Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
[RO1] National Institute of Statistics (NIS) (Romania)
1.2. Contact organisation unit
Price Statistics Division
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
Institutul Naţional de Statistică (NIS) – 16, Libertăţii Avenue, district 5, Bucharest, RO-050706
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
8 June 2026
2.2. Metadata last posted
8 June 2026
2.3. Metadata last update
8 June 2026
3.1. Data description
Three Producer Price Indices (PPI) are calculated:
Producer price index for total (domestic and non-domestic market);
Producer price index for domestic market;
Producer price index for non-domestic market.
3.2. Classification system
NACE Rev. 2 classification
The Romanian nomenclature of products and services PRODROM (The List of Industrial Products and Services) - is fully harmonised with the PRODCOM List
3.3. Coverage - sector
The survey covers NACE Rev. 2 Sections B to E excluding Classes 07.21 and 24.46, Groups 25.4, 30.1, 30.3 and 30.4 and Divisions 37, 38 and 39.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The objective of the output price index is to measure the monthly development of transaction prices sold as they leave the domestic producers.
The domestic output price index for an economic activity measures the average price development of all goods and related services resulting from that activity and sold on the domestic market.
The non-domestic price index shows the average price development (expressed in the national currency) of all goods and related services resulting from that activity and sold outside of the domestic market.
When combined, these two indices show the average price development of all goods and related services resulting from an activity.The price-determining characteristics of the products are taken into account, including quantity of units sold, rebates, service conditions and destination. The indices of domestic and non-domestic prices require separate output price indices to be compiled according to the destination of the product. The destination is determined by the residency of the third party that has ordered or purchased the product.
Data are collected monthly; the reference period is the 15th of the previous calendar month.
3.5. Statistical unit
Reporting unit and observation unit is KAU
3.6. Statistical population
The main data sources for building up the sample of economic operators is represented by the Bussiness Register (REGIS) and annualy PRODROM survey (for the reference year 2021). Based on the data from PRODROM statistical survey, the economic operators are ordered in a descending manner by value of sales in each NACE Rev.2 activity class. The economic operators whose value of sales represents at least 70% of the total NACE Rev.2 class are kept in the sample.
The coverage obtained is between 70% and 100%.
There are around 1700 legal units which are surveyed each month.
3.7. Reference area
The PPI's cover the entire economic territory of the country.
3.8. Coverage - Time
2005
3.9. Base period
Year 2021 = 100.
Indices, percentage changes (%)
Month
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
REGULATION (EU) 2019/2152 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 November 2019 on European business statistics, repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics and COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics: EU Regulations
All statistics collected and published by NIS are governed by the statistical Law no. 226/2009 regarding the organisationand functioning of official statistics in Romania updated with subsequent amendments, as well as the Government Decision on the Annual National Statistical Programme, which is published annually in the Official Journal.
The National Law stipulates that all individuals and legal units are required to submit data to the NIS on request.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Data are sent to Eurostat, IMF and other international organisations.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
The standards defining the confidentiality of statistical data are compliant with the Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (11 March 2009), on the transmission of data subject to statistical confidentiality to the Statistical Office of the European Communities, also with Article 36 of the Law no. 226/2009 on the organisation and functioning of Official Statistics in Romania.
The article 36 in the Romanian Law on Statistics states that:
the statistical data are deemed confidential if they relate to a single person or legal entity or allow the identification, directly or indirectly, of the person or legal entity concerned;
the statistical data obtained from processing individual data should only be disseminated if after aggregation the results refer to at least 3 sources and if none of them has a weight bigger than 80%;
confidentiality does not extend to individual data on institutions and organisations financed from the state budget, unless such data are protected by laws and other special acts;
confidential statistical data collected by the producers of official statistics cannot be used as evidence in court or to establish rights and obligations for data providers to which it relates.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Aggregations consisting of data of less than 3 establishments are regarded as confidential and therefore not published.
8.1. Release calendar
The Catalogue of statistical publications and services 2026 is publically available and published at the end of the year for the following calendar year on the website Release calendar (the information is only available in Romanian).
The results of the monthly survey are disseminated at M+32 days by press release and published at M+48 days in the Prices Statistical Bulletin and M+57 in the Monthly Statistical Bulletin. All the publications are available on via NIS website. The data can be found also in the TEMPO data base TEMPO online.
8.2. Release calendar access
The Catalogue of statistical publications and services 2026 is available on the NIS website Release calendar (the information is only available in Romanian).
8.3. Release policy - user access
Monthly data are available to all users simultaneously at the time of release through the press release and via NIS Internet website Release calendar (the information is only available in Romanian).
No organisation or person outside the NIS has prior access to the data before release to the public.
Data are transmitted to Eurostat and IMF.
Monthly.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
The results of the monthly survey are disseminated at M+32 days by news release on NIS website Release calendar (the information is only available in Romanian).
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Prices Statistical Bulletin
Monthly Statistical Bulletin
Industry Statistical Bulletin
Romania in figures
Economic and social situation of Romania
Romanian Statistical Yearbook
All statistical publications are available also in electronic format.
Access to confidential data (microdata) for scientific purposes is the only exception to the rule that confidential data can only be used to produce official statistics.
More about the microdata access in case of Romanian’s NIS can be found at the following link: INS-microdata. In the framework of the PRISMA project set up in 2018 by the European System of Central Banks (ESCB), NIS Romania provided to the National Bank of Romania PPI anonymized microdata for the period 2015-2024.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Data on PPI are sent monthly to Eurostat, as indices by e-DAMIS using SDMX format within 30 days (calendar days) from the end of the month, both to be used in European aggregates as well as to be released as national data.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
Brief details on the PPI methodology are presented in the statistical publications.
Monthly PPI’s data are published by NACE Rev.2 sections, divisions, classes and MIG’s are published in the monthly publications presented above (concept 10.2)
The time series are published by total and destination in the form of indices (year 2021=100) and monthly or annual rate of change.
The system of official statistics follows international and European quality standards. NIS Romania has adopted the UN Fundamental Principles for Official Statistics as well as the European Statistics Code of Practice and subscribed to the IMF Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS).
11.2. Quality management - assessment
The statistical process is monitored regarding relevance, accuracy, timeliness, punctuality, coherence and comparability.
Besides as a general measure of producer’s price inflation, PPI's have a variety of potential other uses, for example:
input for national accounts purposes;
input to economic forecasting and analysis;
measuring specific price trends;
input for inflation targeting;
contract indexation;
cross-country economic comparisons.
Data are relevant because are required by European legislation.
Users are Eurostat, government department, National Central Bank, IMF, media, researchers & students, enterprises/businesses, internal users.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
NIS Romania has conducted general surveys of user satisfaction in 2024, and plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose is to know the perception of users regarding the quality of the information they use and if their needs are covered.
The users’ specific needs are considered when methodological revisions are carried out in order to tailor the content of the survey to the specific requirements of its users, thereby increasing their levels of satisfaction.
Data are compliant with European legislation and Eurostat requirements.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
The producer price index satisfies the principle of accuracy, as it reflects a true picture of the development of producer prices within a certain economic activity.
There are negligible non sampling errors concerning coverage, measurement and non response.
No CVs are calculated for PPI.
13.2. Sampling error
A cut-off sample is used therefor there are no sampling error.
13.3. Non-sampling error
The response rate for PPI is about 88%.
The procedures to follow up with the non-responders refers to reminder telephone call and follow-up emails to remind the objective, timeliness, confidentiality of data and legal penalties in case of non-responses.
Usually the typing errors could appear in the processing stage and the data are revised the next month. The difference between initial figures and revised figures represents about +/- 0.5 % of the initial figures for total PPI.
No models are used in estimation on errors.
14.1. Timeliness
The indices are transmitted to Eurostat ( M+30 calendar days) and published each month, according to the pre-announced schedule at 32 days after the reference month.
The enterprises must transmit their data to the territorial statistical office by 5th day after the end of the reference period.
The territorial statistical office must editing the data and sending to the central office till the 9th day after the end of the reference period.
14.2. Punctuality
The PPI’s are always published on pre-announced date:
National news releases - M + 32 days;
Prices Statistical Bulletin - M + 48 days;
Monthly Statistical Bulletin – M + 57 days;
Industry Statistical Bulletin – M + 57 days;
European level (Eurostat) - M + 32 days;
TEMPO data base - M + 33 days.
Publication deadlines were met.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
The same statistical concepts and classifications are applied in the entire national territory.
15.2. Comparability - over time
The implementation of the EBS Regulation and changes of base periods may introduce some breaks in the time series.
No major methodological changes over the last 15 years.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
The results of the survey are cross-checked on a monthly base with corresponding products which may be available in the CPI sample.
15.4. Coherence - internal
PPI's are internal coherent. Higher level aggregations are derived from detailed indices according to well-defined procedures.
Number of units = 1700
Cost (NIS) hours per year = 24830
Burden (respondents) hours per year = 40800
17.1. Data revision - policy
Data revisions follow the Revision Policy of the NIS Romania, which represent one of the key documents of the office. The same revision policy is applied to STS data released nationally and transmitted to Eurostat. Calendar of standard revisions is being prepared together with the release calendar Revision policy.
Routine revisions: The revised indices are published together with the preliminary indices for the following month. Notice is given at the time the change is introduced.
Major revisions: In the case of regular index rebases (as a rule every five years), the results and changes in the calculation methodology or major changes as classification notice are presented in detail in the Price Statistical Bulletin, the Monthly Statistical Bulletin and on the NIS website well in advance of the change.
Vintage database currently exists in the central processing database but is not publicly accessible.
17.2. Data revision - practice
The first release of RO PPI is published as 'provisional' and is subject to revision in the next month due to more update information. A base-year revision leads to the backward revision of results.
Major changes in methodology are announced in all statistical publications at the time of the change. The status of data is clearly indicated in the publications.
The quality indicators used in data revision are: MR (Mean Revision) and MAR (Mean Absolute Revision). MR and MAR values were obtained with the information of its last 36 final months being December 2025 the last one.
The mean absolut revision values (MAR) of the differences between the general index first released and the last version, gross series, in the period January, 2023 to December, 2025 (36 months) was:
for total MAR=0.05639
for domestic market MAR=0.07778
for non domestic market MAR=0.01000
The mean revision values (MR) for this period was:
The PPI data are collected using a paper/electronic questionnaire. The form is clearly addressed to the company in question and include sufficient descriptions and explanations for the respondent to follow.
The PPI data are collected using a range of data collection: self-completion of the questionnaire received and return the data by e-mail, automated telephone data submission, personnel interview (usually for the new unit included in the sample).
The recommendation for the price collectors is to have a personnel interview with reporting enterprise at list for the first month of each year.
18.4. Data validation
The PPI system has a built-in module in order to diagnose data errors and checks for possible missing and critical variables.
The PPI software implemented procedures to identify the possible errors and outliers. For any price change is lower than 10%, the decreased percentage is shown which indicates the possibility of errors or outliers.
The PPI system generated a report to show the availability of all the data for the compiling period. The information provided in the report is a useful tool for the statistical staff at central office that can follow up any missing price data and prepare for final compilation of the index.
18.5. Data compilation
PPI is a fixed base Laspeyres index (2021=100)
The weighting values by destinations for all aggregation levels have been determined from the Annual Business Statistical Survey and are based on turnover.
The main data sources for building up the sample of economic operators is represented by the Bussiness Register (REGIS) and annualy PRODROM survey (for the reference year 2021). Based on the data from PRODROM statistical survey, the economic operators are ordered in a descending order by value of sales in each NACE Rev.2 activity class. The economic operators whose value of sales represents at least 60% of the total NACE Rev.2 class are kept in the sample.
Computation of lowest level indices: The elementary index corresponds to the variety for each unit and is calculated as the ratio between price of each variety for each unit in the reference month and the average price of the base year of the same variety multiplied by 100.
Aggregation: The index is calculated by aggregating elementary indices at the level of products/economic operators, PRODROM products, NACE Rev. 2 classes, NACE Rev. 2 divisions, NACE Rev. 2 sections and total industry. The weighting values were determined from the Annual Business Statistical Survey from reference year 2021.
18.6. Adjustment
No working day adjustment or seasonal adjustment is applied.
Not available.
Three Producer Price Indices (PPI) are calculated:
Producer price index for total (domestic and non-domestic market);
Producer price index for domestic market;
Producer price index for non-domestic market.
8 June 2026
The objective of the output price index is to measure the monthly development of transaction prices sold as they leave the domestic producers.
The domestic output price index for an economic activity measures the average price development of all goods and related services resulting from that activity and sold on the domestic market.
The non-domestic price index shows the average price development (expressed in the national currency) of all goods and related services resulting from that activity and sold outside of the domestic market.
When combined, these two indices show the average price development of all goods and related services resulting from an activity.The price-determining characteristics of the products are taken into account, including quantity of units sold, rebates, service conditions and destination. The indices of domestic and non-domestic prices require separate output price indices to be compiled according to the destination of the product. The destination is determined by the residency of the third party that has ordered or purchased the product.
Data are collected monthly; the reference period is the 15th of the previous calendar month.
Reporting unit and observation unit is KAU
The main data sources for building up the sample of economic operators is represented by the Bussiness Register (REGIS) and annualy PRODROM survey (for the reference year 2021). Based on the data from PRODROM statistical survey, the economic operators are ordered in a descending manner by value of sales in each NACE Rev.2 activity class. The economic operators whose value of sales represents at least 70% of the total NACE Rev.2 class are kept in the sample.
The coverage obtained is between 70% and 100%.
There are around 1700 legal units which are surveyed each month.
The PPI's cover the entire economic territory of the country.
Month
The producer price index satisfies the principle of accuracy, as it reflects a true picture of the development of producer prices within a certain economic activity.
There are negligible non sampling errors concerning coverage, measurement and non response.
No CVs are calculated for PPI.
Indices, percentage changes (%)
PPI is a fixed base Laspeyres index (2021=100)
The weighting values by destinations for all aggregation levels have been determined from the Annual Business Statistical Survey and are based on turnover.
The main data sources for building up the sample of economic operators is represented by the Bussiness Register (REGIS) and annualy PRODROM survey (for the reference year 2021). Based on the data from PRODROM statistical survey, the economic operators are ordered in a descending order by value of sales in each NACE Rev.2 activity class. The economic operators whose value of sales represents at least 60% of the total NACE Rev.2 class are kept in the sample.
Computation of lowest level indices: The elementary index corresponds to the variety for each unit and is calculated as the ratio between price of each variety for each unit in the reference month and the average price of the base year of the same variety multiplied by 100.
Aggregation: The index is calculated by aggregating elementary indices at the level of products/economic operators, PRODROM products, NACE Rev. 2 classes, NACE Rev. 2 divisions, NACE Rev. 2 sections and total industry. The weighting values were determined from the Annual Business Statistical Survey from reference year 2021.
The indices are transmitted to Eurostat ( M+30 calendar days) and published each month, according to the pre-announced schedule at 32 days after the reference month.
The enterprises must transmit their data to the territorial statistical office by 5th day after the end of the reference period.
The territorial statistical office must editing the data and sending to the central office till the 9th day after the end of the reference period.
The same statistical concepts and classifications are applied in the entire national territory.
The implementation of the EBS Regulation and changes of base periods may introduce some breaks in the time series.
No major methodological changes over the last 15 years.
