National Documentation Centre (EKT)

Registers, Indicators and Services for Research & Innovation

56 Zefyrou str., GR-17564 Palaio Faliro, Greece

The Community Innovation Survey (CIS) is a survey about innovation activities in enterprises. The survey is designed to collect the information on types of innovation, processes of development of innovation like cooperation patterns, financing and expenditure, objectives of innovation activities or barriers for initiating or implementing innovation.

The CIS provides statistics by type of innovators, economic activity and size class of enterprises. The survey is currently carried out every two years across the EU Member States, EFTA countries and EU candidate countries.

In order to ensure comparability across countries, Eurostat together with the countries develops a Harmonised Data Collection (HDC) questionnaire and drafts the methodological recommendations for implementation of each survey round.

CIS 2020 is a second in a row to implement concepts and methodology of the Oslo Manual 4th Edition revised in 2018. The changes in the CIS driven by the revision of the manual and their impact on collected indicators are described in the Statistics Explained article: Community Innovation Survey – new features.

The legal framework for CIS since 2012, including the present round CIS 2020, is the Commission Regulation No 995/2012 that establishes the quality conditions for the data collection and transmission and identifies the obligatory cross-coverage of economic sectors, size class of enterprises and innovation indicators. The target population are enterprises with at least 10 employees classified in the core NACE economic sectors (see 3.3).

Further activities may be covered on a voluntary basis in national datasets. Most statistics are based on the 3-year reference period (t, t-1, t-2), but some use only one calendar year (t or t-2). Please refer to the Annex section of the European metadata (ESMS) for details of the time coverage of collected indicators.

Indicators related to the enterprises are classified by country, economic activity (NACE Rev. 2), size class of enterprises and type of innovation.

The main typology of classification of enterprises in reference to innovation is the distinction between innovation-active enterprises (INN) and not innovation-active enterprises (NINN).

The enterprise is considered as innovative (INN) if during the reference period it successfully introduced a a) product or b) business process innovation, c) completed but not yet implemented the innovation, d) had ongoing innovation activities, e) abandoned innovation activities or was f) engaged in in-house R&D or R&D contracted out. Non-innovative (NINN) enterprises had no innovation activity mentioned above whatsoever during the reference period.

CIS covers main economic sectors according to NACE Rev.2 broken down by size class of enterprises and type of innovation activity.

In accordance with Commission Regulation 995/2012 on innovation statistics, the following industries and services are included in the core target population. Results are made available with these following breakdowns :

All NACE – Core NACE (NACE Rev. 2  sections & divisions B-C-D-E-46-H-J-K-71-72-73 )

CORE INDUSTRY (excluding construction) (NACE Rev. 2 SECTIONS B_C_D_E)

10-12: Manufacture of food products, beverages and tobacco

13-15: Manufacture of textiles, wearing apparel, leather and related products

16-18: Manufacture of wood, paper, printing and reproduction

20: Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products

21: Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations

19-22: Manufacture of petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical, rubber and plastic products

23: Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products

24: Manufacture of basic metals

25: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment

26: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products

25-30: Manufacture of fabricated metal products (except machinery and equipment), computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment, motor vehicles and other transport equipment

31-33: Manufacture of furniture; jewellery, musical instruments, toys; repair and installation of machinery and equipment

D: ELECTRICITY, GAS, STEAM AND AIR CONDITIONING SUPPLY

E: WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE, WASTE MANAGEMENT AND REMEDIATION ACTIVITIES

36: Water collection, treatment and supply

37-39: Sewerage, waste management, remediation activities

CORE SERVICES (NACE Rev. 2 sections & divisions 46-H-J-K-71-72-73)(NACE code in the tables = G46-M73_INN)

46: Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles

H: TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

49-51: Land transport and transport via pipelines, water transport and air transport

52-53: Warehousing and support activities for transportation and postal and courier activities

J: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

58: Publishing activities

61: Telecommunications

62: Computer programming, consultancy and related activities

63: Information service activities

K: FINANCIAL AND INSURANCE ACTIVITIES

64: Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding

65: Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security

66: Activities auxiliary to financial services and insurance activities

M: PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES

71: Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis

72: Scientific research and development

73: Advertising and market research

71-73: Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis; Scientific research and development; Advertising and market research

All core NACE 2020 sections and divisions have been covered with no deviations from the Commission Regulation 995/2012.

In accordance with Commission Regulation 995/2012 on innovation statistics, the following size classes of enterprises according to number of employees are included in the core target population of the CIS:

• 10 - 49 employees
• 50 - 249 employees
• 250 or more employees

No deviations from the size classes defined in the Commission Regulation 995/2012.

The description of concepts, definitions and main statistical variables is available in CIS 2020 European metadata file (ESMS) Results of the community innovation survey 2020 (CIS2020) (inn_cis12) in Eurostat database.

In accordance with EC Regulation 995/2012, the statistical unit for CIS survey is the enterprise, as defined in the Council Regulation 696/1993.

Core target population is all enterprises in CORE NACE activities (see 3.3.1) with 10 or more employees.

The reference area for the national CIS survey is Greece, covering all 13 regions at NUTS-2 level. CIS data are collected for all NUTS-2 regions and selected indicators of the CIS survey are calculated and provided at regional NUTS-2 level, following the request for the Regional Innovation Scoreboard. 

Several rounds of Community Innovation Survey have been conducted so far at two-year interval since end of 90’s.

*two reference periods can be distinguished for CIS light: 2000-2002 and 2001-2003

Not relevant.

CIS indicators are available according to 3 units of measure:

NR: Number for number of enterprises and number of persons employed.

THS_EUR: Thousands of euros. All financial variables are provided in thousands of euros, i.e. Turnover or Innovation expenditure.

PC: Percentage. The percentage is the ratio between the selected combinations of indicators.

For CIS 2020, the time covered by the survey is the 3-year period from the beginning of 2018 to the end of 2020.

Some questions and indicators refer to one year - 2020.

The list of indicators covering the 3-year period and those referring to one year, according to the HDC, is available in the Annex section of the European metadata (ESMS).

CIS surveys are based on the Commission Regulation No 995/2012, implementing Decision No 1608/2003/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the production and development of Community statistics on science and technology.

This Regulation establishes innovation statistics on a statutory basis and makes the delivery of certain variables compulsory e.g. innovation activities, cooperation, development, expenditures and turnover (see the Regulation). Each survey wave may additionally include further variables. 

In addition, the Regulation defines the obligatory cross-coverage of economic sectors and size class of enterprises.

The following legal acts are in force for the conduction of the CIS survey in Greece:

• Greek Statistical Law No 3832/2010, as in force. - text available only in EL.
• Regulation on the Statistical Obligations of the agencies of the Hellenic Statistical System (Government Gazette 4083 Β, 20.12.2016)
• Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics, as amended by Regulation (EU) 2015/759
• Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on European business statistics.
• Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 995/2012 of 26 October 2012 laying down detailed rules for the implementation of Decision No 1608/2003/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the production and development of Community statistics on science and technology.

Not requested.

CIS data are transmitted to Eurostat via EDAMIS using the secured transmission system.

The National Documentation Centre (EKT), as a National Authority of the Hellenic Statistical System, is fully committed and compliant with the provisions on statistical confidentiality, as defined by the Articles 7, 8 and 9 of the national law 3832/2010 and by the Articles 5, 8, 10 and 11(2) of the regulation of statistical obligations of the bodies of the Hellenic Statistical System. The dissemination of statistics is carried out in compliance with the principles of the European Statistics Code of Practice and the principles of statistical confidentiality and data protection are clearly stated at EKT’s Statistical Confidentiality Policy, publicly available at:  

https://metrics.ekt.gr/sites/metrics-ekt/files/pages-pdf/EKT_Policy_Statistical_Confidentiality_1.1_en.pdf

Data cells have been protected for confidentiality according to the following rules:

1) Primary protection: all cells referring to three enterprises or fewer (≤3).

2) Secondary protection:

• In case of 2-classes aggregation (e.g. NACE classes) A = B + C, if cell B is suppressed, then cell C is also suppressed.
• In case of 3-classes aggregation A = B + C + D, if one of B, C, or D is suppressed, then one more cell is suppressed.
• In case of 3-classes aggregation A = B + C + D, if two of B, C, or D are suppressed, then the third one is also suppressed.

The release calendar for all statistical data is published online at the end of each calendar year on the dedicated website for RDI statistics.

The Data Release Calendar announces the months of the following year on which the statistical results are expected to be disseminated.

The Data Release Calendar is publicly accessible at: https://metrics.ekt.gr/en/statistics-announcements.

As stated in its Quality Policy, publicly available at: https://metrics.ekt.gr/sites/metrics-ekt/files/pages-pdf/EKT_Policy_Quality_1.1_en.pdf, EKT provides simultaneous and equal access to the statistics it produces, through transparent procedures and for all users, as required by the principle of impartiality. A dissemination policy is also in place, publicly available at: https://metrics.ekt.gr/sites/metrics-ekt/files/pages-pdf/EKT_Policy_Dissemination_1.1_en.pdf. Dissemination of CIS statistics is performed strictly following the confidentiality rules and principles provided in the Greek Statistical legal framework and the European Statistics Code of Practice, as stated in EKT’s Statistical Confidentiality Policy publicly available at: https://metrics.ekt.gr/sites/metrics-ekt/files/pages-pdf/EKT_Policy_Statistical_Confidentiality_1.1_en.pdf.

The main source of information for users of statistics on research, development and innovation is the dedicated website http://metrics.ekt.gr/, which can be accessed by all users, without restrictions. RDI statistics are published on the website in the form of Tables, as well as in relevant publications and additional documentation studies. In addition, the results of the statistical surveys and other relevant work on national statistics are transmitted to Eurostat for inclusion in its relevant database (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database).

CIS is conducted and disseminated at two-year interval in pair years.

Accessibility and clarity refer to the simplicity and ease for users to access statistics using simple and user-friendly procedure, obtaining them in an expected form and within an acceptable time period, with the appropriate user information and assistance: a global context which finally enables them to make optimum use of the statistics.

EKT announces the outputs of each statistical survey through Press Releases, which are accompanied by summary statistical reports.  These Releases are communicated to the press via online and offline media channels. The republications and comments appearing in the online and printed media are monitored to capture the interest raised among the different user communities as well as to identify any misuses of the statistics. Further analyses, statistics and indicators are presented in subsequent detailed statistical publications. 

• Online database (containing all/most results): Publicly available, free of charge at: https://metrics.ekt.gr/innovation/datatables
• Analytical publications (referring to all/most results): Publicly available, free of charge at: https://metrics.ekt.gr/innovation/publications
• Analytical publication (referring to specific results, e.g. only for one sector or one specific aspect): Short publications with analysis of key statistics by regions and NACE sectors (publicly available - free of charge at https://metrics.ekt.gr/innovation/publications or https://metrics.ekt.gr/en/regions/publications) or in given time for special purposes (e.g. presentations in conferences).

Publicly available, free of charge at: https://metrics.ekt.gr/innovation/datatables

Not requested.

Submitted to Eurostat to be accessed by researchers at the Safe Centre and/or via CD-ROM.

Not available.

Not requested.

At EKT’s RDI statistics website, https://metrics.ekt.gr/, a dedicated space is available for each RDI statistic subdomain, which presents the data and metadata related to each survey accompanied by the necessary supplementary material for statistical information purposes. The standard structure of each subdomain includes:

• About: short information on the scope of the survey, the main indicators produced and their importance, the legal framework, and the methodological manuals.
• Publications: EKT’s statistical publications and EKT’s broader studies/reports related to each subdomain.
• Data-tables: statistical data and indicators.
• Interactive maps: data interactive representation for the 13 Greek regions (NUTS2).
• News: statistical releases and EKT’s short articles.
• Questionnaires: questionnaires (in pdf format) for each survey round.
• Quality reports: user-oriented metadata reports (SIMS v2.0).
• Glossary: most common RDI terms and definitions.

In particular, the webspace dedicated to Innovation/CIS (https://metrics.ekt.gr/innovation) hosts a brief presentation of the main results of the latest survey round, through a short documentary together with relevant infographics. Reference material for the survey is also available online with links to the relevant regulations, the Oslo Manual, the NACE classification and the survey questionnaire (https://metrics.ekt.gr/innovation/about). A specific link is also provided to the recent CIS ‘Living Library’ launched by Eurostat at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/website/cis/library.html.

Data-tables are also available, including indicators for all CIS survey rounds conducted by EKT (https://metrics.ekt.gr/innovation/datatables). These tables are downloadable in excel (file) format, while the survey’s results are also available in the form of interactive maps (https://metrics.ekt.gr/innovation/maps). Relevant statistical publications and studies carried out by EKT, after each survey round, are available (https://metrics.ekt.gr/innovation/publications). Εach publication of the survey results is accompanied by a short methodological note, including information on the target population, the NACE sections and size classes covered, the sampling method and the mode of data collection. Additional documentation on the CIS methodology is provided to users through user-oriented metadata reports (SIMS v2.0) (https://metrics.ekt.gr/innovation/quality-reports), the necessary glossary of terms (https://metrics.ekt.gr/lexicon), the questionnaires (https://metrics.ekt.gr/innovation/questionnaires), as well as a section dedicated to relevant press releases, announcements, and articles (https://metrics.ekt.gr/innovation/articles).

Lastly, EKT initiated and recently completed the translation of the 2018 Oslo Manual in Greek, aiming to strengthen statistical dissemination and to launch a substantive dialogue on policy making related to research and innovation. The manual is a guide and source of inspiration for policy makers, senior public administration executives, especially those involved in the design and implementation of relevant public funding initiatives, business and management executives, the academic and research community, and business and industry associations. The Oslo manual is publicly available at EKT’s website (https://metrics.ekt.gr/publications/552) and in a restricted number of hard copies. The publication was accompanied by a press release (https://www.ekt.gr/el/press-releases/27520).

Not requested.

User-oriented metadata reports (SIMS v2.0) are publicly available online at: https://metrics.ekt.gr/innovation/quality-reports

The quality of CIS at national level is assessed via the quality indicators and concepts, as described in the present quality report. These indicators are monitored on a regular basis, during data collection and data processing, to ensure high quality of CIS results. In addition to the quality report, the National Documentation Centre has been developing a Documentation Manual with specific guidelines and indicators, that serves in monitoring the quality of the survey and documenting the procedures followed each time. The Documentation Manual for the national CIS is organised following the GSBPM structure and according to the relevant guidelines of the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT).

As specified in the Memoranda of Cooperation between EKT and ELSTAT, the CIS frame population is formulated on the basis of the national Statistical Business Register maintained by ELSTAT. CIS data are collected by census for enterprises with more than 500 persons employed as well as for enterprises that are systematically active in Research and Development (based on the national survey on BES R&D). The remaining enterprises of the target population are surveyed in a sample provided by ELSTAT from the Statistical Business Register, applying single-stage stratified sampling in strata determined by the region (NUTS-2 level), the 2-digit sector of economic activity and the size class (based on the number of persons employed). The sample of enterprises is determined following the specifications and precision requirements proposed by Eurostat in the survey methodological guidelines.

Data were collected via an online survey tool that allowed the introduction of filters and validation rules on the questionnaire. This feature improved measurement and processing errors, eliminated unit non response and had a positive impact on the quality of the data collected by the enterprises. The collection was supported by an online help-desk and more than 230 well-trained statistical correspondents responsible for the follow up and the assistance to enterprises during the completion of the questionnaire. A new addition to the collection process is the production of a weekly report (provided, also, to statistical correspondents) for the purpose of highlighting enterprises that belong to strata with a zero response or a high non-response rate. The report contained, additionally, information about the statistical correspondents’ performance (e.g., unit response rates). It is important to note that the participation of the statistical correspondents was implemented under the framework of EKT’s cooperation with ELSTAT, for the needs of the CIS survey.

Relevance is the degree to which statistics meet current and potential users’ needs. It includes the production of all needed statistics and the extent to which concepts used (definitions, classifications etc.) reflect user needs. The aim is to describe the extent to which the statistics are useful to, and used by, the broadest array of users. For this purpose, statisticians need to compile information, firstly about their users and their needs.

The CIS is based on a common questionnaire and a common survey methodology in order to achieve comparable, harmonised and high quality results for EU Member States, EFTA countries, Candidates and Associated countries.

The questionnaire is finalised by taking into consideration the feedback received from key stakeholders and the Hellenic Statistical Authority. Comments received by enterprises, during the completion of the previous CIS questionnaire, as well as during the interviews for cognitive testing of the CIS 2020 questionnaire, are also considered for the improvement of the survey questionnaire and the accompanied material provided to respondents (instructions for the completion of the questionnaire, examples & clarifications of the survey concepts).

Users’ satisfaction is monitored through three main mechanisms:

1) User feedback is received from regular meetings with key stakeholders and personal interviews with significant R&D and innovation performers, providing valuable information on the needs for innovation statistics. To this extent, it is important to note that a great interest in analysing indicators at the regional and at the sectoral level was expressed.

2) A critical source of information in the form of users’ feedback is hosted at a dedicated space at EKT’s statistics website. Therein, users have the option to submit their feedback and the level of their satisfaction, and to make suggestions for the improvement of the statistical process. The collected information includes: i) the type of the user (e.g., academic, researcher, student, etc.), ii) the RDI statistics category (e.g., R&D, Innovation, etc.), and iii) an evaluation of the usefulness of the information and the data provided. If required, responses and feedback to users are provided by the corresponding survey manager.

3) Users’ satisfaction with respect to the survey questionnaire and the data collection methods is also monitored via the online questionnaire (through a dedicated Section at the end). Results of this assessment showed a high satisfaction with the structure of the questionnaire, its development on the online platform, and the support provided by the statistical correspondents (provided by ELSTAT) and EKT’s staff during the completion.

CIS 2020 results cover all mandatory variables, following the EC Regulation 995/2012. In addition, the great majority of voluntary variables and the respective non-mandatory tabulations are also provided in the requested NACE and Size breakdowns.

Not requested.

Accuracy in the statistical sense denotes the closeness of computations or estimates to the exact or true values. Statistics are not equal with the true values because of variability (the statistics change from implementation to implementation of the survey due to random effects) and bias (the average of the possible values of the statistics from implementation to implementation is not equal to the true value due to systematic effects).

That part of the difference between a population value and an estimate thereof, derived from a random sample, which is due to the fact that only a subset of the population is enumerated.

The main indicator used to measure sampling errors for CIS data is the coefficient of variation (CV).

Coefficient of Variation= (Square root of the estimate of the sampling variance) / (Estimated value)

Formula:

where

and

The above calculations are adjusted for stratified sampling from finite populations.

Coefficient of variation (%) for key variables by NACE categories and for enterprises with 10 and more employees

[1] = Coefficient of variation for the percentage of innovative enterprises (INN) in the total population of enterprises (ENT20)

[2] = Coefficient of variation for the turnover of product innovative enterprises with new or improved products (TUR_PRD_NEW_MKT), as a percentage of total turnover of product innovative enterprises [TUR20,INNO_PRD].

[3] = Coefficient of variation for percentage of product and/or process innovative enterprises (incl. enterprises with abandoned and or on-going activities) involved in any innovation co-operation arrangement [COOP_ALL,INN], as a percentage of innovative enterprises (INN).

The variance and the coefficients of variation were calculated using the appropriate formulas for ratio estimators, also provided in previous CIS instructions/templates. The application provided in SPSS for complex samples was used for these calculations.

Non-sampling errors occur in all phases of a survey. They add to the sampling errors (if present) and contribute to decreasing overall accuracy. It is important to assess their relative weight in the total error and devote appropriate resources for their control and assessment.

Coverage errors (or frame errors) are due to divergences between the target population and the frame population. The frame population is the set of target population members that has a chance to be selected into the survey sample. It is a listing of all items in the population from which the sample is drawn that contains contact details as well as sufficient information to perform stratification and sampling.

Not requested.

Not requested.

No undercoverage reported in any of the groups of the target population.

Not relevant - no coverage issues reported.

Measurement errors occur during data collection and generate bias by recording values different than the true ones. The survey questionnaire used for data collection may have led to the recording of wrong values, or there may be respondent or interviewer bias.

The survey questionnaire was the model questionnaire proposed by Eurostat and the Member States for CIS 2020, translated in Greek. The questionnaire was developed online using the Lime Survey software and, therefore, the data collection process was implemented electronically. The software allowed for the introduction of filters to questions/sections of the questionnaire and, most importantly, it supported the use of control rules and checks for the reported values. The latter improved the quality of the collected data, allowing for real-time validation (i.e., validation while respondents were answering the questions). The system also offered the option of saving and previewing the answers, in any part of the completion process and before the final submission. All operations were thoroughly tested before running the survey. In addition to the questionnaire, a glossary of terms and examples related to the survey concepts and an online helpdesk were offered to respondents for further assistance.

All respondents (either selected in the sample or covered by census) were contacted by email for participating in the survey. In particular, they received their identical credentials for connecting to the online questionnaire and a copy of the questionnaire in pdf for quick preview. The collection was supported by ~230 experienced statistical correspondents (interviewers), provided by the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT), the national authority responsible for maintaining the register of statistical correspondents  for official statistical surveys. The statistical correspondents were responsible for telephone follow-ups and for any other kind of needed assistance.

A special training was held for the statistical correspondents and a handbook was offered to them explaining the survey and the data collection process. The training was conducted in live streaming to facilitate the understanding and to allow for statistical correspondents, across all regions, to watch and ask questions. The whole operation was constantly monitored by EKT’s staff and the regional statistical offices of ELSTAT for validating the progress of the work and the quality of the collected data.

Non response occurs when a survey fails to collect data on all survey variables from all the population units designated for data collection in a sample or complete enumeration.                                                                                                                                                                                              

There are two types of non-response:                                                                                                                                                                                      

1) Unit non-response, which occurs when no data (or so little as to be unusable) are collected about a population unit designated for data collection:                                                         

a) Un-weighted unit non-response rate (%) = 100*(Number of units with no response or not usable response) / (Total number of in-scope (eligible) units in the sample).                                                                         

b) Weighted unit non-response rate (%) = 100*(Number of weighted units with no response or not usable response) / (Total number of in-scope (eligible) units in the sample).      

2) Item non-response, which occurs when only data on some, but not all survey data items are collected about a population unit designated for data collection:                                      

a) Un-weighted item non-response rate (%) = 100*(Number of units with no response at all for the item) / (Total number of eligible, for the item, units in the sample i.e. filters have to be taken into account). 

See below.

Un-weighted and weighted unit non-response rate by NACE categories and for enterprises with 10 or more employees

The number of eligible units is the number of sample units, which indeed belong to the target population.

Before coding an enterprise as non-responding, multiple (and in a regular basis) e-mail reminders are sent, followed by telephone contacts, personal e-mails and close follow-up procedures implemented by the statistical correspondents. However, it is to be noted that despite all efforts taken, enterprises were not very keen on responding due to the problems they faced because of COVID-19 pandemic crisis. This, in combination with the increased sample rate that aimed to increased accuracy in small Greek regions (see 18.1.3.), resulted in a non - response rate about 50%. 

See below.

Item non-response rate for Turnover (in Core NACE: B-C-D-E-46-H-J-K-71-72-73 enterprises with 10 or more employees).

Item non-response rate for new questions in CIS t (in Core NACE: B-C-D-E-46-H-J-K-71-72-73 enterprises with 10 or more employees)
 

All responses were collected via the online questionnaire. In few exceptions, where enterprises submitted their questionnaire via fax/mail, data were filled in the system by EKT’s experienced staff. In both cases there were no errors encountered.

Not requested.

Timeliness and punctuality refer to time and dates, but in a different manner.

The timeliness of statistics reflects the length of time between data availability and the event or phenomenon they describe.

Timeliness of national data – date of first release of national level: 30/6/2022

Not requested.

Punctuality refers to the time lag between the release date of data and the target date on which they were scheduled for release as announced officially.

Date of transmission of complete and validated data to Eurostat (Number of days between that date and 30 June 2022): Data were transmitted on 30/6/2022. Additional voluntary data were submitted on 29/07/2022. Finally, EKT participated in the fast track data transmission round launched by Eurostat and sent the relevant data on 31.03.2022.

Comparability aims at measuring the impact of differences in applied statistical concepts and definitions on the comparison of statistics between geographical areas, non-geographical domains, or over time.

The coherence of statistical outputs refers to the degree to which the statistical processes by which they were generated used the same concepts (classifications, definitions, and target populations) and harmonised methods. Coherent statistical outputs have the potential to be validly combined and used jointly.

The harmonised model questionnaire was fully adopted and translated in the national language, following all international standards and the concepts and definitions in line with the Oslo Manual and Eurostat's guidelines. The same questionnaire was used over the entire territory, resulting in full comparability between all Greek regions.

Not requested.

Methodological deviations from the CIS Harmonised Data Collection (HDC)

  Methodological deviations from the CIS Harmonised Data Collection (HDC)

Due to important methodological changes driven by Oslo Manual 2018, CIS 2018 and CIS 2020 cannot be directly compared with previous CIS waves.

Not requested.

See the comparison between SBS and CIS data in the section 15.3.3 below.

Not requested.

Not requested.

This part compares key variables for aggregated CIS data with SBS data
Definition of relative difference between CIS and SBS data: DIFF = (SBS/CIS)*100

Comparison between SBS and CIS data (relative difference) by NACE categories and for enterprises with 10 or more employees

* The reported ratios compare CIS 2020 with SBS 2020.   

** Financial and insurance activities corresponding to NACE rev. 2 section K are excluded from the comparison.

Not requested.

Confidential information on the production cost of the CIS.

Not requested.

Not requested.

See below.

The Statistical Business Register of reference year 2018, maintained by the Hellenic Statistical Authority, was used as the sampling frame.

The sample of enterprises is determined following the specifications and precision requirements proposed by Eurostat in the survey methodological guidelines.

A one-stage stratified random sampling was applied for the selection of the CIS 2020 sample. The strata in the sampling frame were defined based on the following three variables:

• 2-digit sector of economic activity, in accordance with NACE Rev.2 classification specifications
• Region (NUTS 2 level)
• Enterprise size class according to the number of employees (10-19, 20-49, 50-99, 100-249, 250-499, 500-999, 1000+ employees)

Sample selection was carried out by the Hellenic Statistical Authority using random sampling techniques applied to strata. In total, there were 8,589 enterprises selected from the sampling frame belonging in 1,246 strata.

Variables and indicators filled or prefilled from other sources.

All variables are collected via the survey questionna

According to the Commission Regulation (UE) 995/2012, the innovation statistics shall be provided to Eurostat every two years in each even year.

CIS data are collected with electronic (online) questionnaires addressed to the enterprises participating in the survey. The online questionnaire is available at the dedicated website https://metrics-login.ekt.gr/, in which all enterprises must first login using their unique credentials.

The LimeSurvey platform is used for the implementation of the electronic survey, which has been further developed by the National Documentation Centre with the integration of multiple functions. CIS questionnaires for all reporting periods are uploaded at https://metrics.ekt.gr/innovation/questionnaires.

Mandatory survey

Combination of census and sample survey.

• Census for enterprises over 500 persons employed and R&D 2020 performers.
• Sampling from the Statistical Business Register for enterprises in the remaining size classes of the target population.

Census is conducted for all enterprises over 500 persons employed and R&D 2020 performers (enterprises that are systematically active in Research and Development based on the national survey on BES R&D).

Data collection method

Not requested.

Operations performed on data to derive new information according to a given set of rules.

Imputation is the method of creating plausible (but artificial) substitute values for all those missing.

Definition of imputation rate:

Imputation rate (for the variable x) (%) = 100*(Number of replaced values) / (Total number of values for a given variable)

Definition of weighted imputation rate:

Weighted imputation rate = 100*(Number of total weighted replaced values) / (Total number of weighted values for a given variable)

Imputation rate for metric variables by NACE categories and for enterprises with 10 or more employees:

(1) = Total turnover in the last year of the reference period (t) (TUR)

(2) = Share of the turnover in the last year of the reference period (t) due to new or improved product new to the market in the total turnover for product innovative enterprises TUR_PRD_NEW_MKT/TUR(INNO_PRD)

(3) = R&D expenditure performed in-house (EXP_INNO_RND_IH)

Weights calculation method for sample surveys

No calibration method used.

Not requested.