|
For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
|
|||
1.1. Contact organisation | INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTADISTICA (INE) |
||
1.2. Contact organisation unit | Science and Technology Unit |
||
1.5. Contact mail address |
Avenida de Manoteras 50-52 , planta 3 despacho 323
28050 Madrid (Spain)
|
|
|||
2.1. Metadata last certified | 25/10/2023 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 25/10/2023 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 25/10/2023 |
|
||||||||||||||||||
3.1. Data description | ||||||||||||||||||
Statistics on Business enterprise R&D (BERD) measure research and experimental development (R&D) performed in the business enterprise sector, i.e. R&D expenditure and R&D personnel. In line with this objective the target population for the national R&D survey of the business enterprise sector consist of all R&D performing enterprises (including all R&D performers – occasional and continuous, known and unknown - in all branches and size classes) belonging to this sector. The “enterprise” is defined in Council Regulation (EEC) No 1993/696 of 15 March 1993. The results are related to the population of all R&D performing enterprises classified in Sections A to U of the common statistical classification of economic activities as established by Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council (NACE Rev.2).
The main concepts and definitions used for the production of R&D statistics are given by OECD (2015), Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development, The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities, which is the internationally recognised standard methodology for collecting R&D statistics and by Eurostat’s European Business Statistics Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics. (EBS Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics).
Since the beginning of 2021, the collection of R&D statistics is based on Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020. The Regulation sets the framework for the collection of R&D statistics and specifies the main variables of interest and their breakdowns at predefined level of detail. Statistics on science, technology and innovation were collected until the end of 2020 based on Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2012/995 concerning the production and development of Community statistics on science and technology. |
||||||||||||||||||
3.2. Classification system | ||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
3.2.1. Additional classifications | ||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
3.3. Coverage - sector | ||||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||||
3.3.1. General coverage | ||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
3.3.2. Sector institutional coverage | ||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
3.3.3. R&D variable coverage | ||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
3.3.4. International R&D transactions | ||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
3.3.5. Extramural R&D expenditures | ||||||||||||||||||
According to the Frascati Manual, expenditure on extramural R&D (i.e. R&D performed outside the statistical unit enterprise) is not included in intramural R&D performance totals (FM, §4.12).
|
||||||||||||||||||
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | ||||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||||
3.4.1. R&D expenditure | ||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
3.4.2. R&D personnel | ||||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||||
3.4.2.1. R&D personnel – Head Counts (HC) | ||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
3.4.2.2. R&D personnel – Full Time Equivalent (FTE) | ||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
3.4.2.3. FTE calculation | ||||||||||||||||||
FTE is calculated according to Frascati Manual, using the concept person/year. |
||||||||||||||||||
3.4.2.4. R&D personnel - Cross-classification by function and qualification | ||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
3.5. Statistical unit | ||||||||||||||||||
The statistical unit for BERD is the enterprise as defined by Council Regulation (EEC) No 1993/696 of 15 March 1993, – if there are deviations please explain. The basic statistical unit for these operations is the Enterprise. The reporting unit , or rather, the unit from which the basic information is obtained is the Legal Unit. Given that it is perfectly defined and located and has accounting and employment data, the answer is facilitated and homogeneous information is obtained. The Legal Units can be legal persons (mercantile enterprises) or physical persons (individual entrepreneurs).
|
||||||||||||||||||
3.6. Statistical population | ||||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||||
3.6.1. National target population | ||||||||||||||||||
The objective of the European R&D statistics is to cover all intramural R&D activities. In line with this objective the target population for the national R&D survey of the Business Enterprise Sector should consist of all R&D performing enterprises (including all R&D performers – occasional and continuous, known and unknown - in all branches and size classes) belonging to this sector. In practice however, countries in their R&D surveys might exclude some enterprises for which R&D activities are deemed to be non-existent or negligible, in order to limit the response burden or due to budgetary constraints.
|
||||||||||||||||||
3.6.2. Frame population – Description | ||||||||||||||||||
The target population is the population for which inferences are made. The frame (or frames, as sometimes several frames are used) is a device that permits access to population units. The frame population is the set of population units which can be accessed through the frame and the survey data really refer to this population.
1) i.e. enterprises previously not known or not supposed to perform R&D |
||||||||||||||||||
3.7. Reference area | ||||||||||||||||||
Not requested. R&D statistics cover national and regional data. The whole national territory. Main variables are disaggregated by region |
||||||||||||||||||
3.8. Coverage - Time | ||||||||||||||||||
Not requested. See point 3.4. The survey has been conducted since 2002 |
||||||||||||||||||
3.9. Base period | ||||||||||||||||||
Not requested. |
|
|||
Indicators are available according to 4 units of measure:
Whole number for number of enterprises or number of R&D personnel in headcount. Number with a decimal place for number of R&D personnel in full-time equivalent. Thousands of euros for all financial variables, i.e. Turnover or R&D expenditure. Percentage, the ratio between the selected combinations of indicators. |
|
|||
All questions and indicators refer to the calendar year |
|
||||||||||||||
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | ||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||
6.1.1. European legislation | ||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
6.1.2. National legislation | ||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
6.1.3. Standards and manuals | ||||||||||||||
- Frascati Manual 2015, Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development |
||||||||||||||
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | ||||||||||||||
Not requested. The exchanges of information needed to elaborate statistics between the INE and the rest of the State statistical offices (Ministerial Departments, independent bodies and administrative bodies depending on the State General Administration), or between these offices and the Autonomic statistical offices, are regulated in the LFEP (Law of the Public Statistic Function). This law also regulates the mechanisms of statistical coordination, and concludes cooperation agreements between the different offices when necessary |
|
|||
7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
Confidentiality, being one of the process quality components, concerns the privacy of data providers (households, enterprises, administrations and other respondents), the confidentiality of the information they provide and the extent of its use for statistical purposes. A property of data indicating the extent to which their unauthorised disclosure could be prejudicial or harmful to the interest of the source or other relevant parties.
a) Confidentiality protection required by law: In Spain, the main national legal regulations applicable to the protection of statistical data are:
b) Confidentiality commitments of survey staff: Survey staff must sign a legal contract, ensuring the acknowledge of the confidentiality issues and data protection law, and therefore they also have legal commitments. |
|||
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
R&D data deliveries to Eurostat are checked in order to avoid primary and secondary confidentiality. This is done by checking any cell with less than 3 population units, and properly modifying the table to avoid also secondary disclosure. |
|
|||
8.1. Release calendar | |||
The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year. |
|||
8.2. Release calendar access | |||
The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar) Annexes: Publications Calendar |
|||
8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice |
|
|||
It is disseminated yearly. |
|
||||||||||||||||
10.1. Dissemination format - News release | ||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||
10.1.1. Availability of the releases | ||||||||||||||||
1) Y - Yes, N – No |
||||||||||||||||
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | ||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||
10.2.1. Availability of means of dissemination | ||||||||||||||||
1) Y – Yes, N - No |
||||||||||||||||
10.3. Dissemination format - online database | ||||||||||||||||
Data availability since 1964 Results: Main results compiled into a single ZIP file “Statistics on R&D”: |
||||||||||||||||
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations | ||||||||||||||||
Not requested. |
||||||||||||||||
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | ||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||
10.4.1. Provisions affecting the access | ||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
10.5. Dissemination format - other | ||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations | ||||||||||||||||
Not requested. |
||||||||||||||||
10.5.2. Availability of other dissemination means | ||||||||||||||||
1) Y – Yes, N - No |
||||||||||||||||
10.6. Documentation on methodology | ||||||||||||||||
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate | ||||||||||||||||
Not requested. |
||||||||||||||||
10.7. Quality management - documentation | ||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||
10.7.1. Information and clarity | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|||
11.1. Quality assurance | |||
Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. |
|||
11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
- Use of multiple sources of data: DIRID and DIRCE - Actions for increasing the rate of response in surveys: - We use the helping approach: a strategy of specifically requesting help as a way to compel participation. - We try to conduct a well-designed, attractive survey in order to be easier to complete it. - The use of multiple contacts with members of the sample. We contact non-respondents using combination of messages and surveys. - Quality management in data processing: A check list of the different ways a data set is validated (internal consistency checks, non-zero values, number of records in is equal to number of records out) combined with responses with various outcomes (weak error and strong error) - Annual mandatory survey with high response rate. -Time series available, coherent with innovation data as both surveys are carried out coordinately. -Methodology of the survey in line with the Frascati Manual. -Full compliance of the Commission Regulation No 995/2012. -Overall quality of data deemed to be very good |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.1. Relevance - User Needs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.1.1. Needs at national level | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1) Users' class codification 1- Institutions: 2- Social actors: Employers’ associations, trade unions, lobbies, among others, at the European, national or regional level. 3- Media: International or regional media – specialized or for the general public – interested both in figures and analyses or comments. The media are the main channels of statistics to the general public. 4- Researchers and students (Researchers and students need statistics, analyses, ad hoc services, access to specific data.) 5- Enterprises or businesses (Either for their own market analysis, their marketing strategy (large enterprises) or because they offer consultancy services) 6- Other (User class defined for national purposes, different from the previous classes. ) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
To evaluate if users' needs have been satisfied, the best way is to use user satisfaction surveys. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.2.1. National Surveys and feedback | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.3. Completeness | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
not available |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.3.2. Completeness - overview | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Completeness is assessed via comparison of the data delivered against the requirements of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197.
Criteria: A) Obligatory data. Only 'Very Good' = 100%, Poor' >95%; 'Very Poor' <100% apply. B) Optional data. 'Very Good' = 100%; 'Good' = >75%; 'Satisfactory' 50 to 75%%; 'Poor' 25 to 50%; 'Very Poor' 0 to 25%. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.3.3. Data availability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.3.3.1. Data availability - R&D Expenditure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1) Y-start year, N – data not available |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.3.3.2. Data availability - R&D Personnel (HC) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1) Y-start year, N – data not available |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.3.3.3. Data availability - R&D Personnel (FTE) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1) Y-start year, N – data not available |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.3.3.4. Data availability - other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1) This question is optional. It refers to variables and breakdowns NOT asked by the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197 (neither as 'optional'), if R&D data for BES are collected for additional breakdowns or/and at more detailed level than requested. 2) Y-start year |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.1. Accuracy - overall | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accuracy in the statistical sense denotes the closeness of computations or estimates to the exact or true values. Statistics are not equal with the true values because of variability (the statistics change from implementation to implementation of the survey due to random effects) and bias (the average of the possible values of the statistics from implementation to implementation is not equal to the true value due to systematic effects).
Several types of statistical errors occur during the survey process. The following typology of errors has been adopted: 1. Sampling errors. These only affect sample surveys. They are due to the fact that only a subset of the population, usually randomly selected, is enumerated. 2. Non-sampling errors. Non-sampling errors affect sample surveys and complete enumerations alike and comprise: a) Coverage errors, b) Measurement errors, c) Non response errors and d) Processing errors.
Model assumption errors should be treated under the heading of the respective error they are trying to reduce. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.1.1. Accuracy - Overall by 'Types of Error' | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1) Ranking of the type(s) of errors that result in over/under-estimation, from the most important source of error (1) to the least important source of error (5). In the event that errors of a particular type do not exist, is used the sign ‘-‘. 2) The perceived direction of the ‘overall’ error using the signs “+” for over estimation, “-” for under estimation and “+/-” when assumption of the direction of the error cannot be made for R&D. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.1.2. Assessment of the accuracy with regard to the main indicators | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1) 'Very Good' = High level of coverage (annual rate of substitution in the target population lower than 5%). High average rates of response (>80%) in census and sample surveys (BES R&D). Full data consistency with reference to totals and relationships between variables in the dataset sent to Eurostat. 2) 'Good' = In the event that at least one out of the three criteria above described would not be fully met. 3) 'Satisfactory' = In the event that the average rate of response would be lower than 60% even by meeting the two remaining criteria. 4) 'Poor' = In the event that the average rate of response would be lower than 60% and at least one of the two remaining criteria would not be met. 5) 'Very Poor' = If all the three criteria are not met. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.2. Sampling error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
That part of the difference between a population value and an estimate thereof, derived from a random sample, which is due to the fact that only a subset of the population is enumerated. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The main indicator used to measure sampling errors is the coefficient of variation (CV). |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.2.1.1. Variance Estimation Method | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Statistics on R&D Activities are a census operation, so there are no sampling errors. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.2.1.2. Coefficient of variation for key variables by NACE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1) Industry sector (NACE Rev. 2: 01-03, 05-09, 10-33, 35, 36-39, 41-43) 2) Services sector (NACE Rev 2.: 45-47,49-53,55-56,58-63,64-66 68,69-75,77-82,84,85,86-88,90-93,94-96,97-98,99) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.2.1.3. Coefficient of variation for key variables by Size Class | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3. Non-sampling error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sampling errors occur in all phases of a survey. They add to the sampling errors (if present) and contribute to decreasing overall accuracy. It is important to assess their relative weight in the total error and devote appropriate resources for their control and assessment. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.1. Coverage error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Coverage errors (or frame errors) are due to divergences between the target population and the frame population. The frame population is the set of target population members that has a chance to be selected into the survey sample. It is a listing of all items in the population from which the sample is drawn that contains contact details as well as sufficient information to perform stratification and sampling.
a) Description/assessment of coverage errors: There are units that are misclassified in other sectors and units performing R&D not included in the DIRID.
b) Measures taken to reduce their effect: Legal units with less than 10 employees not included in the DIRID are not sampled. In order to minimize the possible undercovering, the ICT survey is used to detect microenterprises not included in the DIRID but performing R&D activities in the reference period.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Magnitude of error (%) = (Observed Value-True Value)/ True Value (%) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.1.1.1. Over-coverage rate - groups | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not requested. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.1.3. Frame misclassification rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Misclassification rate measures the percentage of enterprises that changed stratum between the time the frame was last updated and the time the survey was carried out. It is defined as the number of enterprises that changed stratum divided by the number of enterprises which belong to the stratum, according to the frame. The rate can be estimated based on the characteristics of the surveyed enterprises.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.2. Measurement error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Measurement errors occur during data collection and generate bias by recording values different than the true ones (e.g. difficulty to distinguish intramural from extramural R&D Expenditure). The survey questionnaire used for data collection may have led to the recording of wrong values, or there may be respondent or interviewer bias.
a) Description/assessment of measurement errors: R&D concepts are very complex, so measurement errors are usual.
b) Measures taken to reduce their effect: Survey inspectors are responsible for theoretical and practical training of the staff involved in field work, and for controlling work relating to the collection of information. To this purpose, manuals and training documents are available. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.3. Non response error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-response occurs when a survey failed to collect data on all survey variables from all the population units designated for data collection in a sample or complete enumeration. There are two elements of non-response: - Unit non-response, which occurs when no data (or so little as to be unusable) are collected on a designated population unit. - Item non-response, which occurs when data only on some, but not all survey variables are collected on a designated population unit. The extent of response (and accordingly of non response) is also measured with response rates. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The main interest is to judge if the response from the target population was satisfying by computing the weighted and un-weighted response rate. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.3.1.1. Unit non-response rates by Size Class | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Legal Units before consolidating as a statistical enterprise |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.3.1.2. Unit non-response rates by NACE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1) Industry (NACE Rev. 2: 01-03, 05-09,10-33,35,36-39,41-43) 2) Services (NACE Rev 2.: 45-47,49-53,55-56,58-63,64-66 68,69-75,77-82,84,85,86-88,90-93,94-96,97-98,99) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.3.1.3. Recalls/Reminders description | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
There are two written official reminders before the enterprise is fined, both for census or sample, as the completion of the survey is mandatory for all legal units. Nevertheless, the legal unit can be contacted by phone, fax or e-mail during the process of data collection. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.3.1.4. Unit non-response survey | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definition: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.3.2.1. Un-weighted item non-response rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Legal Units before consolidating as a statistical enterprise |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.3.3. Magnitude of errors due to non-response | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Legal Units before consolidating as a statistical enterprise |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.4. Processing error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Between data collection and the beginning of statistical analysis, data must undergo a certain processing: coding, data entry, data editing, imputation, etc. Errors introduced at these stages are called processing errors. Data editing identifies inconsistencies or errors in the data. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.4.1. Identification of the main processing errors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13.3.5. Model assumption error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not requested. |
|
|||||||||||||||
14.1. Timeliness | |||||||||||||||
Timeliness and punctuality refer to time and dates, but in a different manner: the timeliness of statistics reflects the length of time between their availability and the event or phenomenon they describe. Punctuality refers to the time lag between the release date of the data and the target date on which they should have been delivered, with reference to dates announced in the official release calendar. |
|||||||||||||||
14.1.1. Time lag - first result | |||||||||||||||
Time lag between the end of reference period and the release date of the results:
a) End of reference period: 31/12/2021 b) Date of first release of national data: 31/10/2022 c) Lag (days): 305 |
|||||||||||||||
14.1.2. Time lag - final result | |||||||||||||||
a) End of reference period: 31/12/2021 b) Date of first release of national data: 30/06/2022 c) Lag (days): 547 |
|||||||||||||||
14.2. Punctuality | |||||||||||||||
Punctuality refers to the time lag between the release date of data and the target date on which they were scheduled for release as announced officially. |
|||||||||||||||
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication | |||||||||||||||
Punctuality of time schedule of data release = (Actual date of the data release) - (Scheduled date of the data release). |
|||||||||||||||
14.2.1.1. Deadline and date of data transmission | |||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.1. Comparability - geographical | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not requested. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.1.2. General issues of comparability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No deviations from recommendations |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.1.3. Survey Concepts Issues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table lists a number of key survey concepts and conceptual issues; it gives reference to the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197 or Frascati manual and EBS Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics paragraphs with recommendations about these concepts / issues.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.1.4. Deviations from recommendations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table lists a number of key methodological issues, which may affect the international comparability of national R&D statistics. The table gives the references in the Frascati manual, where related recommendations are made. Countries are asked to report on the existence of any deviations from existing recommendations and comment upon.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.2. Comparability - over time | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.2.2. Breaks in time series | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1) Breaks years are years for which data are not fully comparable to the previous period. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.2.3. Collection of data in the even years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Even years for BES, the questionnaire is embedded in the “Encuesta sobre Innovacion en las Empresas” (CIS) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.3. Coherence - cross domain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This part deals with any national coherence assessments which may have been undertaken. It reports results for variables which are the same or relevant to R&D statistics, from other national surveys and / or administrative sources and explains and comments on their degree of agreement with R&D statistics. Intramural R & D expenditure (code 230101 in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197) and R & D personnel (code 230201) are surveyed also in foreign-controlled EU enterprises statistics (inward FATS). The Community innovation survey 2020 (CIS2020) (inn_cis12) (europa.eu) also collects the R&D expenditure of enterprises that form the coverage of the CIS2020 survey. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not requested. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
On the one hand, the classification used for R&D data collection activities is compatible with the SNA institutional classification, with the exception of the higher education sector, which is identified as a separate sector because of its prominence in R&D activities. On the other hand, R&D data in the SNA calculations allows, apart from translating R&D expenditure data into a SNA compatible format, computing R&D capital stock and its appropriate deflators. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.3.3. National Coherence Assessments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.3.4. Coherence – Foreign-controlled EU enterprises – inward FATS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data of R&D expenditure for Inward FATS is collected. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.4. Coherence - internal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.4.1. Comparison between preliminary and final data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This part compares key R&D variables as preliminary and final data.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.4.2. Consistency between R&D personnel and expenditure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Calculate the average remuneration (cost) of individuals belonging to the internal R&D personnel, excluding those who are only formally ‘employees’ (university students, grant holders, etc.). (2) Calculate the average remuneration (cost) of individuals belonging to the external R&D personnel (FTEs/other current R&D costs for external R&D personnel). |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
The assessment of costs associated with a statistical product is a rather complicated task since there must exist a mechanism for appointing portions of shared costs (for instance shared IT resources and dissemination channels) and overheads (office space, utility bills etc). The assessment must become detailed and clear enough so that international comparisons among agencies of different structures are feasible. |
|||||||||||||||||||||
16.1. Costs summary | |||||||||||||||||||||
1) The shares of the figures given in the first column that are accounted for by payments to private firms or other Government agencies. |
|||||||||||||||||||||
16.2. Components of burden and description of how these estimates were reached | |||||||||||||||||||||
1) T = the time required to provide the information, including time spent assembling information prior to completing a form or taking part in interview and the time taken up by any subsequent contacts after receipt of the questionnaire (‘Re-contact time’) |
|
|||
17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
Not requested. |
|||
17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
Not requested. |
|||
17.2.1. Data revision - average size | |||
Not requested. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.1. Source data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Several separate activities are used for the collection of raw data or pre-compiled administrative data and statistics related to R&D. For simplicity, we call them surveys irrespective of whether they are sample surveys, censuses, collections of administrative data/pre-compiled statistics. This section presents the names of the surveys by sector of performance as well as methodological information for each survey. Depending on the type of survey and sector of performance, only the sections corresponding to that survey and sector are filled in. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.1.1. Data source – general information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.1.2. Sample/census survey information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.1.3. Information on collection of administrative data or of pre-compiled statistics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.2. Frequency of data collection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See 12.3.3. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.3. Data collection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.3.1. Data collection overview | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.3.2. Questionnaire and other documents | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Annexes: R&D national questionnaire and explanatory notes in English R&D national questionnaire and explanatory notes in the national language Other relevant documentation of national methodology in English Other relevant documentation of national methodology in the national language |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.4. Data validation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The population coverage is basically based on the DIRID, whick is complemented with sampling. The responses rate are checked. Statistics are compared both over time and between regions. A micro and macro editing is performed in order to capture inconsistencies using CSPRO and SAS programs. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.5. Data compilation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See below. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.5.1. Imputation - rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Imputation is the method of creating plausible (but artificial) substitute values for all those missing. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.5.1.1. Imputation rate (un-weighted) (%) by Size class | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Legal Units before consolidating as a statistical enterprise |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.5.1.2. Imputation rate (un-weighted) (%) by NACE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1) Industry (NACE Rev. 2: 01-03, 05-09,10-33,35,36-39,41-43) 2) Services (NACE Rev 2.: 45-47, 49-53, 55-56, 58-63, 64-66 68, 69-75, 77-82, 84, 85, 86-88, 90-93, 94-96, 97-98, 99) Legal Units before consolidating as a statistical enterprise |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.5.2. Data compilation methods | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.5.3. Measurement issues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.5.4. Weighting and estimation methods | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Annexes: calculation of weight factors |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.6. Adjustment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not requested. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not requested. |
|
|||
|
|||
|
|||