Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
European Commission - Eurostat Unit ESTAT.E.5: Energy L-2920 Luxembourg
1.6. Contact email address
Restricted from publication
1.7. Contact phone number
Restricted from publication
1.8. Contact fax number
Restricted from publication
26 January 2023
2.1. Metadata last certified
29 January 2024
2.2. Metadata last posted
29 January 2024
2.3. Metadata last update
29 January 2024
Energy intensity is one of the indicagtors to measure the energy needs of an economy. It is often used as an approximation of energy efficiency. Many factors influence energy intensity, for example it reflects on structure of the economy and its cycle, general standards of living and weather conditions in the reference area. This indicator can be used in monitoring of several strategies and programs.
4.1. Data description
Energy intensity is calculated as units of energy per unit of GDP. Indicator expressed in chain linked volumes is more suitable to be used to compare different time periods in one country, while PPS values are more suitable to be used to compare across countries in one specific year.
Energy data are from Eurostat's dataset nrg_bal_s and GDP data are from Eurostat's dataset nama_10_gdp.
Energy per GDP = 1000 * KTOE / CLV10_MEUR (Chain linked volumes, index 2010=100) Energy per GDPPPS = 1000* KTOE / CP_MPPS (Current prices, million purchasing power standards)
Resulting calculations are rounded to 2 decimal places.
4.2. Unit of measure
KGOE_TEUR_PPS: Kilograms of oil equivalent (KGOE) per thousand euro in purchasing power standards (PPS)
EI_GDP_PPS: Energy intensity of GDP in purchasing power standards (PPS)
KGOE_TEUR: Kilograms of oil equivalent (KGOE) per thousand euro
EI_GDP_CLV05: Energy intensity of GDP in chain linked volumes (2005)
EI_GDP_CLV10: Energy intensity of GDP in chain linked volumes (2010)
EI_GDP_CLV15: Energy intensity of GDP in chain linked volumes (2015)
4.3. Reference Period
The calendar year (January - December)
4.4. Accuracy - overall
The indicator is produced according to the high-level quality standards of European Statistical System. While indirect indicators suggest overall accuracy of energy balance should be in general high, quantitative assessment of accuracy was not performed by Eurostat. Please see Related metadata for details on accuracy of the source datasets used to calculate this indicator.
4.5. Source data
4.5.1. Source data - Organisation
European Commission - Eurostat
4.5.2. Source data - Comment
Please see Related metadata for specific information on source data used to calculate this indicator.
5.1. Frequency of dissemination
5.1.1. Frequency of dissemination - Grade
Every year
5.1.2. Frequency of dissemination - Comment
Revisions several time per year are possible.
5.2. Timeliness
5.2.1. Timeliness - Grade
T+2 years
5.2.2. Timeliness - Comment
6.1. Reference area
6.1.1. Reference Area - Grade
All EU MS
6.1.2. Reference Area - Comment
Data are presented for all EU Member States and several non-EU countries.
6.2. Comparability - geographical
6.2.1. Comparability - geographical - Grade
All EU MS
6.2.2. Comparability - geographical - Comment
Data are comparable between all EU Member States and between other presented countries.
6.3. Coverage - Time
6.3.1. Time Coverage - Grade
> 10 years
6.3.2. Time Coverage - Comment
All EU Member States have long time series; for some non-EU countries time series are shorter.
6.4. Comparability - over time
6.4.1. Comparability - over time - Grade
> 4 data points
6.4.2. Comparability - over time - Comment
Comparability over time is ensured with a solid methodology harmonised on international level that is stable over long periods. Occasional breaks in time series are present due to the developments of statistical systems on national level and the level of detailed information (micro data) available at national level.
In general comparability is very high in last 10 years and for older periods slowly decreasing. In addition, introduction of new statistical information in the most recent data collections can lead to breaks in series until information is compiled and provided by reporting countries.
Information not available. Redissemination of this indicator is not monitored.
No flags are used in this indicator, please refer to source datasets for all specificities and particularities. This dataset is not dynamicaly linked to source data and consequently data revisions are not immediately applied.
Energy intensity is calculated as units of energy per unit of GDP. Indicator expressed in chain linked volumes is more suitable to be used to compare different time periods in one country, while PPS values are more suitable to be used to compare across countries in one specific year.
Energy data are from Eurostat's dataset nrg_bal_s and GDP data are from Eurostat's dataset nama_10_gdp.
Energy per GDP = 1000 * KTOE / CLV10_MEUR (Chain linked volumes, index 2010=100) Energy per GDPPPS = 1000* KTOE / CP_MPPS (Current prices, million purchasing power standards)
Resulting calculations are rounded to 2 decimal places.
29 January 2024
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
The calendar year (January - December)
The indicator is produced according to the high-level quality standards of European Statistical System. While indirect indicators suggest overall accuracy of energy balance should be in general high, quantitative assessment of accuracy was not performed by Eurostat. Please see Related metadata for details on accuracy of the source datasets used to calculate this indicator.
KGOE_TEUR_PPS: Kilograms of oil equivalent (KGOE) per thousand euro in purchasing power standards (PPS)
EI_GDP_PPS: Energy intensity of GDP in purchasing power standards (PPS)
KGOE_TEUR: Kilograms of oil equivalent (KGOE) per thousand euro
EI_GDP_CLV05: Energy intensity of GDP in chain linked volumes (2005)
EI_GDP_CLV10: Energy intensity of GDP in chain linked volumes (2010)
EI_GDP_CLV15: Energy intensity of GDP in chain linked volumes (2015)
