar deductible taxes directly linked to production, as well as all duties and taxes on the services invoiced by the enterprise.Price reductions and discounts, as well as the value of returned packaging must be deducted. Price reductions, rebates and bonuses conceded later to clients, for example at the end of the year, are not considered. Income classified as other operating income, financial income and extraordinary income in company accounts are excluded from turnover.
According to this definition, the following items are mainly included:
sales of manufactured products;
sales of products manufactured by subcontractors;
sales of goods purchased for resale in the same condition as received;
invoiced services provided;
sales of by-products;
invoiced charges for packaging and transport;
hours worked invoiced to third parties for labor-only subcontracting;
invoiced mounting, installation and repair services;
invoiced instalments (stage payments);
invoiced software development and software licenses;
sales of supplied electric power, gas, heat, steam and water;
sales of waste and scrap materials;
subsidies on products.
Depending on the treatment of the income classified as ‘other operating income, financial income and extraordinary income’ in the company accounts, the following items are generally not included:
VAT and other similar deductible taxes directly linked to production, as well as all duties and taxes on the goods or services invoiced by the unit;
commissions;
leases and rentals;
leases for own production units and machines if used by third parties;
leases of company-owned buildings;
income from license fees;
income from staff facilities (for example from a factory canteen);
the supply of products and services within the observation unit;
sales of own land and fixed assets;
sales or leases of own properties;
sales of shares;
income from interest and dividends;
other extraordinary income.
The above items can be included if they generate turnover for the observation unit’s main field of activity.
The research unit (observation unit) used for the collection of the survey data is the enterprise per Kind of Activity Unit (KAU).
Concerning the survey of the Production Indices in Services Sections for the abovementioned divisions of the NACE Rev. 2, the population of enterprises is the units with annual production in 2021 equal or higher than:
50,000 euro for division 74,
75,000 euro for divisions 69, 71,
80,000 euro for division 56,
100,000 euro for divisions 63, 68, 70.2, 77, 81,
125,000 euro for division 59,
200,000 euro for division 53,
220,000 euro for division 55,
300,000 euro for divisions 49, 50, 58, 62, 73, 78, 82,
380,000 euro for division 79,
400,000 euro for division 80,
600,000 euro for division 52,
29,500,000 euro for division 53,
315,000,000 euro for division 61.
The population for the above-mentioned divisions of the NACE Rev. 2 statistical classification, is 46,284 enterprises in the reference base year 2021, from which a random representative sample of 6,235 enterprises was therefore selected and surveyed.
The Indices cover the entire Greece, as data are collected by enterprises established in all regions of the country.
The reference period is the month.
The accuracy of indices (as the turnover indices) is influenced by:
sampling errors and,
non-sampling errors.
Sampling errors occur since for the index’s compilation, the whole target population of enterprises is not investigated, but a sample of them is used instead. Non-sampling errors of indices refer mainly to data errors and non-response errors of the sample enterprises. Measurement errors during data collection are identified by quality checks and then they are corrected. Regarding non-response errors, every effort is made so as the units that have not responded to provide the requested data.
Indices, monthly and annual rates of change (%).
The Production (volume) Indices in Services Sections are compiled when firstly the Turnover indices have been calculated by the chain-linking method. Then the Production Index is derived from the Turnover Index for each corresponding division, when the turnover index is deflated (divided) by the composition of the Harmonized Index of Consumer Price Index (HICPI) with constant taxes (HICP-CT) and the Producer Price Indices in Services (SPPI), in the respective classes of divisions that each price index refers to.
Imputation – rate
No imputed values are used to substitute production values in the enterprises sample.
For the compilation of the Production Indices in Services Sections with b.y.: 2021=100.0 a representative sample of 6,235 enterprises was selected (from the total 46,284 enterprises in year 2021), that belonging to divisions 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 68, 69, 70.2, 71, 73, 74, 77, 78, 80, 81 and 82 of the economic activities of the statistical classification NACE Rev. 2.
The enterprises of the sample were selected based on one-stage stratified random sampling. For each of the 2-digit branches of economic activity the surveyed enterprises were further stratified into size classes (stratums) based on their annual production for the year 2021, as follows:
Division
Class (stratum)
Low level
Up level
Division
Class (stratum)
Low level
Up level
49
1
300.000
546.000
70
1
100.000
195.000
49
2
546.000,01
959.000
70
2
195.000,01
370.000
49
3
959.000,01
1.589.000
70
3
370.000,01
690.000
49
4
1.589.000,01
2.673.000
70
4
690.000,01
1.100.000
49
5
2.673.000,01
4.362.000
70
5
1.100.000,01
2.000.000
49
6
4.362.000,01
7.730.000
70
6
2.000.000,01
5.000.000
49
7
7.730.000,01 +
70
7
5.000.000,01+
50
1
300.000
552.000
71
1
75.000
103.500
50
2
552.000,01
946.000
71
2
103.500,01
160.000
50
3
946.000,01
1.540.000
71
3
160.000,01
275.000
50
4
1.540.000,01
2.436.000
71
4
275.000,01
600.000
50
5
2.436.000,01
4.212.000
71
5
600.000,01
1.690.000
50
6
4.212.000,01
7.686.000
71
6
1.690.000,01
3.420.000
50
7
7.686.000,01 +
71
7
3.420.000,01+
52
1
600.000
1.284.000
73
1
300.000
750.000
52
2
1.284.000,01
2.372.000
73
2
750.000,01
1.425.000
52
3
2.372.000,01
4.150.000
73
3
1.425.000,01
2.770.000
52
4
4.150.000,01
6.828.000
73
4
2.770.000,01
4.350.000
52
5
6.828.000,01
11.032.000
73
5
4.350.000,01
7.275.000
52
6
11.032.000,01
17.816.000
73
6
7.275.000,01
20.325.000
52
7
17.816.000,01 +
73
7
20.325.000,01+
55
1
220.000
430.000
74
1
50.000
85.350
55
2
430.000,01
855.000
74
2
85.350,01
155.800
55
3
855.000,01
1.280.000
74
3
155.800,01
300.000
55
4
1.280.000,01
2.000.000
74
4
300.000,01
472.000
55
5
2.000.000,01
3.500.000
74
5
472.000,01
843.000
55
6
3.500.000,01
8.500.000
74
6
843.000,01
1.565.000
55
7
8.500.000,01 +
74
7
1.565.000,01+
56
1
80.000
185.000
77
1
100.000
170.000
56
2
185.000,01
290.000
77
2
170.000,01
283.000
56
3
290.000,01
390.000
77
3
283.000,01
482.000
56
4
390.000,01
600.000
77
4
482.000,01
800.000
56
5
600.000,01
1.115.000
77
5
800.000,01
1.560.000
56
6
1.115.000,01
2.750.000
77
6
1.560.000,01
3.000.000
56
7
2.750.000,01 +
77
7
3.000.000,01+
58
1
300.000
570.000
78
1
300.000
420.000
58
2
570.000,01
1.190.000
78
2
420.000,01
700.000
58
3
1.190.000,01
1.700.000
78
3
700.000,01
1.250.000
58
4
1.700.000,01
2.400.000
78
4
1.250.000,01
2.350.000
58
5
2.400.000,01
4.350.000
78
5
2.350.000,01
4.100.000
58
6
4.350.000,01
7.580.000
78
6
4.100.000,01
8.000.000
58
7
7.580.000,01 +
78
7
8.000.000,01+
59
1
125.000
270.000
79
1
380.000
570.000
59
2
270.000,01
500.000
79
2
570.000,01
875.000
59
3
500.000,01
1.000.000
79
3
875.000,01
1.500.000
59
4
1.000.000,01
1.600.000
79
4
1.500.000,01
2.200.000
59
5
1.600.000,01
2.620.000
79
5
2.200.000,01
2.930.000
59
6
2.620.000,01
3.430.000
79
6
2.930.000,01
4.795.000
59
7
3.430.000,01 +
79
7
4.795.000,01+
62
1
300.000
540.000
80
1
400.000
600.000
62
2
540.000,01
905.000
80
2
600.000,01
800.000
62
3
905.000,01
1.380.000
80
3
800.000,01
1.150.000
62
4
1.380.000,01
2.240.000
80
4
1.150.000,01
1.500.000
62
5
2.240.000,01
4.440.000
80
5
1.500.000,01
2.400.000
62
6
4.440.000,01
10.290.000
80
6
2.400.000,01
3.800.000
62
7
10.290.000,01+
80
7
3.800.000,01+
63
1
100.000
188.000
81
1
100.000
195.000
63
2
188.000,01
320.000
81
2
195.000,01
385.000
63
3
320.000,01
540.000
81
3
385.000,01
800.000
63
4
540.000,01
1.100.000
81
4
800.000,01
1.455.000
63
5
1.100.000,01
2.735.000
81
5
1.455.000,01
2.615.000
63
6
2.735.000,01
5.020.000
81
6
2.615.000,01
4.550.000
63
7
5.020.000,01+
81
7
4.550.000,01+
68
1
100.000
285.000
82
1
300.000
752.000
68
2
285.000,01
650.000
82
2
752.000,01
1.620.000
68
3
650.000,01
975.000
82
3
1.620.000,01
2.890.000
68
4
975.000,01
1.500.000
82
4
2.890.000,01
4.870.000
68
5
1.500.000,01
3.100.000
82
5
4.870.000,01
8.000.000
68
6
3.100.000,01
7.500.000
82
6
8.000.000,01
12.090.000
68
7
7.500.000,01+
82
7
12.090.000,01+
69
1
75.000
120.000
53
1
200.000
297.000
69
2
120.000,01
230.000
53
2
297.000,01
447.000
69
3
230.000,01
365.000
53
3
447.000,01
667.000
69
4
365.000,01
685.000
53
4
667.000,01
1.146.000
69
5
685.000,01
1.295.000
53
5
1.146.000,01
2.429.000
69
6
1.295.000,01
2.470.000
53
6
2.429.000,01
5.526.000
69
7
2.470.000,01+
53
7
5.526.000,01 +
In divisions: 51, 60 and 61 the data collection from enterprises is by census.
The Production Indices in Services Sections are produced and disseminated monthly.
The Production Indices in Services Sections are published through a press release t+60 days after the end of the reference quarter (t).
The Regulation (EU) No 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics, as well as Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197 and the STS methodological guidelines are applied for the compilation of the Indices. This fact ensures a good comparability with the European and national indices, considering the special conditions that apply to each country which may dictate minor methodological deviations.
Asymmetry for mirror flows statistics – coefficient
There are no mirror flows statistics among EU Member States in the Production Indices in Services Sections.
The Production Indices time series, with b.y. 2021=100.0 are available since January 2021.
