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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Statistics Norway |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Division for business cycle statistics |
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1.5. Contact mail address | Statistisk sentralbyrå Postboks 2633 St. Hanshaugen NO-0131 Oslo |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 18/07/2022 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 15/06/2022 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 15/06/2022 |
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3.1. Data description | |||
European statistics on electricity prices for household and final non-household customers. |
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3.2. Classification system | |||
Internal Eurostat classification system based on annual electricity consumption bands and tax levels. |
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3.3. Coverage - sector | |||
Household sector and final non-household sector (industry, services, offices, agriculture, etc). |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
The prices are reported in national currencies per kWh and according to different bands of consumption. For the household sector, these bands are:
For the final non-household sector, the bands are:
There exist 2 different levels of disagregation for semestrial and annual prices: 1- Semestrial prices: These prices are reported twice a year and are divided in 3 levels:
2- Annual prices: These prices are reported once a year together with the data for the second semester and are divided into the following components and taxes:
In addition to these elements, the network cost is split into the respective shares of transmission and distribution. The relative share of consumption in the different consumption bands is reported by the countries and used to calculate the single national electricity prices (weighted averages for consumer bands IA-IF and DA-DE) but not published because it could be used to re-calculate some confidential values. Taxes consist of a tax on consumption of electricity, value added tax (which is the only refundable tax) and subsidies to Enova (a tax used for promotion of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency.). The value added tax on electricity is fully refundable by non-household consumers. In all counties in Norway households have the same tax rate for the consumption of electricity, apart from some parts of Troms and the whole of Finnmark, which are exempt. The Enova tax is the same for all households throughout the country. VAT is added after electricity price, grid rent and other taxes have been added togheter. Households in Nordland, Troms and Finnmark are exempt from VAT. For companies in Norway there are two levels of tax on consumption of electricity. A normal tax, which is paid by most companies, and reduced taxed that are paid by manufacturing companies and few other consumer groups. We use a modelling approach to calculate the average of this tax. To help households against the high electricity prices, the governments in Norway introduced a temporary support scheme (subsidy scheme) from December 2021 and onwards. Where all households receives support per kWh it used in months where the electricity price is above a certain threshold value. This support is paid to household consumers by lowering their electricity bill. The Support scheme is reporter as a negative value in the category “all other taxes, fees, levies and charges”. It will affect the reference period 2021 and onwards as long as the scheme is active. |
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3.5. Statistical unit | |||
Household and final non-household consumers divided into consumption bands. |
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3.6. Statistical population | |||
Household customers: Data coming from 40 out of 170 suppliers and representing about 60 % ofthe volume of the household customers. Final non-household customers: Data coming from 40 out of 180 suppliers and representing 60 % of the volume of final non-household customers. |
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3.7. Reference area | |||
The whole country. |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | |||
Electricity prices data for Norway are available since 1998. |
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3.9. Base period | |||
Not applicable. |
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Prices are reported in national currency per kWh. However, Eurostat also calculates and publishes the prices in EURO and PPS (purchasing power parity). |
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For semestrial prices, the reference periods are from January to June for semester 1 and from July to December for semester 2. For annual prices, the reference period is the whole calendar year (from January to December). |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
At EU level:
At national level: |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
At EU level:
At national level:
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
At EU level:
At national level:
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
Published data should not allow identification of single consumers. When Statistics Norway publishes statistics, we ensure that no information about identifiable natural or legal persons (usually economic entities) can be revealed using the statistics. To this end, we suppress/hide table cells that are based on just a small number of observations, for example fewer than 3. Suppressed values are replaced with a symbol denoting that figures cannot be given: «:». |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
The release of the statistics is published in the statistics release calendar. The calendar shows forthcoming publishing dates of the statistics, articles, publications and journals, as well as upcoming events. The calendar is updated continuously. Statistics are released at precisely 8 am every working day. Statistics are entered in the calendar at least three months before their release date. The date of the next release is also given on the relevant statistics’ web page. For most monthly statistics and some quarterly statistics, the release date is available much further in advance. The calendar is publicly accessible so as to treat all users equally. |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
The statistics release calendar is used to show that Statistics Norway is predictable and professionally independent, and that it treats all users equally. The calendar shows forthcoming publishing dates of statistics, articles, publications and journals, as well as upcoming events. The calendar is updated continuously. Statistics are released at precisely 8 am every working day. Publications of statistics are entered in the calendar at least three months before their release date. The date of the next release is also given on the relevant statistics’ web page. For most monthly statistics and some quarterly statistics, the release date is available much further in advance. Other products, such as publications and articles, must also be notified in good time, and no later than the day before publishing. |
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Electricity prices in Norway are published on a semestrial basis on Eurostat's website. Electricity price data is also published in the national statistics at a quarterly frequency. For more information about the national electricity price statistics please see: https://www.ssb.no/en/energi-og-industri/statistikker/elkraftpris. |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
Every quarter there is a national press release related to the publication of new data. The press release can be found on this web page: https://www.ssb.no/en/energi-og-industri/energi/statistikk/elektrisitetspriser . |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
The national publication related to the data can be found here https://www.ssb.no/en/energi-og-industri/energi/statistikk/elektrisitetspriser. |
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
The national database related to the data (called the Statbank) can be found here: https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/list/elkraftpris |
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10.3.1. Data tables - consultations | |||
In the year 2021 the national databases had 28 413 consultations. |
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Statistics Norway provides microdata for research projects. If you are a researcher at an approved research institution you can apply for access to data for a research project. If your institution is not on the list of approved research institutions, the institution must apply for approval to personvernombudet@ssb.no. If you are not associated with an approved research institution, you can also apply for access to data from Statistics Norway if your research institution is conducting a specific project that is either financed by The Research Council of Norway or other national or international research program, or on behalf of a public body that uses the Standard agreement for research and report assignments (the research agreement). Transfer of personal data outside the country’s borders is not allowed according to the statistics act. This means that any researcher or institution that wishes to apply for microdata will only ever be granted access to completely anonymous data. Due to the difficulty of anonymizing data in such a small country as Norway, this will rarely be feasible. An alternative is to gain access to a Norwegian research project and be given access at the Norwegian Institution in connection with such a project. This requires that the participating members be pre-submitted to Statistics Norway and that the formal requirements are fulfilled. |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
There are not other ways for disseminating the data that is not covered by the previous sections. |
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10.5.1. Metadata - consultations | |||
Due to the design of the web page it is not possible to find out if somone has looked at the metadata part of the web page or if that person visited the main page of the electricity price statistics. The main page of the electricity price statistics had 79 510 in 2021, but we can not tell the share of the consultations that also looked at the metadata part of the web page. |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
Metadata related to the quarterly electricity price statistics can be found on the webpage under the title "About the statistics". There you can find information about definitions, background, administrative information and so on. |
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10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate | |||
100% |
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
Document describing quality work in Statistics Norway: Quality work in Statistics Norway - SSB European Statistics Code of Practice: European Statistics Code of Practice - Quality - Eurostat (europa.eu) |
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
In Norway, the European Statistics Code of Practice (CoP) constitute the cornerstone of a common framework for quality in the statistics and we use different tools like quality indicators, quality reports, self-assessments and compliance monitoring as part of the internal montoring of quality in Statistics Norway. Also Statistics Norway use systematic review of quality in statistics and production processes as a tool for quality assurance. |
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
The quarterly electricity price statisics cover a large part of the end-user consumption of electricity and the response rate is very high. The estimates from the quarterly statistics on prices and volumes correspond well with (the final) annual electricity statistics which is published about 9 months later and covers the whole population. This statistics is based on register data. The different tools mentioned in point 11.1 (like quality indicators, quality reports, self-assessments and compliance monitoring as part of the internal montoring of quality and systematic review of quality in statistics and production processes) are relevant for Quality assessments. |
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
Statistics Norway regularly holds meetings with the Advisory committee for electricity statistics which include participants from different user groups like analyses institutions, branch organisations and different public authorities to follow. In these meetings views and opinions of the users on the energy statistics are collected and the advisory Committee provides important feedback on how we can improve statistics in the energy domain including electricity price statistics. The electricity price statistics are used by the public authorities to follow the development in the market for electric energy. Different analyses institutions and branch organisations also use the statistics and some electricity suppliers use the statistics for prices of electric energy when they set their own prices. |
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
In meetings with the Advisory committee for electricity statististics, which include participants from different user groups like analyses institutions, we get some feedback on user satisfication. In addition the users have the opportunity to send in coments to the statistics via the contact information on the web page of Statistics Norway. |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
Norway is able to provide all the data requested by Eurostat. |
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12.3.1. Data completeness - rate | |||
100% |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
Collection errors may occur in the data due to oblivion, misunderstandings, etc. Processing errors may occur in the exercise of the quality controls. Misunderstandings of the variables and valuations by the units in the samlple may lead to uncertainty in the figures from the survey. The prices are supposed to be reported without public taxes. If the respondents don't see this information they might report too high price. Also they might report a too low price if they do not include possible fixed part of the price. Most often this type of mistakes will be identified in the editing phase by the person responsible for the statistical production and the errors will be corrected. The figures are not revised after the release of the statistics except if large errors are discovered. |
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13.2. Sampling error | |||
Missing questionnaires are imputated by using the average value for that contract type. The response rate is about 98 per cent. Probability sampling is not used. |
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13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators | |||
We do not have estimates on the random variation of an estimator due to sampling. |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
Information is included in the sub-concepts S.13.3.1-S.13.3.5. |
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13.3.1. Coverage error | |||
We do not have information about any divergence between the frame and target population. |
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13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate | |||
We do not have information estimates of an over-coverage rate. |
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13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion | |||
No administrative sources are used, 100 per cent of the data is covered by the survey. |
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13.3.2. Measurement error | |||
There might be errors in reading, calculating or recording numerical value. In the editing phase of the statistical production many errors will be identified and corrected. Data on prices and volumes are compared to earlier periods and other price data. Outliers and extreme values are also identified and corrected in the editing phase. |
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13.3.3. Non response error | |||
The non-response rate is low (about 2 per cent). We do not believe there are large biases due to non-response in the survey. When we compare the price-estimates from the quarterly electricity price statistics with the estimates from the yearly electricity price statistics (which covers the whole population and collected from a different data sources) there are no large differences. When there is a non-response, we impute average values at the estimation stage. |
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13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate | |||
The non-response rate is about 2 %. |
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13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate | |||
We do not have this information. |
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13.3.4. Processing error | |||
Processing errors may occur when Statistics Norway process the data. Typical examples are misinterpretations, or when correct answers are assumed to be false and corrected. Electronic data collection through Altinn (Web-portal) has reduced these kinds of errors. |
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13.3.5. Model assumption error | |||
Not Applicable. |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
Electricity providers that participate in the national data collection are requested to provide the electricity price data within three weeks after the reference period. After arrival, the statistical office checks the micro-data for correctness, consistency and completeness and national averages are calculated and reported to Eurostat during the third month after the reference period. |
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14.1.1. Time lag - first result | |||
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2019 was sent 87 days after the reference period. The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2019 was sent 90 days after the reference period. The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2020 was sent 69 days after the reference period. The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2020 was sent 85 days after the reference period. The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2021 was sent 57 days after the reference period. The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2021 was sent 77 days after the reference period. The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2019 was sent 87 days after the reference period. The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2019 was sent 90 days after the reference period. The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2020 was sent 69 days after the reference period. The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2020 was sent 85 days after the reference period. The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2021 was sent 57 days after the reference period. The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2021 was sent 77 days after the reference period. |
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14.1.2. Time lag - final result | |||
About 55 days after the reference period. |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
The legal deadline for submitting the questionnaires is the third month after the reference period. All questioners have been submitted before deadline. |
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14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication | |||
All questionnaires have been submitted on time. |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
Electricity use in households is very high in Norway compared to many European countries (average household consumption about 16 000 kWh annually). This implies that a very high proportion of the consumption fall into the highest consumption bands (D and E). It is important to keep that in mind when comparing electricity prices for a specific consumption band across countries with different household consumption distributions. |
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15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient | |||
Not applicable. |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | |||
There have been no changes the statistic is comparable over time. |
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15.2.1. Length of comparable time series | |||
1998. |
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||
Not applicable. |
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15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics | |||
Not applicable. |
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15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts | |||
Not applicable. |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | |||
Annual prices is coherent with the semestrial prices. |
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The statistical data on electricity prices for non-household customers is collected as an annex to the quarterly electricity price survey in Norway (about 40 electrical suppliers which on average use 1 hour to complete the whole survey). This implies that there is some extra response burden for these businesses. Data sought from businesses is readily available from their accounts and an electronic portal (Altinn) is used to facilitate data collection. For data on household prices we use information already collected from other sources and some estimations. |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
The figures are only revised after the release of the statistics if large errors are discovered. If large errors are discovered, we correct the relevant disseminated data. |
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
The figures are not revised after the release of the statistics except if large errors are discover. |
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17.2.1. Data revision - average size | |||
There was no revision performed for 2019-2021 data. Household electricty prices collection: 0 Non-household electricity prices collection: 0 |
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18.1. Source data | |||
The statistics are made from information from a sample of about 40 electricity suppliers in the wholesale market and 45 electricity suppliers in the end-user market. The sample is made to cover as good as possible both large and small electricity plants, different geographical areas, and different consumer groups the electricity plants sell electricity too. |
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | |||
Quarterly. |
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18.3. Data collection | |||
The survey is based on electronic questionnaires (on-line survey) collected via our web portal Altinn. The questionnaire is designed by survey-methodologists using best practice to ensure that the respondents understand the questions and report correct data and only receive the questions relevant for that respondent. Quantities sold and average prices are collected for different types of contracts and consumer groups. Weighted average prices and measures of dispersion are made from this. |
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18.4. Data validation | |||
Maximum and minimum values are controlled and values are checked against other data from the data collection. To some extent the figures are also compared with previous reported data for each of the electricity plants. Decimal- and thousand separators and denomination are controlled thoroughly. The prices are compared with the spot prices of electricity at the nordic power exchange Nord Pool. Reported quantities are on regular intervals compared with reported quantities in the yearly electricity statistics and the statistics for Energy use in the manufacturing sector. |
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18.5. Data compilation | |||
Quantities of electricity sold to end consumers and the average prices are collected for different types of contracts and consumer groups. Weighted average prices and measures of dispersion are made from this. |
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18.5.1. Imputation - rate | |||
It is a very low number of imputation. In most quarters we have no imputations at all. |
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18.6. Adjustment | |||
Not applicable. |
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18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment | |||
Seasonable adjustments are not carried out. |
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