Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
European Commission - Eurostat Unit ESTAT.E.5: Energy L-2920 Luxembourg
1.6. Contact email address
Restricted from publication
1.7. Contact phone number
Restricted from publication
1.8. Contact fax number
Restricted from publication
2.1. Metadata last certified
29 January 2024
2.2. Metadata last posted
29 January 2024
2.3. Metadata last update
29 January 2024
Energy self-reliance is an indicator that is looking at the amount of energy produced domestically in a given year and given country. It is a complements to the more traditional import dependency indicator that looks on how much energy was imported.
It looks on the share of domestic supply (production and recovered/recycled products) with respect to overall energy supply at the level of the top block of energy balances (i.e. aiming on the level of primary products and derived products imports; abstracting from energy convernsions/transformations and exports).
The limitation of this indicators is mostly with respect to energy substitutability, for example solid fossil fuels are not very suitable fuel for road vehicles and aviation; electricity cannot replace bitumen as construction material. Thus the overall economy needs have to be seen also from the persepctive of energy mix.
4.1. Data description
Energy self-reliance is calculated using the following ratio:
numerator: primary production + recovered & recycled products
Resulting calculations are expressed as percentage and rounded to 2 decimal places.
Energy data are from Eurostat's dataset nrg_bal_s.
While this indicator could be in principle calculated for any fuel group, it is the most meaningful for the “Total of all fuels” which is shown in the database.
4.2. Unit of measure
[PC] Percentage
This indicator can have values between 0% and 100% only.
4.3. Reference Period
The calendar year (January - December)
4.4. Accuracy - overall
The indicator is produced according to the high-level quality standards of European Statistical System. While indirect indicators suggest overall accuracy of energy balance should be in general high, quantitative assessment of accuracy was not performed by Eurostat. Please see Related metadata for details on accuracy of the source datasets used to calculate this indicator.
4.5. Source data
4.5.1. Source data - Organisation
European Commission - Eurostat
4.5.2. Source data - Comment
Please see Related metadata for specific information on source data used to calculate this indicator.
5.1. Frequency of dissemination
5.1.1. Frequency of dissemination - Grade
Every year
5.1.2. Frequency of dissemination - Comment
Revisions several time per year are possible.
5.2. Timeliness
5.2.1. Timeliness - Grade
T+2 years
5.2.2. Timeliness - Comment
6.1. Reference area
6.1.1. Reference Area - Grade
All EU MS
6.1.2. Reference Area - Comment
Data are presented for all EU Member States
6.2. Comparability - geographical
6.2.1. Comparability - geographical - Grade
All EU MS
6.2.2. Comparability - geographical - Comment
Data are comparable between all EU Member States and between other presented countries.
6.3. Coverage - Time
6.3.1. Time Coverage - Grade
> 10 years
6.3.2. Time Coverage - Comment
All EU Member States have long time series
6.4. Comparability - over time
6.4.1. Comparability - over time - Grade
> 4 data points
6.4.2. Comparability - over time - Comment
Comparability over time is ensured with a solid methodology harmonised on international level that is stable over long periods. Occasional breaks in time series are present due to the developments of statistical systems on national level and the level of detailed information (micro data) available at national level.
In general comparability is very high in last 10 years and for older periods slowly decreasing. In addition, introduction of new statistical information in the most recent data collections can lead to breaks in series until information is compiled and provided by reporting countries.
Information not available. Redissemination of this indicator is not monitored.
No flags are used in this indicator, please refer to source datasets for all specificities and particularities. This dataset is not dynamicaly linked to source data and consequently data revisions are not immediately applied.
Resulting calculations are expressed as percentage and rounded to 2 decimal places.
Energy data are from Eurostat's dataset nrg_bal_s.
While this indicator could be in principle calculated for any fuel group, it is the most meaningful for the “Total of all fuels” which is shown in the database.
29 January 2024
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
The calendar year (January - December)
The indicator is produced according to the high-level quality standards of European Statistical System. While indirect indicators suggest overall accuracy of energy balance should be in general high, quantitative assessment of accuracy was not performed by Eurostat. Please see Related metadata for details on accuracy of the source datasets used to calculate this indicator.
[PC] Percentage
This indicator can have values between 0% and 100% only.
