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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Employment Statistics Department |
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1.5. Contact mail address | Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) Devlet Mah. Necatibey Cad. No:114 06420 Çankaya / ANKARA |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 20/05/2024 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 20/05/2024 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 20/05/2024 |
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3.1. Data description | |||
The Turkish data for the STS indicators are obtained from administrative data of Social Security Institution (SSI) Number of Employees and Self-Employed Persons Index: The number of employees and self-employed persons is defined as the total number of persons who work in the observation unit (inclusive of working proprietors, partners and unpaid family workers working regularly in the unit), as well as persons who work outside the unit who belong to it and are paid by it (e.g. sales representatives, delivery personnel, repair and maintenance teams). Hours Worked by Employees Index: Total number of hours worked by employees actually worked represents the aggregate number of hours actually worked for the output of the observation unit during the reference period. Self employed person's working hours are not covered. Gross Wages-Slaries Index: Gross Wages and Salaries are defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable to all persons counted on the payroll, in return for work done during the accounting period, regardless of whether it is paid on the basis of working time, output or piecework and whether it is paid regularly. |
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3.2. Classification system | |||
Nace Rev.2. |
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3.3. Coverage - sector | |||
The activity coverage is Section B to N of NACE Rev. 2 |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
Number of Employees and Self-Employed Persons Index: The number of employees and self-employed persons is defined as the total number of persons who work in the observation unit (inclusive of working proprietors, partners and unpaid family workers working regularly in the unit), as well as persons who work outside the unit who belong to it and are paid by it (e.g. sales representatives, delivery personnel, repair and maintenance teams). It includes persons absent for a short period (e.g. sick leave, paid leave or special leave), and also those on strike, but not those absent for an indefinite period. It also includes part-time workers who are regarded as such under the laws of the country concerned and who are on the payroll, as well as seasonal workers, apprentices and home workers on the payroll.
Hours Worked by Employees Index: Total number of hours worked by employees actually worked represents the aggregate number of hours actually worked for the output of the observation unit during the reference period. Self-employed persons's working hours are not covered in labour input in construction.
Gross Wages-Slaries Index: Gross Wages and Salaries are defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable to all persons counted on the payroll, in return for work done during the accounting period, regardless of whether it is paid on the basis of working time, output or piecework and whether it is paid regularly. Data are recorded for the reference quarter. |
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3.5. Statistical unit | |||
Reporting unit: Enterprise. Observation unit(s): Enterprise. |
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3.6. Statistical population | |||
Full enumeration. |
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3.7. Reference area | |||
The whole country (Turkey) is covered. |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | |||
Time series for this indicator according to NACE Rev. 2 is available from 2005. |
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3.9. Base period | |||
2021 |
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Data are published in indices and yearly and quarterly percentage changes and are transmitted to Eurostat in the same way. |
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Quarter |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
Legal basis: Turkish Statistical Law no. 5429, of 10 November 2005. |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Data are transmitted to Eurostat. |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
All statistics collected and published by TURKSTAT are governed by the Turkish Statistical Law no. 5429, of 10 November 2005. |
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
If the number of statistical units in any cell of the data table formed by aggregating the individual data is less than three, or if one or two of the statistical units are dominant even if the number of units is three or more, the data in the concerned cell is considered confidential. Confidential data can be published only when combined with other data so as not to allow any direct or indirect identification. All measures to prevent any illicit access, use or revelation of the confidential data shall be taken by the institutions and organisations producing official statistics. |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
At the end of each year TURKSTAT publishes a release calendar providing the release dates for the coming year. This is also disseminated on TURKSTAT’s internet website (www.turkstat.gov.tr). |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
The data are released to all interested parties by issuing the news release “Labour Input Indices”. Simultaneously, the news release is disseminated on the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) website http://www.turkstat.gov.tr. There is no internal governmental access to data before their release to the public. Series are transmitted to Eurostat at the same day with the press release. The transmission is done via EDAMIS by using GESMES coding system. |
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Quarterly national press release and quarterly data transmission to Eurostat |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
Labour Input Indices (Employment Index, Hours Worked in Index and Gross Wages-Salaries in Index) are disseminated in a special release with a brief explanation of the results each quarter. The very detailed set of series is disseminated without explanation. The news releases in English are available free of charge on Turkstat’s website. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=istihdam-issizlik-ve-ucret-108&dil=2 |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
The results of the indices are published in the news release “Labour Input Indices”. |
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
Online database is available on the link of https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=144&locale=en |
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Not available |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
Series are transmitted to Eurostat at the same day with the press release. The transmission is done via EDAMIS by using GESMES coding system. |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
Dissemination of documentation on methodology and sources used in preparing statistics: Methodology and sources used in statistical compilation are disseminated on the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) website https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=istihdam-issizlik-ve-ucret-108&dil=2 Description of standard tables produced: Data are given as indices at the 2-digit NACE Rev. 2 level in the news release. |
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
Not available |
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
All authorities that have statistical production in Turkey should obtain the necessities about quality of their data and disseminated statistical outputs within the official statistical principles according to the “Official Statistics Programme”. The quality assurance concerns such as the contents of statistical data, production processes and service to data users. |
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
The quality of statistics is assessed according to the principles of official statistics and Board of Data Quality Control. |
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
Labour Input Indices are used by different national and international institutions and non-institutional users: |
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
Not available. |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
Data are compatible with EU regulations. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
Data source and results are regularly assessed and validated. Revisions to develop statistical process is analyzed regularly. |
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13.2. Sampling error | |||
No sampling error, administrative data. |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
None |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
Timeliness: Quarterly Indices of Employment, Hours Worked and Gross Wages-Salaries are released as estimates at the end of the second month following the reference quarter. |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
The news release is published according to the announced release calendar. |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
Whole Turkey is covered. Statistical information is comparable with EU countries. |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | |||
Data on labour input are comparable over time. When significant changes are introduced (e.g. change of classification, base year or methodology), historical time series are recalculated as far back as it is reasonably possible. Time series according to NACE Rev. 2 are available from 2005 onwards. |
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||
Comparisons are made with relevant other sources like Labor Force Results and made with previous STS-values (previous month and year). |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | |||
The total of Construction Input Indicators are consistent for gross data. Seasonally and calendar adjusted figures have been produced by using direct approach independently from the seasonal adjustment of its sub-series. |
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None. |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
Revision is done due to the questionnaires which are late to index calculation and the errors which are made by the data providers. |
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
The news release indicates that the data are preliminary and are subject to revision. The preliminary results are final at the end of the reference year. Any major changes in methodology are announced at the time of the change and the data compiled using the revised methodology are released. |
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18.1. Source data | |||
All enterprises (full enumeration) that declare their paid employees on Social Security Institution (SSI) Monthly Premium and Service Return and Turkish Revenue Administration (TRA) Withholding Tax Return records are included in the data. |
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | |||
Quarterly |
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18.3. Data collection | |||
Administrative data. |
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18.4. Data validation | |||
Administrative data validated for statistical use using procedures for error checking. |
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18.5. Data compilation | |||
Type of index: Laspeyres index method (weighted) with fixed base year is used. |
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18.6. Adjustment | |||
Seasonal and calendar related effects prevent observing the general tendency of data because of their temporary characteristics. Therefore, identification of seasonal patterns of short term indicators plays crucial role in order to make reliable comparisons between consecutive periods Method Used The seasonal adjustment of Labor Input Indices is carried out using TRAMO-SEATS methodology. The software that is used for the application of this method is JDemetra+ developed by the National Bank of Belgium (NBB) in cooperation with the Deutsche Bundesbank and Eurostat in accordance with the Guidelines of the European Statistical System. Seasonal Adjustment Process Seasonal and calendar adjustment process of Labor Input Indices begins at the end of each year with the identification of the models of next year. This specified model structure is kept fixed throughout the year to adjust seasonally and/or calendar effects. At the end of the year, just like the previous year, specification of econometric estimation models for the following year is done. The identified process repeats itself in a cyclical manner each year. Direct or Indirect Approach Seasonally and calendar adjusted figures of Labor Input Indices are produced by indirect approach. Firstly the three digit NACE Rev2 classification individual subseries of Employment, Gross Wages-Salaries, Hourly Labour Cost Excluding Earnings and two digit Average Hours Worked subseries are seasonally adjusted. Then these series are used to derive seasonally and calendar adjusted Employment, Gross Wages-Salaries and Hours Worked Indices as well as Hourly Labor Cost Indices in NACE Rev2 two digit subseries, letters, MIGS and sector totals. Revision Policy Seasonal adjustment procedure is subject to revisions over time because of the re-estimation of seasonal component as new observations are added. These revisions are implemented on the data of the last three years excluding the current year. Publication Adjusted data has been published in 3 different ways. “Calendar adjusted” data is derived from unadjusted data by removing calendar and holiday originated effects. Calendar adjusted data should be used in comparisons regarding the same month/period of the previous year. “Seasonally adjusted” data is derived from unadjusted data by removing effects originating from seasonal effects. Seasonally adjusted data should be used in comparisons regarding the previous month/period. If unadjusted data contains both calendar and holiday, and seasonal effects, “seasonally and calendar adjusted” data is derived by removing these effects. Seasonally and calendar adjusted data should be used in comparisons regarding the previous month/period. |
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None. |
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