Croatian Bureau of Statistics

Foreign Trade in Goods Statistics Department

Ilica 3, Zagreb, Croatia

Data are the result of a regular survey on import prices (IMPR form), and are collected by direct access to a web application (electronic form). The data collection period in each month ranges from the 1st to the 20th day of the month for data from the previous reporting month. The survey is used to collect data on the turnover and prices of imported goods of a representative basket, that is, the products that were not produced in the Republic of Croatia, but were imported from any Member State of the European Union or from any other countries in the reporting month. The data on turnover are collected once a year, while the data on prices are collected in monthly dynamics. The purpose of calculating the import price index is to measure and monitor the monthly transaction price developments of imported goods. For the calculation of the import price index, it is very important to collect data on the prices of the same goods from the same partner country month by month.

All indices are presented in gross form. The presentation and interpretation of import price indices is in line with Eurostat’s requirements for the presentation of short-term business indicators and with Regulation (EU) No. 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No. 2020/1197.

Sections B, C and D are defined by the Statistical Classification of Products by Activity − CPA, version 2.1, as a binding classification in the European Union, which is related to the NACE, Rev. 2 classification (Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, revised 2008 version) and the Combined Nomenclature (CN).

Observation units are products from sections B, C and D of the National Classification of Activities, 2007 version (NKD 2007.), which are purchased by business entities on the EU market and on the markets of other countries. The survey does not include imported products classified into section B Mining and quarrying, class 07.21 and division 09, and section C Manufacturing, division 18, class 24.46, groups 25.4, 30.1, 30.3, 30.4 and division 33.

The objective of the import price indices is to measure the monthly transaction price development of imported goods purchased from non-domestic areas by domestic residents. All the related services are excluded from the scope. It is essential that all price-determining characteristics of the products are taken into account, including quantity of units sold, transport provided, rebates, service conditions, guarantee conditions origin and destination. The non-domestic market is defined as third parties, which are not resident in the same national territory as the observation unit.
The indices of the import prices require a separate calculation according to the country of consignment of the product. The country of consignment is determined in a consistent way with customs procedures. Import prices are sub-divided into imports from euro-zone countries and imports from non-euro zone countries.

The survey is carried out using the sampling method. The sample frame consists of business entities and parts thereof registered in the Statistical Business Register of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics. The reporting unit and observation unit is enterprise.

Observation units are products from sections B, C and D of the National Classification of Activities, 2007 version (NKD 2007.), which are purchased by business entities on the EU market and on the markets of other countries. Sections B, C and D are defined by the Statistical Classification of Products by Activity − CPA, version 2.1, as a binding classification in the European Union, which is related to the NACE, Rev. 2 classification (Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, revised 2008 version) and the Combined Nomenclature (CN). The survey does not include imported products classified into section B Mining and quarrying, class 07.21 and division 09, and section C Manufacturing, division 18, class 24.46, groups 25.4, 30.1, 30.3, 30.4 and division 33.

The grouping of the NKD 2007. activities at the level of groups or divisions according to the MIGs 2009., using alphabetic marks of abbreviations, was done as follows:

All Intermediate goods: the NKD 2007. divisions and groups:

MIG_ING : 07 – 09, 10.6, 10.9, 13.1 – 13.3, 16, 17, 20.1 – 20.3, 20.5, 20.6, 22 – 24, 25.5 – 25.7, 25.9, 26.1, 26.8, 27.1 – 27.4 and 27.9

AE MIG_NRG Energy: the NKD 2007. divisions: 05, 06, 19 and 35 (excluding 35.3)

BB MIG_CAG Capital goods: the NKD 2007. divisions and groups: 25.1 – 25.4, 26.2, 26.3, 26.5, 26.6, 28, 29, 30.1 – 30.4, 32.5 and 33

CD MIG_DCOG Consumer durables: the NKD 2007. divisions and groups: 26.4, 26.7, 27.5, 30.9, 31, 32.1 and 32.2 CN MIG_NDCOG Consumer non-durables: the NKD 2007. divisions and groups: 10.1 – 10.5, 10.7, 10.8, 11, 12, 13.9, 14, 15, 18, 20.4, 21, 32.3, 32.4 and 32.9

Whole teritory of the Republic of Croatia 

Starting with the day of the entry of the Republic of Croatia into the eurozone (1 January 2023), the Croatian Bureau of Statistics is obligated to submit data on import price index to Eurostat on the monthly basis.

Time series cover the period back to 2023.

As of January 2023, the base period for the calculation of the import price index is 2015.

The entry of the Republic of Croatia into the eurozone was 1 January 2023.

According to the EBS Regulation, HR was implemented 2021 as the base year from 1 January 2024. Time series of 2023 is recalculated accordingly.

Indices, percentage changes. 

Month

The presentation and interpretation of import price indices is in line with Eurostat’s requirements for the presentation of short-term business indicators and with Regulation (EU) No. 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No. 2020/1197.

Import price indices are submitted to Eurostat on a regular monthly basis and are available on Eurostat’s website https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, with indicators of all EU Member States with which they are comparable.

Precise publishing dates are specified in the Calendar of Statistical Data Issues 2023, which is available on the website of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics https://podaci.dzs.hr/en.

Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data as well as the Official Statistics Act (NN, No.25/20).

Import price indices disseminated at national level on monthly basis

Precise publishing dates are specified in the Calendar of Statistical Data Issues, which is available on the website of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics https://podaci.dzs.hr/en.

Import price indices disseminated by Eurostat on monthly basis

Import price indices are submitted to Eurostat on a regular monthly basis and are available on Eurostat’s website https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, with indicators of all EU Member States with which they are comparable.

https://podaci.dzs.hr/en.

Import price indices disseminated at national level on monthly basis

This kind of information is available at the CBS' official website (https://dzs.gov.hr/en), by Calendar of Statistical Data Issues and by Publishing Programme.

Import price disseminated by Eurostat

Import price indices are submitted to Eurostat on a regular monthly basis and are available on Eurostat’s website https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, with indicators of all EU Member States with which they are comparable.

In line with the Community legal framework and the European Statistics Code of Practice, Eurostat disseminates European statistics on Eurostat's website.

National levels: Monthly

European levels: Monthly

Import price indices are disseminated monthly.

No news release

Import price indices disseminated at national level on monthly basis

STS databases, available at the CBS' official website (https://podaci.dzs.hr/en), comprises time series from 2023 afterwards.

Import price indices disseminated by Eurostat

Import price indices are submitted to Eurostat on a regular monthly basis and are available on Eurostat’s website https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, with indicators of all EU Member States with which they are comparable.

Import price indices disseminated at national level on monthly basis

STS databases, available at the CBS' official website (https://podaci.dzs.hr/en), comprises time series from 2023 afterwards.

Import price indices disseminated by Eurostat

Import price indices are submitted to Eurostat on a regular monthly basis and are available on Eurostat’s website https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, with indicators of all EU Member States with which they are comparable.

STS data are disseminated in full detail in the Eurostat database.

Not applicable, no micro-data available at Eurostat.

The data that are sent to Eurostat are to be used in European aggregates and released also as national data.

The European business statistics manual, 2021 provides a detailed description of European business statistics, including how they are compiled and the methodologies behind them.

The EBS methodological manual for short-term business statistics, 2021 provides an overview of the most important methodological issues concerning STS

The EBS compilers manual for short-term business statistics, 2021 contains a comprehensive set of recommendations on the compilation of the STS statistics.

Quality documentation can be reached on CBS' website:

In order to establish a comprehensive system of quality, the Croatian Bureau of Statistics applies the model of Total Quality Management, which also contains the Code of Practice of European Statistics. This model offers a possibility of continuous improvement for each business process. It focuses not only on products and services, but also on users and their satisfaction, the active participation of employees, long-term business success and social benefit. The communication is recognised as a key element of all statistical processes that affect the business success. (https://dzs.gov.hr/en)

Import price indices are produced in compliance with EU methodological requirements and standards. In order to assure an appropriate quality of Import price indices, quality checks and validations are made throughout data collection as well as data processing process.

 Data are used by different users: Eurostat, UN, national bank, government departments, trade unions, researchers, students, internal users (national accounts), enterprises/businesses.

The survey on import prices started on 1 January, 2023. So far, no user satisfaction survey has been conducted and there is no feedback.

Time series of import price indices in accordance with the regulation are available since January 2023 (date of entry of the Republic of Croatia into euro area).

The accuracy of Import price indices is considered to be good. An appropriate actions are taken to identify and eliminate potential sources of errors.

The survey is carried out using the sampling method. The sample frame consists of business entities and parts thereof registered in the Statistical Business Register of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics. For the selection of business entities and products for the calculation of the import price index, the technique of stratified non-probability sampling was used, with a pre-defined threshold level, in two phases:

1) In the first phase, business entities are selected according to the principle of representativeness.

2) In the second phase, imported goods are selected according to the principle of comparability.

Sampling error for 2023 are not yet calculated for Import price indices.

Sampling errors are not calculated for Import price indices because the sample is not based on random selection. In order to ensure good representativeness, the sample includes enerprises that have constant imports of representative products.

The Croatian Bureau of Statistics developed an electronic data collection system for the IMPR survey that can be accessed directly through the web application which has automatic controls and checks in place.

Data processing errors - web application contains a validation and automatic controls that helps to avoid processing errors.

CBS reminds the reporting units of their obligation via e-mail. After having received the second reminder, the units that have not yet completed the questionnaire are called by telephone.

E-mail remainders and telephone calls are used to maintain response rate. 

Change of products - if some products are not representative any more, or if there are changes in their determining characteristics, they are replaced by new products similar CN codes.

In case of error detected reporting unit is contacted again and incorrect values are manually edited.

Unit non-response rate is 20.44%.

Data are published not later than 1 month and 15 calendar days after the end of the reference period.

STS databases, available at the CBS' official website https://podaci.dzs.hr/en are published punctuality according to the announced release calendar.

The EBS Regulation and the EBS methodological guidelines are applied by the countries transmitting STS data. 

Comparable time series are available from the January of 2023 on.

The IMPR survey is not comparable with any statistical survey in Croatia.

The EBS Regulation and the related implementing act have introduced a set of common definitions for short-term statistics applied by all Member States. Eurostat and the national statistical offices work together in order to ensure the coherence of the short-term statistics indicators.

Data are internally coherent.

CBS doesn't have a summary of cost regarding production of Import price indices.

CBS doesn't have revision policy regarding Import price indices. Revisions occur only on an ad hoc base, i.e. if requested by Eurostat.

If errors are detected in either national data or in European aggregates, they are corrected immediately and an error report is released.

The same revision policy is applied to STS data released nationally and transmitted to Eurostat.

CBS doesn't have revision policy regarding Import price indices. Revisions occur only on an ad hoc base, i.e. if requested by Eurostat.

If errors are detected in either national data or in European aggregates, they are corrected immediately and an error report is released.

MAR=0

MR=0

Data are the result of a regular survey on import prices (IMPR form), and are collected by direct access to a web application (electronic form). The data collection period in each month ranges from the 1st to the 20th day of the month for data from the previous reporting month.

Observation units are products from sections B, C and D of the National Classification of Activities, 2007 version (NKD 2007.), which are purchased by business entities on the EU market and on the markets of other countries.

The survey is carried out using the sampling method. The sample frame consists of business entities and parts thereof registered in the Statistical Business Register of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics. For the selection of business entities and products for the calculation of the import price index, the technique of stratified non-probability sampling was used, with a pre-defined threshold level, in two phases:

1) In the first phase, business entities are selected according to the principle of representativeness.

2) In the second phase, imported goods are selected according to the principle of comparability.

Data are collected monthly.

The Croatian Bureau of Statistics developed an electronic data collection system for the IMPR survey that can be accessed directly through the web application. 

In order to achieve the comparability of import price indices in consecutive periods, the representative basket includes fixed products with fixed weights. For the calculation of import price indices in the months of the current year, fixed weights determined in December of the previous year are used. The weights are revised once a year, according to the value of import from December of the previous year for the following year. December of the previous year is the reference period for the calculation of the Laspeyres aggregate price index of the representative basket of imported products. In case of non-response or product temporarily not imported - the imputation methods have been applied.

Data are not calendar adjusted nor seasonally adjusted.

Not applicable.