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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Institute for Employment Research (IAB) of the Federal Employment Agency |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Department "Labour Market Processes and Institutions" Institute for Employment Research (IAB) of the Federal Employment Agency |
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1.5. Contact mail address | Institute for Employment Research (IAB) Regensburger Strasse 100 |
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2.1. Data description | |||
Job vacancy statistics (JVS) provide information on the level and structure of labour demand. The country transmits to Eurostat the quarterly data on the number of job vacancies and the number of occupied posts as well as provides the quality report under the JVS framework regulation and the two implementing regulations: the implementing regulation on the definition of a job vacancy, the reference dates for data collection, data transmission specifications and feasibility studies, as well as the implementing regulation on seasonal adjustment procedures and quality reports. |
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2.2. Classification system | |||
The quarterly data are broken down by economic activity (at section level) in accordance with NACE Rev. 2 - Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community. |
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2.3. Coverage - sector | |||
All economic activities defined by NACE Rev. 2, except the activities of households as employers and the activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies. |
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2.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
A 'job vacancy' is defined as a paid post that is newly created, unoccupied, or about to become vacant: (a) for which the employer is taking active steps and is prepared to take further steps to find a suitable candidate from outside the enterprise concerned; and (b) which the employer intends to fill either immediately or within a specific period of time.
‘Active steps to find a suitable candidate’ include: - notifying the job vacancy to the public employment services, - contacting a private employment agency/head hunters, - advertising the vacancy in the media (for example internet, newspapers, magazines), - advertising the vacancy on a public notice board, - approaching, interviewing or selecting possible candidates/potential recruits directly, - approaching employees and/or personal contacts, - using internships.
'Specific period of time’ refers to the maximum time the vacancy is open and intended to be filled. That period shall be unlimited; all vacancies for which active steps are continuing on the reference date shall be reported. An 'occupied post’ means a paid post within the organisation to which an employee has been assigned. |
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2.5. Statistical unit | |||
Local unit |
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2.6. Statistical population | |||
All establishments with at least one or more employees |
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2.7. Reference area | |||
All establishments located in the territory of Germany |
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2.8. Coverage - Time | |||
Quarterly data from 2010Q4 onwards |
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2.9. Base period | |||
Not applicable |
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3.1. Source data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Annexes: Table 1 - Sampling ratio by NACE Rev. 2 and size of local units (4th quarter 2022) Table 2 - Gross and net sampling structure, response rate by NACE Rev. 2 (4th quarter 2022) Table 3 - Gross and net sampling structure, response rate by NACE Rev. 2 (1st quarter 2022) Table 4 - Gross and net sampling structure, response rate by NACE Rev. 2 (2nd quarter 2022) Table 5 - Gross and net sampling structure, response rate by NACE Rev. 2 (3rd quarter 2022) |
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3.2. Frequency of data collection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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3.3. Data collection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Annexes: Table 6 - Participation in the four surveys IV-2021-III-2022 |
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3.4. Data validation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Optional |
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3.5. Data compilation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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3.6. Adjustment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-response adjustment Initially, in the written survey (in each fourth quarter), a non-response estimation is made with the added auxiliary variables based on register data. An adjustment weight is calculated for the non-response behaviour. The auxiliary variables (vectors) originate from the Federal Employment Agency's administrative data (cf. Section 4.3). The affiliation to an economic sector and the affiliation to an establishment size class are included in the estimation in addition to the added average daily wage and the average age of staff. A binary choice model (logit estimator) is used to calculate the response probability for the given auxiliary variables. The inverse of this response probability of an establishment is the non-response weight (NR) for the written survey in the fourth quarter.
Since the telephone surveys in the following first, second and third quarter depend on the response behaviour in the main survey, a second-stage non-response adjustment is applied: The first component is determined by the non-response weights of the main survey. The second component is a non-response analysis conducted separately for each following quarter on the basis of the information from the auxiliary variables and the response behaviour from the main survey. So, on the one hand, a check is made first for non-responses compared to the gross sample (or the total number of establishments with one employee subject to social insurance contributions from the Federal Employment Agency) and, on the other hand, on the basis of the written survey for non-participations in the quarterly telephone surveys. Although the willingness to participate is with 80 to 90 per cent significantly higher than in the written survey, specific response behaviour can also lead to systematic distortions in the telephone survey. Here, another auxiliary variable is used as an indicator of the rapidness of the response behaviour. It became apparent that establishments that can be allocated to the first half of respondents with regard to time also have a significantly higher probability of participating in the telephone surveys in statistical terms. |
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4.1. Quality assurance | |||
To check data quality, the quarterly subset of job vacancies that are reported to be registered at the Federal Employment Agency are compared with official register data. |
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4.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
In the survey of Q2 2021, we detected a significant deviation between the number of survey-reported registered vacancies and the number of registered vacancies at the Federal Employment Agency. This divergence led us to an analysis of interviewer effects in the telephone interviews of the JVS survey. The analysis of interviewer effects was possible by merging a unique interviewer identifier to the micro data. Since the interviewed establishments are randomly allocated to the interviewers by the telephone institute, there should be no systematic interviewer effects. However, we detected that a specific interviewer significantly less likely (statistical precision 99.9%) inserted vacancies. We also reviewed voice files of the interviews of the respective interviewer. Our qualitative conclusion is that the respective interviewer, unfortunately, provided an unacceptable quality of interviewing. The respective interviewer was confronted with our accusation, and he/she admitted fraudulent behaviour. As a consequence, we excluded the respective interviewer's observations from the micro data. Since the interviewer conducted interviews for JVS not only in Q2 2021 but also in Q1 2020, Q2 2020, and Q3 2020, we excluded interviews from all these quarters and revised the JVS data, respectively. In the course of our rigorous investigation of fraudulent behaviour in the JVS data, we detected a second interviewer with significant interviewer effects. This second interviewer only conducted interviews in Q1 2020. Consequently, we also excluded the respective interviews of this second interviewer. |
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5.1. Relevance - User Needs | ||||
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5.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | ||||
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5.3. Completeness | ||||
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5.3.1. Data completeness - rate | ||||
Optional |
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6.1. Accuracy - overall | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Optional |
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6.2. Sampling error | ||||||||||||||||||||||
See below. |
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6.2.1. Sampling error - indicators | ||||||||||||||||||||||
For coeffients of variation for each NACE by quarter, see Tables 7-10. Annexes: Table 7 - Estimated sampling errors for vacancies by NACE Rev. 2 (1st quarter 2022) Table 8 - Estimated sampling errors for vacancies by NACE Rev. 2 (2nd quarter 2022) Table 9 - Estimated sampling errors for vacancies by NACE Rev. 2 (3rd quarter 2022) Table 10 - Estimated sampling errors for vacancies by NACE Rev. 2 (4th quarter 2022) Table 11 - Estimated sampling errors for vacancies by quarter (2022) |
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6.3. Non-sampling error | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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6.3.1. Coverage error | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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6.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Optional |
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6.3.1.2. Common units - proportion | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Optional |
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6.3.2. Measurement error | ||||||||||||||||||||||
see 6.3 |
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6.3.3. Non response error | ||||||||||||||||||||||
see 3.6 |
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6.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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6.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Optional |
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6.3.4. Processing error | ||||||||||||||||||||||
See 6.3. Non-sampling error. |
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6.3.4.1. Imputation - rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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6.3.5. Model assumption error | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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6.4. Seasonal adjustment | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Annexes: Quality reporting on SA of JVS 2022 |
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6.5. Data revision - policy | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Optional |
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6.6. Data revision - practice | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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6.6.1. Data revision - average size | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Optional |
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7.1. Timeliness | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See below. |
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7.1.1. Time lag - first result | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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7.1.2. Time lag - final result | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Optional |
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7.2. Punctuality | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See below. |
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7.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Annexes: Table 12 - Schedule for the job-vacancy surveys in I-2022-IV-2022 |
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8.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
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8.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient | |||
Optional |
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8.2. Comparability - over time | |||
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8.2.1. Length of comparable time series | |||
Optional |
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8.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||
Annexes: DE Beveridge curve 2022 DE Comparison of JVS with LFS data 2022 |
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8.4. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics | |||
Optional |
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8.5. Coherence - National Accounts | |||
Optional |
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8.6. Coherence - internal | |||
Optional |
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9.1. Dissemination format - News release | ||||||||
Optional |
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9.2. Dissemination format - Publications | ||||||||
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9.3. Dissemination format - online database | ||||||||
Optional |
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9.3.1. Data tables - consultations | ||||||||
Optional |
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9.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | ||||||||
Optional |
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9.5. Dissemination format - other | ||||||||
Optional |
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9.6. Documentation on methodology | ||||||||
Optional |
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9.7. Quality management - documentation | ||||||||
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9.7.1. Metadata completeness - rate | ||||||||
Optional |
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9.7.2. Metadata - consultations | ||||||||
Optional |
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Optional |
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11.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
Optional |
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11.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
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No further comments. |
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