1.1. Contact organisation
Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union
1.2. Contact organisation unit
F2: Population and migration
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
2920 Luxembourg LUXEMBOURG
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
6 November 2025
2.2. Metadata last posted
6 November 2025
2.3. Metadata last update
6 November 2025
Since 24 February 2022, Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine has created a situation of mass arrivals of displaced people from Ukraine unable to return to their homes. Eurostat invited Member States and EFTA countries on a voluntary basis to transmit monthly data within one month following the end of reference period and for the first time by the end of April for the reference month March 2022 for the following data series within the framework of Eurostat data collections in the field of Asylum and international protection (Article 4 of the Regulation (EC) No 862/2007):
- Decisions during the reference period granting temporary protection status by age, sex, citizenship and status of minors (flow data).
- Beneficiaries of temporary protection at the end of the month by citizenship, age, sex and status of minors (stock data).
In addition to those statistics in absolute terms, temporary protection indicators provide a measurement relative to the population in each EU and EFTA countries of the monthly number of persons under temporary protection or having been granted with temporary protection status. Those indicators enable the geographical comparison in relative terms of the development of stocks of beneficiaries from temporary protection and of the number of decisions granting temporary protection per thousand persons in the EU and EFTA countries.
Users of Eurostat asylum and temporary protection statistics are:
- various policy DGs in the European Commission, like DG Migration and Home Affairs for designing, funding and implementing asylum related policies in the EU,
- European Parliament,
- national authorities (Ministries of Interior, Ministries of Justice, immigration agencies) who use Asylum data to monitor or project the development of their national asylum procedures,
- European Migration Network (EMN) which uses the Asylum data as a basis for its annual EU and national level statistical and analytical reports,
- researchers and students conducting analysis and research in the field of asylum, journalists and international organisations in the area of asylum and migration.
4.1. Data description
Two monthly temporary protection indicators are available:
- Beneficiaries from temporary protection by citizenship - per thousand persons
R_TP_BEN_POPt, c = 1 000 TP_BENt, c / POPt
With TP_BEN t, c being the number of beneficiaries from temporary protection at the end of period t with citizenship c, and POPt the residing population on 1 January of year t. Available citizenships are Total, Extra EU-27 and Ukrainian.
- Decisions granting temporary protection by citizenship - per thousand persons.
R_TP_DEC_POPt, c = 1 000 TP_DECt, c / POPt
With TP_DEC t, c being the number of decisions granting temporary protection during period t to persons with citizenship c, and POPt the residing population on 1 January of year t. Available citizenships are Total, Extra EU-27 and Ukrainian.
If population data on 1 January of year t is not yet available when calculating the indicators, population data on 1 January of previous year is used in the denominator. Once population data on 1 January of year t becomes available, indicators calculated with population on 1 January of previous year are retrospectively recalculated using population data of year t. Generally, population data on 1 January of year t are available in around July of year t.
Temporary protection indicators are available for EU-27, EU and EFTA countries.
4.2. Unit of measure
Per thousand persons
4.3. Reference Period
Month
4.4. Accuracy - overall
French data generally does not include minors leading to an underestimation of the flows and the stocks.
The Netherlands: data on the number of persons under temporary protection at the end of the month until December 2022 include some persons whose temporary protection status was no longer valid and are not comparable with following months.
Bulgaria: data on the number of persons under temporary protection at the end of the month until January 2024 include some persons whose temporary protection status was no longer valid and are not comparable with following months.
Greece, Spain, Cyprus, Finland and Iceland: data on the number of persons under temporary protection at the end of the month include some persons whose temporary protection status was no longer valid.
EU aggregates might be overestimated because of possible double counting when a person under temporary protection or having been granted with temporary protection status is counted in more than one country during the same reference period.
4.5. Source data
4.5.1. Source data - Organisation
Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat), based on data reported by the countries.
4.5.2. Source data - Comment
- Population statistics (demo_gind)
- Temporary protection statistics (migr_asytpsm, migr_asytpfm)
5.1. Frequency of dissemination
5.1.1. Frequency of dissemination - Grade
Not Applicable5.1.2. Frequency of dissemination - Comment
Every month
The indicator is updated on a monthly basis simultaneously with the publication of the News article and Statistics Explained on temporary protection. Complete and updated ESS data release information can be accessed via Eurostat release calendar.
5.2. Timeliness
5.2.1. Timeliness - Grade
Not Applicable5.2.2. Timeliness - Comment
New data points are disseminated within about 10 days after the end of reference month.
6.1. Reference area
Data are presented for EU-27 and all EU and EFTA countries.
6.1.1. Reference Area - Grade
All EU MS6.1.2. Reference Area - Comment
Data are presented for EU-27 and all EU and EFTA countries.
6.2. Comparability - geographical
6.2.1. Comparability - geographical - Grade
> 75% EU MS6.2.2. Comparability - geographical - Comment
Comparability between EU and EFTA countries might depend on the way harmonised EU methodology is applied in the countries.
France does not generally include minors in their temporary protection statistics.
The Netherlands: data on the number of persons under temporary protection at the end of the month until December 2022 include some persons whose temporary protection status was no longer valid and are not comparable with other Member States during this period.
Bulgaria: data on the number of persons under temporary protection at the end of the month until January 2024 include some persons whose temporary protection status was no longer valid and are not comparable with other Member States during this period.
Germany: data on the number of persons under temporary protection at the end of the month until June 2024 include some persons whose temporary protection status was no longer valid and are not comparable with following months.
Italy: data on the number of persons under temporary protection at the end of the month until May 2025 include some persons whose temporary protection status was no longer valid and are not comparable with following months.
Greece, Spain, Cyprus, Finland and Iceland: data on the number of persons under temporary protection at the end of the month include some persons whose temporary protection status was no longer valid.
6.3. Coverage - Time
From March 2022 onwards
6.3.1. Time Coverage - Grade
< 5 years6.3.2. Time Coverage - Comment
From March 2022 onwards
6.4. Comparability - over time
Methodology applied from March 2022 onwards did not change and shall ensure comparability over time.
The Netherlands: data on the number of persons under temporary protection at the end of the month until December 2022 include some persons whose temporary protection status was no longer valid and are not comparable with following months.
Bulgaria: data on the number of persons under temporary protection at the end of the month until January 2024 include some persons whose temporary protection status was no longer valid and are not comparable with following months.
Germany: data on the number of persons under temporary protection at the end of the month until June 2024 include some persons whose temporary protection status was no longer valid and are not comparable with following months.
Italy: data on the number of persons under temporary protection at the end of the month until May 2025 include some persons whose temporary protection status was no longer valid and are not comparable with following months.
EU 27: break in time series in January 2023, February 2024, July 2024 and June 2025.
6.4.1. Comparability - over time - Grade
> 4 data points6.4.2. Comparability - over time - Comment
Methodology applied from March 2022 onwards did not change and shall ensure comparability over time.
The Netherlands: data on the number of persons under temporary protection at the end of the month until December 2022 include some persons whose temporary protection status was no longer valid and are not comparable with following months.
Bulgaria: data on the number of persons under temporary protection at the end of the month until January 2024 include some persons whose temporary protection status was no longer valid and are not comparable with following months.
Germany: data on the number of persons under temporary protection at the end of the month until June 2024 include some persons whose temporary protection status was no longer valid and are not comparable with following months.
Italy: data on the number of persons under temporary protection at the end of the month until May 2025 include some persons whose temporary protection status was no longer valid and are not comparable with following months.
EU 27: break in time series in January 2023, February 2024, July 2024 and June 2025.
7.1. Dissemination format - Publications
Temporary protection indicators are used in regular publications (News articles and statistics explained on non-EU citizens under temporary protection).
7.2. Dissemination format - online database
Temporary protection indicators are used in Eurostat interactive publication Migration and asylum in Europe
7.3. Dissemination format - other
Temporary protection indicators are online on the Eurostat website in the folder Temporary protection indicators (migr_asytpind).
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