Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Vllazën Huta Street, Building 35, Entrance 1, Tirana, Zip Code 1017
1.6. Contact email address
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1.7. Contact phone number
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1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
5 March 2025
2.2. Metadata last posted
5 March 2025
2.3. Metadata last update
5 March 2025
3.1. Data description
Producer Price Index (PPI) is one of the main short-term business indicators; it is regarded as one of the important measures of the economic situation in the Country. Indices for particular economic activity measure the average change in the prices of industrial products, which are produced and sold by Albanian enterprises. Three Producer Price Indices are calculated:
Total Producer Price Index
Producer Price Index on the domestic market measure the performance of production prices of industrial products produced and sold in the domestic market
Producer Price Index on the non-domestic market measure the price performance (converted into domestic currency, including the exchange rate) of domestically produced industrial products and foreign-market sales.
3.2. Classification system
The classification used for these statistics is the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities (NACE). The data are produced in national level, breakdown by activity grouped in two digits level of this nomenclature. Till second quarter 2014, the data are produced using NACE Rev.1.1. Starting from second quarter 2014, the data are published in NACE Rev.2.
3.3. Coverage - sector
Sector coverage of index:
Section B: 05-09 Mining and quarrying
Section C: 10-34 Manufacturing
Section D: 35 Electricity, gas and steam supply
Section E: 36-38 Water supply, sewerage and waste.
Data collection results from the Regulation 1165/98 which was adopted in 1998 and amended in 2005 by Regulation 1185/2005. 1999 – 2014, The data are published at 2-digit level of the NACE Rev.1.1 for:
Mining and quarrying – C: 10 – 14
Manufacturing – D: 15 – 36
Electricity, gas, Water supply - E: 40 – 41 2015.
till now NACE rev.2 for:
Section B: 05-09 Mining and quarrying
Section C: 10-34 Manufacturing
Section D: 35 Electricity, gas and steam supply
Section E: 36-38 Water supply, sewerage and waste.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Producer Price Index measures price differences of product at the first selling point following production. measures changes in the level of producer prices of manufactured goods that are produced in Albania and sold by producers on the domestic (Albanian) and/or non-domestic market.
The price is the net income earned by the buyer of a product delivered under the terms of the sale.
The relative price is the simplest index of the price change in percentage of a product in two given time periods, one of which constitutes the base 4 period.
Price ratio is calculated automatically whenever price is entered, adjusted or imputed. The price ratio is also automatically adjusted when the base price is adjusted. One price ratio is calculated for each product each month. It is the current price divided either by the actual base price or by an adjusted base price.
Wheihting: Arithmetically weighted averages of individual observations will form the index numbers. The index (short term- link) for a 6-digit NACE is calculated by multiplying all weights by their corresponding index numbers (price ratio) then divide by the sum of the weights.
Imputation: The imputation is done by multiolying the previus reported price by the avarege monthly price movement of the closest higher level of aggregation (6-digit or 2-digit).
Measures of Index:
The annual rate measures the price change between the current quarter and the same quarter of previous year. This measures is responsive to recent changes in price levels but can be influenced by one - off effects in either quarter.
Quarterly change measures the price changes between current quarter and previous quarter. Although current, it can be affected by seasonal effects and other effects.
3.5. Statistical unit
Observation units are enterprises and their units that according to their principal activity belong to Standard Classification of Activities (CPA 2008): The sources for selecting enterprises are the Annual Survey on Industrial Production and Custom Data.
3.6. Statistical population
The Statistical populations for Producer Price Index are all active enterprises that according to Statistical Business Register are operating in the sections: B, C, D, and E according to the NACE rev.2.
3.7. Reference area
The Producer Price comprises all territory of Albania.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Time series for Producer Price Index from 1999 – 2005 NACE Rev1
Time series 2005 – 2014 NACE Rev1 and NACE Rev2. (2005 = 100, 2010 = 100,2020=100,2021=100)
Producer Price Indices for Domestic and Export Market: 2007 - 5 2024.
3.9. Base period
Base period for the Producer Price Index is the year 2021=100.
Unit of measure are:
Indices
Percentage changes quarterly
Percentage changes yearly.
The reference period of Producer Price Index survey is monthly but published quarterly. This report is for the reference year 2024.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
The legal bases for the Producer Price Index indicators are:
Implementing regulation - 2020/1197 - EN - EUR-Lex of 30 July 2020 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
INSTAT send Producer Price Index data to Eurostat. INSTAT compile different questioners for the European Commission, Enterprise and Industry Directorate-General, OECD, etc.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
The data collected by the electricity operators are considered strictly confidential and used only for statistical purposes and scientific research in accordance with Law no. 17/2018 "On Official Statistics", as well as Law no. 9887, dated 10 March 2008 "Protection of Personal Data". Article 31 of the Law on “Official Statistics” clearly define that data collected for the production of official statistics shall be treated by INSTAT as confidential and shall be used only in aggregated tables that will not identify the source information unit. Direct identification means when a statistical unit is directly identified from its name or address or any officially allocated and commonly known identification number. When data processing is made in a manner that allows the identification of the data subject, the data should immediately be encrypted in order for the subjects to be no longer identifiable.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Albanian Institute of Statistics protects and does not disseminate data it has obtained or it has access to, which enable the direct or indirect identification of the statistical units. Albania Institute of Statistics takes all appropriate preventive measures so as to render impossible the identification of individual statistical units by technical or other means that might reasonably be used by a third party. Statistical data that could potentially enable the identification of the statistical unit are disseminated by Albania Institute of Statistics if and only if:
a) these data have been treated, as it is specifically set out in the Regulation, in such a way that their dissemination does not prejudice statistical confidentiality or
b) the statistical unit has given its consent, without any reservations, for the disclosure of data.
The confidential data that are transmitted to Albania Institute of Statistics are used exclusively for statistical purposes and the only persons who have the right to have access to these data are the personnel engaged in this task. Issues referring to the observance of statistical confidentiality are examined by the staff working in Albania Institute of Statistics. The responsibilities of this staff are to recommend on: which detailed level the statistical data can be disseminated, so as the identification, either directly or indirectly, of the surveyed statistical unit is not possible; the anonymization criteria for the microdata provided to users; the access granting to researchers on confidential data for scientific purposes.
8.1. Release calendar
Notifications about the dissemination of statistics are published in the release calendar, which is available on the website. The announcements and delays are per-announced in this calendar. In the case of delays, the date of the next publication and the explanation of the reasons for the delays are specified.
8.2. Release calendar access
The calendar of publications is available on INSTAT website.
8.3. Release policy - user access
In line with the article 34 of Law No.17/2018 “On Official Statistics”, INSTAT disseminates statistics on INSTSAT website and other media for simultaneous access, respecting professional independence and in an objective, professional and transparent manner in which all users are treated equitably. The following dissemination channels are used to release the results of Balance of Electricity:
Data request, section available for external users.
The frequency of Producer Price Index data dissemination is quarterly.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
According to the calendar of publications, a quarterly press release is published on the Producer Price Index. The format of press release has not been changed; it is defined by publication sector as well as the date of release. Press releases of Producer Price Index are published online at INSTATs website.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
All data for the Producer Price Index can be found on the INSTAT website.
All the information is available in both Albanian and English language. Since 2011, through the Pc-Axis system is provided to external users in web a longer time series data from Producer Price Index 1999 reference year. A simple methodological explanation exists also in the web page. Access to the database is as following: Database
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Producer Price Index database at micro level are not published due to confidentiality reasons. Aggregated data is the only type of data that is provided to external users. Even the micro data are not published they can be accessed based on the article 31, point 7, low No. 17/2018 “On official statistics”.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Users can submit specific requests for data from the Producer Price Index survey through the INSTAT website: Data-Request.The data IS sent to Eurostat for users.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
A short explanation related to the definitions of the main concepts and methodological explanations are provided to users in the end of press releases and publications. Additional support information is given to internal users when needed or required. Also the methodological notes are published at INSTATs website.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
Price Unit document all the work process and procedure for the Producer Price Index for internal purposes.
11.1. Quality assurance
INSTAT is committed to quality assurance in the production of official statistics. Based on Law no. 17/2018 "On Official Statistics", INSTAT uses statistical methods and processes in accordance with internationally accepted scientific principles and standards, and conducts continuous analysis to improve the quality and provision of up-to-date statistics. In carrying out its tasks, INSTAT follows the general principles of quality management, in accordance with the European Statistics Code of Practice. INSTAT for quality assurance is guided by the following principles: impartiality, quality of statistical processes and products, user orientation, employee orientation, effectiveness of statistical processes and reducing the workload for respondents.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
Quality controls and validation of data are actions carried out throughout the process. The staffs is involved in different stages such as the data collection, data control, data input and other necessary control are all well trained. This helps the staff to know the enterprises and their responsibilities and keep an updated collaboration.
The sector checks prices every month. If we notice that a price has a big difference compared to the previous month, the enumerator is contacted to confirm this change and if it is well justified, this price is included in further calculations. Else, the interviewer should verify once more the collected price.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Users of Producer Price Index are classified as external and internal.
External users are:
Institutions of public administration
Universities
National and international NGOs
Businesses
Researchers, students and other similar groups.
Internal users are those within the institution of INSTAT that use Producer Price Index results as input for their work like following:
National Account Directory
Short-term Statistics Unit.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
INSTAT annually conducts the Survey for Measuring User Satisfaction, the results of which are published on the web at the link: User Satisfaction Survey.
The 2024 survey results show that the overall quality of “Producer Price Index” is rated 3.84 (77 %) on a scale of 1 (very poor) to 5 (very good).
12.3. Completeness
Producer Price Index statistics on their completeness are built in accordance with EUROSTAT regulations. The degree of completeness of the data, for of Producer Price Index is around 100%. This calculation took into account the European regulation.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
The accuracy of Producer Price Index is generally considered to be high. There is methodological accuracy in regards of weights and prices and calculations according to European Regulations.
13.2. Sampling error
Sampling errors for the Producer Price Index cannot be calculated because the survey is not based on a random sample but on threshold sampling.
13.3. Non-sampling error
The non-sampling errors are mainly errors occurring during measurement or nonresponsive. Errors are evaluated and compared to results of other periods. Phone or physical contacts to the enterprises are used to obtain the correct information and to increase the response rate.
Unit non-response takes in consideration enterprises that are unable or unwilling to give the answers or when interviewers are unable to find the enterprises address, or when other barriers exist to complete the interview. The unit nonresponse rate for Producer Price Index 2024 is 34.05%.
Over-coverage is possible when a unit is registered in the activity under observation, but it actually performs some other activity, which is not the subject of observation or the enterprise’s status has changed, it’s not active anymore. Over-coverage rate for Producer Price Index 2024 is 2.56%.
14.1. Timeliness
Results of Producer Price Index are published on INSTAT website 64 days after the end of the reference period (T+64 days). The reference period of these results is December 31st, 2024.
Reference period
31 December 2024
Date of publication
5 March 2025
Timeliness
64
14.2. Punctuality
The data of Producer Price Index are disseminated according to the publication calendar.
Reference period
31 December 2024
Date of announcement
5 March 2025
Date of publication
5 March 2025
Time lag
0
15.1. Comparability - geographical
The Producer Price Index are compiled at national level using European definitions.
15.2. Comparability - over time
Producer Price Index statistics are provided quarterly, annually and are comparable. Time series for Producer Price Index exists from the reference year 1999. (The base period has changed: 1999=100, 2005=100 , 2010=100 , 2020=100 and now 2021=100).
The time series for the Producer Price Index are available from the reference year 2005 (2005 = 100) referring to the statistical database having a time comparability of 20 years (CC2 = Jlast-Jfirst + 1 = 20).
The time series for Domestic Producer Price Index and the Export Price Index are available from the reference year 2007, referring to statistical data having a time comparability of 18 years (CC2 = Jlast-Jfirst + 1 = 18).
The data are constantly checked to ensure their comparability over time.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Indices are partially comparable to the Consumer Price Index and the external trade statistics.
15.4. Coherence - internal
The internal consistency of the data is checked before it is finalized. The links between variables are checked and coherence between different data series confirmed.
Persons working for the Producer Price Index:
Total 73 employees:
Total staff in Central Office: 3 employees
Enumerators 52: 40 long term and 12 short term
Operators: 9 employees
Controllers: 9 employees.
17.1. Data revision - policy
Revision policy is done in accordance with general revision policy and errors treatment policy set by INSTAT. The same revision policy is applied to data released nationally and transmitted to Eurostat. For further information refer to:
Published data are not considered final and can be revised. Data are revised for a whole range or for other reasons such as: new and/or improved data sources, corrections of errors or methodological changes, but the revisions are generally rather limited in scale.
No reviews of data on “Producer Price Index” for 2024 have been conducted, subject to this report. No numeric values are available for MR and MAR indicators.
18.1. Source data
The data sources for Producer Price Index are:
Survey on producer prices
Annual Structural Survey
Custom data.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Frequency of data collection is done on quarterly bases, with monthly information.
18.3. Data collection
Data collection is carried out through the Survey on producer prices. From a sample of statistical units are collected the price. Completion of the information is relayed by direct interview by the interviewer with the contact person of the enterprise who is charged to declare the data.
18.4. Data validation
Verification of prices: Collected prices are compared to their historical trend, price changes for similar products and other knowledge gained by 12 analysts; implausible price changes are verified with the reporting unit. Reporting units verify prices of the products by reporting prices for both the current and the previous month and, if any changes occurred, those changes have to be explained in the questionnaire. In INSTAT, prices have been checked by checking prices on questionnaires, by data entry and by telephone in cases when the questionnaire is not properly completed.
18.5. Data compilation
First step is collecting information from administrative data and telephone interviews. The purpose is to bring this information to the statistic level.
This process follows:
Physical control of questionnaires
Logical control of information collected throught telephone interviews (control of logical marked of responses indicators and control of accurate values)
Editing process of data collected (errors and modification)
Non response units and the missing information need to be completed through the imputation process
The Laspeyres indices are used
Analysis of results for each domain of publication
Imputation is the statistical method used to fill missing information in the period for which the index should be calculated.
18.6. Adjustment
Missing prices: In case of a missing price, the price of the previous month is carried forward. Treatment of products out of production: If a product becomes unavailable, an appropriate replacement item is selected with similar specifications. Selection of replacement items: A new item within the product group (CPA 6- digit) is suggested by the respondent and selected. Adjustments for quality differences: Overlap pricing - collection of previous period price of the new item – or judgmental explicit valuation of the specification difference. If none of the two are possible “no price change” is assumed.
New Products: New products are included at the end of the year and are part of the sample for the following period. Introducing new products: New products are included as from each new annual link.
Seasonal items: The latest observed price is carried forward until the item reappears on the market. Seasonally-adjusted indices: Not compiled.
No further comments.
Producer Price Index (PPI) is one of the main short-term business indicators; it is regarded as one of the important measures of the economic situation in the Country. Indices for particular economic activity measure the average change in the prices of industrial products, which are produced and sold by Albanian enterprises. Three Producer Price Indices are calculated:
Total Producer Price Index
Producer Price Index on the domestic market measure the performance of production prices of industrial products produced and sold in the domestic market
Producer Price Index on the non-domestic market measure the price performance (converted into domestic currency, including the exchange rate) of domestically produced industrial products and foreign-market sales.
5 March 2025
Producer Price Index measures price differences of product at the first selling point following production. measures changes in the level of producer prices of manufactured goods that are produced in Albania and sold by producers on the domestic (Albanian) and/or non-domestic market.
The price is the net income earned by the buyer of a product delivered under the terms of the sale.
The relative price is the simplest index of the price change in percentage of a product in two given time periods, one of which constitutes the base 4 period.
Price ratio is calculated automatically whenever price is entered, adjusted or imputed. The price ratio is also automatically adjusted when the base price is adjusted. One price ratio is calculated for each product each month. It is the current price divided either by the actual base price or by an adjusted base price.
Wheihting: Arithmetically weighted averages of individual observations will form the index numbers. The index (short term- link) for a 6-digit NACE is calculated by multiplying all weights by their corresponding index numbers (price ratio) then divide by the sum of the weights.
Imputation: The imputation is done by multiolying the previus reported price by the avarege monthly price movement of the closest higher level of aggregation (6-digit or 2-digit).
Measures of Index:
The annual rate measures the price change between the current quarter and the same quarter of previous year. This measures is responsive to recent changes in price levels but can be influenced by one - off effects in either quarter.
Quarterly change measures the price changes between current quarter and previous quarter. Although current, it can be affected by seasonal effects and other effects.
Observation units are enterprises and their units that according to their principal activity belong to Standard Classification of Activities (CPA 2008): The sources for selecting enterprises are the Annual Survey on Industrial Production and Custom Data.
The Statistical populations for Producer Price Index are all active enterprises that according to Statistical Business Register are operating in the sections: B, C, D, and E according to the NACE rev.2.
The Producer Price comprises all territory of Albania.
The reference period of Producer Price Index survey is monthly but published quarterly. This report is for the reference year 2024.
The accuracy of Producer Price Index is generally considered to be high. There is methodological accuracy in regards of weights and prices and calculations according to European Regulations.
Unit of measure are:
Indices
Percentage changes quarterly
Percentage changes yearly.
First step is collecting information from administrative data and telephone interviews. The purpose is to bring this information to the statistic level.
This process follows:
Physical control of questionnaires
Logical control of information collected throught telephone interviews (control of logical marked of responses indicators and control of accurate values)
Editing process of data collected (errors and modification)
Non response units and the missing information need to be completed through the imputation process
The Laspeyres indices are used
Analysis of results for each domain of publication
Imputation is the statistical method used to fill missing information in the period for which the index should be calculated.
The data sources for Producer Price Index are:
Survey on producer prices
Annual Structural Survey
Custom data.
The frequency of Producer Price Index data dissemination is quarterly.
Results of Producer Price Index are published on INSTAT website 64 days after the end of the reference period (T+64 days). The reference period of these results is December 31st, 2024.
Reference period
31 December 2024
Date of publication
5 March 2025
Timeliness
64
The Producer Price Index are compiled at national level using European definitions.
Producer Price Index statistics are provided quarterly, annually and are comparable. Time series for Producer Price Index exists from the reference year 1999. (The base period has changed: 1999=100, 2005=100 , 2010=100 , 2020=100 and now 2021=100).
The time series for the Producer Price Index are available from the reference year 2005 (2005 = 100) referring to the statistical database having a time comparability of 20 years (CC2 = Jlast-Jfirst + 1 = 20).
The time series for Domestic Producer Price Index and the Export Price Index are available from the reference year 2007, referring to statistical data having a time comparability of 18 years (CC2 = Jlast-Jfirst + 1 = 18).
The data are constantly checked to ensure their comparability over time.
