Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Statistics Poland, Al. Niepodległości 208, 00-925 Warsaw, Poland.
1.6. Contact email address
Restricted from publication
1.7. Contact phone number
Restricted from publication
1.8. Contact fax number
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2.1. Metadata last certified
14 June 2024
2.2. Metadata last posted
14 June 2024
2.3. Metadata last update
14 June 2024
3.1. Data description
Industrial production index (IPI) is applied for measuring changes in the volume of industrial production in monthly periods with reference to the base period. The IPI is based on the value of sold production which is deflated by the relevant monthly producer price index at the 3-digit level of NACE Rev. 2.
The index belongs to the short-term indicators, which describe the current economic situation and are used as a basis for economic policy decisions.
3.2. Classification system
The Polish Classification of Activities (PKD 2007) based on the NACE Rev.2.
3.3. Coverage - sector
Groups and divisions of sections B to D (excl. D353) of NACE Rev. 2. Data cover the population of KAUs with 10 or more persons employed.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Industrial production index(IPI) is based on the value of sold production. It includes the revenues from sale of own products (goods and services) and the value of manufactured products not categorized as sale, but included in sales.
The following are excluded: VAT invoiced to the client by the producer and taxes which fall on the products and services when they leave the factory (e.g. excise tax). Subsidies on products and services are included in the value of sold production.
The value of sold production is deflated by the relevant monthly producer price index at the 3-digit level of NACE Rev. 2.
Definition of industrial production index is compliant with EBS Regulation 2020/1197. The sold production, being the scope of observation in IPI survey, is the most precise measure which reflects the actual level of production got by the final customers. In case of the sold production, there is no valid reason to include changes in stocks of finished products and work in progress.
3.5. Statistical unit
The reporting units (responsible for replying to the survey questionnaire) are legal units, whereas observation units are kind-of-activity units.
3.6. Statistical population
The target population includes kind-of-activity units with 10 or more persons employed, classified to sections B to D (excl. D353) of NACE Rev.2 (31,811 KAUs in December 2023):
8,672 KAUs with 50 or more persons employed;
23,139 KAUs with 10-49 persons employed.
The basis for identifying KAUs is the set of enterprises consisting of one or more legal units. The frame for identifying legal units (and then enterprises and KAUs) is the Statistical Business Register (BJS) supported by the National Official Business Register (REGON).
3.7. Reference area
Poland - country level.
The value of sold production may include output of statistical units that are located abroad. The scale of this phenomenon is not estimated.
3.8. Coverage - Time
The survey on industrial production (volume) dates from 1990. Since 2009 the survey is conducted according to NACE Rev. 2.
Time series – gross, calendar and seasonally adjusted – are available from 2000 for the following aggregates: Total industry, MIGs, Sections and Divisions of NACE Rev.2.
Until 2020 the observation unit was legal unit (treated as an approximation of enterprise), since 2021 data are compiled for KAU (insignificant breaks in time series may appear in some aggregates).
3.9. Base period
The base year is 2021. The base year is the same as reference year and this is the year when the index equals 100 (monthly average of 2021=100).
Data are collected in thousand PLN. Data on industrial production are transmitted to Eurostat as indices in constant prices.
Reference month.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics, repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics (EBS-Regulation).
Commission Implementing Regulation 2020/1197 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 mentioned above.
The legal basis of Statistics Poland's responsibility for collection, processing and dissemination of statistics is the Act on Official Statistics passed on 29th June 1995 with subsequent amendments (consolidated text published in the Journal of Laws 2021 no 955). Information on surveys is given in the ‘Statistical Survey Program of Official Statistics’ which exists as an annual regulation of the Council of Ministers.
Data on industrial production are collected on the basis of national legal acts, i.e. the ‘Statistical Surveys Program of Official Statistics’ (for national purposes data are compiled by LEU). These data are then used as the basis for compiling indices by KAU according to the requirements of EBS Regulation and General Implementing Act.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Data on industrial production by KAU are transmitted only to Eurostat.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
All statistics collected and published by Statistics Poland are governed by the Act on Official Statistics. This Act establishes the statistical independence of Statistics Poland.
Statistics Poland cannot publish, or otherwise make available to any individual or organization, statistics that would allow the identification of data for any individual person or entity.
The question of confidentiality is explained in the art. 10, 38 and 38a of the Act on Official Statistics:
Article 10.
Identifiable individual data collected in statistical surveys are subject to absolute protection. Such data may only be used to prepare statistical studies, compilations and analyses, as well as to create a statistical survey sampling frame by the President of Statistics Poland; making such data available or using them for purposes other than those specified herein is prohibited (statistical confidentiality).
Article 38.
1. Identifiable unit data obtained in statistical surveys may not be published nor made available.
2. Statistical data obtained in statistical surveys that can be linked and identified as data concerning a specific natural person, as well as information and statistical data characterising economic and financial results of national economy entities conducting economic activity, may not be published nor made available if the given aggregation consists of fewer than three entities or the share of one entity in a given compilation is greater than three-fourths of the whole.
3. In the case of national economy entities, the information and statistical data referred to in sec. 2 may be published if the person authorised to represent a given entity has consented to the publication of specific data characterizing the economic and financial results of that entity.
Article 38a.
1. The President of Statistics Poland, at the request of entities referred to in Art. 25 25 sec. 1 point 9, justified by the preparation of specific programmes, forecasts and analyses, may provide these entities with identifiable unit data of public finance sector entities within the meaning of Art. 9 of the Act of 27 August 2009 on public finances.
2. The data made available in accordance with sec. 1 may be used only for the purpose indicated in the application, subject to the rules referred to in art. 38 sec. 1 and in Regulation No. 223/2009.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Confidential data are treated in accordance with the policy described in concept 7.1. The following data are subject to special protection and are not disseminated:
data for individuals,
aggregates consisting the values for one or two entities,
aggregates with the share of one entity higher than the three-fourths of the total value in aggregate.
8.1. Release calendar
Data are transmitted to Eurostat according to release calendar (up to 30 days after reference month).
Eurostat disseminates data according to announced Release calendar.
Data update schedule available in the national Knowledge Database – Short-term-statistics – data by Kind-of activity unit.
8.3. Release policy - user access
Article 14 point 2 of the "Act on Official Statistics" states that shall provide equal and simultaneous access to the output statistical information, in particular to the basic values and indicators. Data are released simultaneously to all users and are available on Statistics Poland's website in the form of announcement. The IPI data are regularly sent to Eurostat according to the release calendar announced to Eurostat.
Monthly.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Not available for data compiled by KAUs.
Only data compiled by LEUs are disseminated as news release (for national purposes).
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Industrial production indices compiled by KAUs are not disseminated in publications.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
Knowledge Database – Short-term statistics – data by kind-of-activity unit.
Monthly IPI is disseminated in the form of indices in constant prices (monthly average of 2021=100); gross, calendar and seasonally adjusted time series since 2021.
Level of detail by NACE Rev.2: aggregate B+C+D excl. D353, sections B to D and divisions of these sections, MIGs within sections B to D excl. D353.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
No access to micro-data.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Data are sent to Eurostat both to be used in European aggregates as well as to be released as national data compiled by KAU.
Methodological report. Short-term statistics by European concept of the Kind-of-activity unit;
Explanatory notes to the monthly questionnaire on economic activity DG-1 (in Polish).
10.7. Quality management - documentation
According to article 3 of Act on Official Statistics - the official statistics shall ensure reliable, objective and systematic information for the society, the state and public administration bodies and economic entities. Documentation on procedures applied for quality management and assessment is available on the website: Quality in statistics.
11.1. Quality assurance
The legal basis of the quality measurement and assessment is the internal Regulation of Statistics Poland's President No 35 of 28th December 2011 which came into force in the 4th quarter of 2012. The quality assessment of statistical surveys was conducted according to an annual quality program for the official statistics which was in line with the Regulation of Statistics Poland's President No 35 of 28th December 2011.
Procedures and rules applied in quality assessment and monitoring are based on the ESS Quality Standards, i.e. the ESS Quality Declaration, recommendations of the ESS Leadership Expert Group on Quality (LEG) and the European Statistics Code of Practice (CoP). The quality of statistical surveys is evaluated by means of standard quality reports and quality indicators recommended in the ESS Handbook for Quality Reports as well as by self-assessment checklist and quality audits and reviews.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
The quality of statistical surveys is evaluated by means of standard quality reports and quality indicators recommended in the ESS Handbook for Quality Reports as well as by self-assessment checklist and quality audits and reviews.
Quality review of the monthly survey (DG-1), which is the data source for most STS indicators, was conducted in 2022. A quality report was elaborated on the basis of standard quality procedures recommended in the ESS Handbook for Quality Reports. The quality of the monthly survey was described by means of standard quality indicators characterizing the following quality aspects: relevance, accuracy and reliability, timelines and punctuality, comparability and coherence.
Relevance is maintained every year while drafting the “Statistical Survey Program of Official Statistics”. In terms of accuracy and reliability there are a negligible non-sampling errors. Concerning timeliness and punctuality, all releases are delivered on time immediately after they are prepared. Comparability of series is maintained geographically and over time. Coherence is observable with other national cross domain surveys (it concerns data collected from legal units).
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
User needs are systematically monitored and taken into consideration while drafting the 'Statistical Survey Program of Official Statistics' for the next year. The organs of the state power, government and self-government administration, organizations of employers and other institutions, provide opinions on statistical surveys and recommend implementation of the new ones. Data users, e.g. universities, research institutes, enterprises or individuals may indicate their needs by data inquiries and orders. Classification of national data users with an indication of their importance for official statistics, taking into account the purpose of data usage, is the following:
Key users – government and self-government administration, National Central Bank, Polish Financial Supervision Authority;
Important users – research institutes, universities, organizations of employers, enterprises, insurance institutions, media;
Other users – social organizations, professional self-government, economic self-government, trade unions, students, individuals.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
User satisfaction survey was conducted at the end of 2013. The survey covered the following data users: government and self-government administration, National Central Bank, Polish Financial Supervision Authority, research institutes, universities, organizations of employers, enterprises, insurance institutions, media, social organizations, professional self-government, economic self-government, trade unions, students, individuals. User satisfaction survey was carried out via internet. For this purpose, an electronic questionnaire was elaborated and was placed on Statistics Poland's server. Questions included in the questionnaire have been adjusted to all data users mentioned above and they comprised, among others, the following issues:
general information on using statistical data (which data were used, how often and for what purpose);
assessment of data availability, transparency, timelines, comparability and level of details;
The completeness of data corresponds with requirements of the EBS Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics, Commission Implementing Regulation 2020/1197 and short-term methodological manual.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
There are negligible non-sampling errors concerning coverage, measurement and non-response. Improvement actions taken include increasing registry updates, careful logical and accounting controls and constant contact with the reporting units. First released data on industrial production compiled by KAU are treated as ‘final’.
13.2. Sampling error
There is an exhaustive survey for economic entities employing 50 or more persons. Purposive sample is used for economic entities employing 10 - 49 persons.
Industrial economic entities employing (in December 2023):
50 or more persons included in an exhaustive strata (8,390 entities);
10-49 persons observed by a minimum 10% sample survey (2,499 entities out of 22,684 entities in target population).
The index covers about 94% of the industrial production (Sections B to D (excl. D353)).
13.3. Non-sampling error
There are negligible non-sampling errors concerning coverage, measurement and non-response.
Improvement actions taken include: increasing registry updates, careful logical and accounting controls, analysis of the reasons for non-response and constant contact with the reporting units in order to increase the rate of response (telephone or e-mail follow-up of non-respondents).
In September 2023 the response rate for economic entities employing 50 or more persons was about 95%, for entities employing 10-49 persons (a minimum 10% sample survey) about 2,447 entities submitted report (out of 22,623 entities in target population).
14.1. Timeliness
Industrial production index is compiled about 25 days after the end of the reference month and is transmitted to Eurostat according to the requirements of EBS Regulations 2019/2152 and 2020/1197. Timeliness is the same for all required NACE aggregation levels of industrial production.
14.2. Punctuality
Data are delivered on time according to the scheduled release dates.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
The same statistical concepts and classifications are applied in the entire national territory.
15.2. Comparability - over time
Time series according to NACE Rev. 2 are available from 2000 onwards. Since 2021 data are compiled by KAU, before 2021 data were compiled by LEU (treated as an approximation of enterprise).
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Comparisons are made on the basis of data compiled for LEU (required for national purposes) which is the basis for compilation of IPI by KAU. Results of the monthly industrial production survey are compared with the quarterly financial results and with annual data, as well as with monthly quantitative survey (production by PRODCOM).
All units covered with the short-term survey report data on the same monthly questionnaire (DG-1), which is used for collecting data for production and other short-term indicators, e.g. industrial turnover, new orders, employment as well as wages and salaries. It enables to compare the results between these indicators.
Industrial production survey is consistent with producer prices survey, i.e. the same units are covered with these two surveys. The value of sold production of a current period is used as weight for producer price index which is used as deflator for industrial production.
15.4. Coherence - internal
In the case of gross data the higher aggregates for industrial production are consistent with their main sub-aggregates because the data on industrial production are compiled on the basis of the value of sold production and the higher aggregation levels are obtained by summing up absolute values from lower aggregation levels. In the case of Calendar adjusted (CA) and Seasonal Adjustment (SA) data, direct adjustment is used. Direct method is used in calendar and seasonal adjustment of the time series.
Cost of the NSI:
128,800 hours – total annual cost of data collection on the DG-1 form (all variables collected via DG-1 are included). The costs cover also national needs (it was not possible to separate the costs of data collection only for EBS purposes).
1,743 hours – annual cost for the production in industry related to data processing (imputation, grossing up, validations, seasonal and calendar adjustment) as well as preparation of data for dissemination.
Burden of respondents:
18 hours – average annual respondent burden (it covers data preparation and filling-in the DG-1 form), also national needs are included as it was not possible to separate the response burden only for EBS purposes.
17.1. Data revision - policy
Data revision policy is consistent with Eurostat recommendations (ESS guidelines on revision policy for PEEIs). According to these recommendations, notice about major changes, e.g. in classification, methodology or base year, is provided in advance of the change. Notice about minor changes is given at the time the change is introduced.
The same revision policy is applied to data released nationally and transmitted to Eurostat.
17.2. Data revision - practice
First released data compiled by KAU are treated as final. IPI is regularly revised once a year due to calendar and seasonal adjustment as well as every 5 years when the base year changes. In 2024 time series from 2000 were recalculated for the base year 2021=100.
Due to the change of the observation unit, data from 2021 to 2023 were transmitted without any revisions. Information on the size of revisions (MR, MAR) will be available since data for January 2024 onwards.
18.1. Source data
The source of data is statistical sample survey covering economic entities with 10 or more persons employed, stratified as follows (in December 2023):
entities with 50 or more persons employed – exhaustive strata (8,390 entities classified to sections B to D excl. D353 of NACE Rev.2);
entities with 10-49 persons employed – minimum 10% sample of entities selected at the NUTS 2 level and for Sections and Divisions of NACE Rev.2 (2,499 entities out of 22,684 entities in target population classified to sections B to D excl. D353).
The sample is established once a year and is regularly updated during the year.
The frame on which the source is based is the Statistical Business Register (BJS) supported by the National Official Business Register (REGON).
Data reported by legal units for national purposes are compiled by LEU, however each legal unit covered by the survey has identified KAU’s NACE code which is the basis for compiling data by KAU.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Monthly. Collected data refer to the full reference period.
18.3. Data collection
A single monthly questionnaire on economic activity (DG-1) is used for all respondents (legal units) covered by the survey.
The questionnaire covers, among others, the following information:
revenues from sale of own products (goods, services) – of which non-domestic (of which euro-area);
value of manufactured products not categorized as sale, but included in sales;
revenues from sale of merchanted goods (resale) – of which non-domestic (of which euro-area);
persons employed;
average paid employment;
gross wages and salaries;
retail sale and wholesale;
excise tax;
product subsidies received;
new orders – of which non-domestic (of which euro-area).
Data on industrial production are collected both for reporting month as well as for accrued period (cumulative data from January to the end of the reporting month). In accrued data, reporting units include possible revisions for the previous periods, which does not have an impact on the real level of the production value in reporting month.
All data collection is done by electronic questionnaire; Non-response is monitored by means of the completeness reports. Dissemination of electronic questionnaire in the Reporting Portal for reporting units — until the 5th working day after the end of the reference month; reminding the reporting units over the phone or e-mail that they have not completed the questionnaire — on the 6th working day after the end of the reference month.
18.4. Data validation
Appropriate validation procedures are applied during the whole production process of statistics, and they are in line with rules provided by Eurostat, i.e. starting from selection of respondents to compiling indices and transmission to Eurostat. Data validation system incorporates many tools for data control, estimation and imputation, e.g. programme procedures applied for error checking and detailed reports on data completeness helpful in analysis of non-response.
Validation procedures are applied on the level of individual respondents and on aggregated level as well as before data transmission to Eurostat. Data validation on the level of individual respondents is based on:
special program procedures used for errors checking when data are inserted to the system (logical-computing control) – these procedures help to avoid errors at the stage of data collection what is essential for final data results.
information given by an unit on the reasons of substantial difference in the level of data reported in the current period as compared to the equivalent data for the previous period (e.g. cancellation of all previously-issued invoices, correction of invoices, reducing/increasing the number of orders, employee dismissals).
In the case of any doubts about data correctness there is a direct contact with an unit in order to explain outliers.
Data validation at aggregated level is conducted both by the Regional Statistical Office responsible for the survey as well as by the authorial departments of Statistics Poland. The quality of aggregated data is monitored at least at the three-digit level of NACE Rev.2 and NUTS 2 level. Both the values and dynamics are compared with previous month and corresponding month of the previous year. Any discrepancies are scrutinized before dissemination. Validation procedures are also performed for data compiled for KAUs before data transmission to Eurostat. The structured data files in SDMX format are created and data assigned to the codes are checked in detail. In case of significant data revisions, for example when the base year changes or seasonal adjusted data are revised, the whole time series are submitted to validation procedure.
The most of STS indicators are surveyed on the same monthly questionnaire (DG-1) what means that validation procedures are quite consistent.
18.5. Data compilation
Data on industrial sold production are collected at current basic prices. After validation of data reported by economic entities, the data for non-respondents are imputed on the basis of their responses from the previous periods. Then the process of data compilation starts. In order to obtain data for the whole population of Kind-of-activity units covered by the survey, grossing-up is done on the basis of employment and labour productivity at the Group level of NACE Rev. 2. Each legal unit covered by the survey has identified KAU’s NACE code which is the basis for grossing-up and compiling data by KAU. Grossed-up data (aggregated by KAU’s NACE codes) are then used to compile indices.
Data on industrial sold production at current prices are deflated by the relevant producer price index at the group level of NACE Rev.2. After eliminating an influence of the price change the value of sold production in constant prices is obtained. The higher aggregation levels are calculated by summing up values at constant prices. On the basis of the value of sold production in constant prices the industrial production index is compiled – Laspeyres index.
18.6. Adjustment
Level of detail: total, sections, divisions, MIGs (intermediate foods, energy, capital foods, durable consumer foods, non-durable consumer goods);
Program JDemetra+, TRAMO/SEATS method.
Pre-adjustment:
regARIMA, 1 or 6 regressors connected with the changing number of working days in a week resulting from national holidays,
leap year effect (if relevant),
Easter effect (if relevant),
outliers (AO, LS, TC) with automatic detection supported by additional analysis and a priori knowledge.
Seasonal adjustment:
automatic model selection with additional non-automatic verification of problematic cases,
additive or multiplicative decomposition,
direct adjustment of aggregates.
Revisions:
model updated once a year including revision of historical data,
monthly observations presented with revision 1 month backwards.
Not applicable.
Industrial production index (IPI) is applied for measuring changes in the volume of industrial production in monthly periods with reference to the base period. The IPI is based on the value of sold production which is deflated by the relevant monthly producer price index at the 3-digit level of NACE Rev. 2.
The index belongs to the short-term indicators, which describe the current economic situation and are used as a basis for economic policy decisions.
14 June 2024
Industrial production index(IPI) is based on the value of sold production. It includes the revenues from sale of own products (goods and services) and the value of manufactured products not categorized as sale, but included in sales.
The following are excluded: VAT invoiced to the client by the producer and taxes which fall on the products and services when they leave the factory (e.g. excise tax). Subsidies on products and services are included in the value of sold production.
The value of sold production is deflated by the relevant monthly producer price index at the 3-digit level of NACE Rev. 2.
Definition of industrial production index is compliant with EBS Regulation 2020/1197. The sold production, being the scope of observation in IPI survey, is the most precise measure which reflects the actual level of production got by the final customers. In case of the sold production, there is no valid reason to include changes in stocks of finished products and work in progress.
The reporting units (responsible for replying to the survey questionnaire) are legal units, whereas observation units are kind-of-activity units.
The target population includes kind-of-activity units with 10 or more persons employed, classified to sections B to D (excl. D353) of NACE Rev.2 (31,811 KAUs in December 2023):
8,672 KAUs with 50 or more persons employed;
23,139 KAUs with 10-49 persons employed.
The basis for identifying KAUs is the set of enterprises consisting of one or more legal units. The frame for identifying legal units (and then enterprises and KAUs) is the Statistical Business Register (BJS) supported by the National Official Business Register (REGON).
Poland - country level.
The value of sold production may include output of statistical units that are located abroad. The scale of this phenomenon is not estimated.
Reference month.
There are negligible non-sampling errors concerning coverage, measurement and non-response. Improvement actions taken include increasing registry updates, careful logical and accounting controls and constant contact with the reporting units. First released data on industrial production compiled by KAU are treated as ‘final’.
Data are collected in thousand PLN. Data on industrial production are transmitted to Eurostat as indices in constant prices.
Data on industrial sold production are collected at current basic prices. After validation of data reported by economic entities, the data for non-respondents are imputed on the basis of their responses from the previous periods. Then the process of data compilation starts. In order to obtain data for the whole population of Kind-of-activity units covered by the survey, grossing-up is done on the basis of employment and labour productivity at the Group level of NACE Rev. 2. Each legal unit covered by the survey has identified KAU’s NACE code which is the basis for grossing-up and compiling data by KAU. Grossed-up data (aggregated by KAU’s NACE codes) are then used to compile indices.
Data on industrial sold production at current prices are deflated by the relevant producer price index at the group level of NACE Rev.2. After eliminating an influence of the price change the value of sold production in constant prices is obtained. The higher aggregation levels are calculated by summing up values at constant prices. On the basis of the value of sold production in constant prices the industrial production index is compiled – Laspeyres index.
The source of data is statistical sample survey covering economic entities with 10 or more persons employed, stratified as follows (in December 2023):
entities with 50 or more persons employed – exhaustive strata (8,390 entities classified to sections B to D excl. D353 of NACE Rev.2);
entities with 10-49 persons employed – minimum 10% sample of entities selected at the NUTS 2 level and for Sections and Divisions of NACE Rev.2 (2,499 entities out of 22,684 entities in target population classified to sections B to D excl. D353).
The sample is established once a year and is regularly updated during the year.
The frame on which the source is based is the Statistical Business Register (BJS) supported by the National Official Business Register (REGON).
Data reported by legal units for national purposes are compiled by LEU, however each legal unit covered by the survey has identified KAU’s NACE code which is the basis for compiling data by KAU.
Monthly.
Industrial production index is compiled about 25 days after the end of the reference month and is transmitted to Eurostat according to the requirements of EBS Regulations 2019/2152 and 2020/1197. Timeliness is the same for all required NACE aggregation levels of industrial production.
The same statistical concepts and classifications are applied in the entire national territory.
Time series according to NACE Rev. 2 are available from 2000 onwards. Since 2021 data are compiled by KAU, before 2021 data were compiled by LEU (treated as an approximation of enterprise).
