Central Statistics Office, Ireland

Structural Business Statistics

Central Statistics Office

Skehard Road

Cork

Ireland

The Community Innovation Survey (CIS) is a survey about innovation activities in enterprises. The survey is designed to collect the information on different types of innovation,  various aspects of the development of an innovation, objectives of innovation activities, sources of information, public funding or expenditure on innovation.  It is aim is to measure the innovativeness of sectors and enable the analysis of the factors of innovation.

The CIS provides statistics by type of innovators, economic activities and size class of enterprises. The survey is currently carried out every two years across the EU Member States, EFTA countries and EU candidate countries.

In order to ensure comparability across countries, Eurostat together with the countries developed a Harmonised Data Collection (HDC) questionnaire accompanied by a set of definitions and methodological recommendations.

CIS 2018 concepts and its underlying methodology are based on the Oslo Manual (2018) 4th Edition. 

New review of the CIS2018  aims to meet several objectives :

1: Reduce subjectivity and biases in the main CIS indicators

2: Improve reporting about innovation activities and capabilities in the firm

3: Ensure international comparability (including compliance with the OM4)

4: Broaden the basis CIS information on enterprise management

5: Take better account the diversity of enterprises in the EU

6: Improve reporting about external drivers and enablers of innovation

7: Improve timeliness

8: Ensure the feasibility of data collection

9: Ensure continuity with the CIS 2016

10: Improve reporting about the output and impact of innovation

CIS2018 is conducted under Commission Regulation No 995/2012. This Regulation defines the mandatory target population of the survey referring to enterprises in the Core NACE economic sectors (see section 3.3.) with at least 10 employees. Further activities may be covered on a voluntary basis in national datasets. Most statistics are based on the 3-year reference period (t, t-1, t-2), but some use only one calendar year (t or t-2).

Please consider CIS t to be the survey that refers to the same year of the quality report and CIS t-2 to be the previous survey e.g.: CIS  2018= CIS t then, CIS t-2=CIS 2016

Indicators related to the enterprises are classified by country, economic activity (NACE Rev. 2), size class of enterprises and type of innovation.

The main typology of classification of enterprises in reference to innovation is the distinction between innovation-active enterprises (INN) and not innovation-active enterprises (NINN).

The enterprise is considered as innovative (INN) if during the reference period it successfully introduced a product or business process innovation, had ongoing innovation activities, abandoned innovation activities or was engaged in in-house R&D or R&D contracted out. Non-innovative (NINN) enterprises had no innovation activity mentioned above whatsoever during the reference period.

CIS covers main economic sectors according to NACE Rev.2 broken down by size class of enterprises and type of innovation activity.

In accordance with Commission Regulation 995/2012 on innovation statistics, the following industries and services are included in the core target population. Results are made available with these following breakdowns :

All NACE – Core NACE (NACE Rev. 2  sections & divisions B-C-D-E-46-H-J-K-71-72-73 )

CORE INDUSTRY (excluding construction) (NACE Rev. 2 SECTIONS B_C_D_E)

10-12: Manufacture of food products, beverages and tobacco

13-15: Manufacture of textiles, wearing apparel, leather and related products

16-18: Manufacture of wood, paper, printing and reproduction

20: Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products

21: Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations

19-22: Manufacture of petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical, rubber and plastic products

23: Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products

24: Manufacture of basic metals

25: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment

26: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products

25-30: Manufacture of fabricated metal products (except machinery and equipment), computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment, motor vehicles and other transport equipment

31-33: Manufacture of furniture; jewellery, musical instruments, toys; repair and installation of machinery and equipment

D: ELECTRICITY, GAS, STEAM AND AIR CONDITIONING SUPPLY

E: WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE, WASTE MANAGEMENT AND REMEDIATION ACTIVITIES

36: Water collection, treatment and supply

37-39: Sewerage, waste management, remediation activities

CORE SERVICES (NACE Rev. 2 sections & divisions 46-H-J-K-71-72-73)(NACE code in the tables = G46-M73_INN)

46: Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles

H: TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

49-51: Land transport and transport via pipelines, water transport and air transport

52-53: Warehousing and support activities for transportation and postal and courier activities

J: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

58: Publishing activities

61: Telecommunications

62: Computer programming, consultancy and related activities

63: Information service activities

K: FINANCIAL AND INSURANCE ACTIVITIES

64: Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding

65: Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security

66: Activities auxiliary to financial services and insurance activities

M: PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES

71: Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis

72: Scientific research and development

73: Advertising and market research

71-73: Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis; Scientific research and development; Advertising and market research

Sampling Frame is the Business Register. Survey population is made of all relevant enterprises as laid down in the Regulation.

In accordance with Commission Regulation 995/2012 on innovation statistics, the following size classes of enterprises according to number of employees are included in the core target population of the CIS:

• 10 - 49 employees
• 50 - 249 employees
• 250 or more employees

No deviations

The description of concepts, definitions and main statistical variables is available in CIS 2018 European metadata file (ESMS) Results of the community innovation survey 2018 (CIS2018) (inn_cis11) in Eurostat database.

Enterprise based survey

Core target population are all enterprises in CORE NACE activities (see 3.3.1) with 10 or more employees.

Republic of Ireland. NUTS regional data is published.

https://www.cso.ie/en/methods/revnuts23/

Several rounds of Community Innovation Survey have been conducted so far at two-year interval since end of 90s.

*two reference periods can be distinguished for CIS light: 2000-2002 and 2001-2003

Not relevant.

CIS indicators are available according to 3 units of measure:

NR: Number for number of enterprises and number of persons employed.

THS_EUR: Thousands of euros. All financial variables are provided in thousands of euros, i.e. Turnover or Innovation expenditure.

PC: Percentage. The percentage is the ratio between the selected combinations of indicators.

For CIS 2018, the time covered by the survey is the 3-year period from the beginning of 2016 to the end of 2018.

Some questions and indicators refer to one year — 2018.

The list of indicators covering the 3-year period and referring to one year according to the HDC is available in the Annex section of the European metadata (ESMS). 

CIS surveys are based on the Commission Regulation No 995/2012, implementing Decision No 1608/2003/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the production and development of Community statistics on science and technology.

This Regulation establishes innovation statistics on a statutory basis and makes the delivery of certain variables compulsory e.g. innovation activities, cooperation, development, expenditures and turnover (see the Regulation). Each survey wave may additionally include further variables. 

In addition, the Regulation defines the obligatory cross-coverage of economic sectors and size class of enterprises.

A Statutory Instrument is used for each CIS wave. CIS 2016-2018 SI is 

S.I. No. 455/2018 - Statistics (Community Innovation Survey) Order 2018

http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2018/si/455/made/en/print?q=455&years=2018

Not requested.

CIS data are transmitted to Eurostat via EDAMIS using the secured transmission system.

Legislation regarding confidentiality of statistics is governed under The Statistics Act, 1993.

Three main rules

(1) less than 3 enterprises in a cell

(2) one enterprise has 80% share

(3) top two enterprises have 90% share,

We will then make certain cells secondary confidentiality where this is primary confidentiality issues.

CSO have a release calendar for all upcoming publications 

https://www.cso.ie/en/csolatestnews/releasecalendar/

https://www.cso.ie/en/csolatestnews/releasecalendar/

Data is available for all users from 11am Irish time on the day of the release on the CSO website.

There is also a pre relese access policy

https://www.cso.ie/en/aboutus/lgdp/csodatapolicies/csopolicyonpre-releaseaccess/

CIS is conducted and disseminated at two-year interval in pair years.

Accessibility and clarity refer to the simplicity and ease for users to access statistics using simple and user-friendly procedure, obtaining them in an expected form and within an acceptable time period, with the appropriate user information and assistance: a global context which finally enables them to make optimum use of the statistics.

See below.

-              Online database (containing all/most results) : https://data.cso.ie/product/IIENS

-              Analytical publication (referring to all/most results) : https://www.cso.ie/en/statistics/multisectoral/innovationinirishenterprises/

-              Analytical publication (referring to specific results, e.g. only for one sector or one specific aspect) : https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/er/iie/innovationinirishenterprises2018/

CIS data can be accessed in our database under the heading Innovation in Irish Enterprises

https://data.cso.ie/product/IIENS

Not requested.

Research Microdata Files are made available for approved users

https://www.cso.ie/en/aboutus/lgdp/csodatapolicies/dataforresearchers/rmfapplicationprocedure/

All CIS publications can be found here

https://www.cso.ie/en/statistics/multisectoral/innovationinirishenterprises/

Not requested.

CSO publish a Quality Report at the same time as publishing the data

https://www.cso.ie/en/methods/qualityreports/innovationinirishenterprises/

Not requested.

https://www.cso.ie/en/methods/qualityreports/innovationinirishenterprises/

CSO use the Generic Statistical Business Process Model

https://www.cso.ie/en/methods/gsbpm/

The CIS survey 2016-2018 was conducted in electronic form only. Details on the quality can be found in the Quality Report

https://www.cso.ie/en/methods/qualityreports/innovationinirishenterprises/

An Enterprise Statistics Liaison Group (ESLG) meeting is held annually and key stakeholders are invited for provide feedback.

No user satisfaction survey was conducted.

No issues. Data for all compulsory varaiables are collected and transmitted to Eurostat

Not requested.

Accuracy in the statistical sense denotes the closeness of computations or estimates to the exact or true values. Statistics are not equal with the true values because of variability (the statistics change from implementation to implementation of the survey due to random effects) and bias (the average of the possible values of the statistics from implementation to implementation is not equal to the true value due to systematic effects).

That part of the difference between a population value and an estimate thereof, derived from a random sample, which is due to the fact that only a subset of the population is enumerated.

The main indicator used to measure sampling errors for CIS data is the coefficient of variation (CV).

Coefficient of Variation= (Square root of the estimate of the sampling variance) / (Estimated value)

Formula:

where

Coefficient of variation (%) for key variables by NACE categories and for enterprises with 10 and more employees: No information available

[1] = Coefficient of variation for the percentage of innovative enterprises (INN) in the total population of enterprises (ENT18)
[2] = Coefficient of variation for the turnover of product innovative enterprises with new or improved products (TUR_PRD_NEW_MKT), as a percentage of total turnover of product innovative enterprises [TUR18,INNO_PRD].
[3] = Coefficient of variation for percentage of product and/or process innovative enterprises (incl. enterprises with abandoned and or on-going activities) involved in any innovation co-operation arrangement [COOP_ALL,INN], as a percentage of innovative enterprises (INN).

A census is conducted of all enterprises with 50 or more persons engaged, while a census is also conducted for certain strata in the less than 50 persons engaged category where the number of enterprises in the strata is low.
Finally, a sample of enterprises is taken for those remaining enterprises with less than 50 persons engaged that are not included in the census.

Neyman allocation is used to select the sampling fraction in each of these remaining strata. The actual enterprises selected are selected using random selection.

Non-sampling errors occur in all phases of a survey. They add to the sampling errors (if present) and contribute to decreasing overall accuracy. It is important to assess their relative weight in the total error and devote appropriate resources for their control and assessment.

Coverage errors (or frame errors) are due to divergences between the target population and the frame population. The frame population is the set of target population members that has a chance to be selected into the survey sample. It is a listing of all items in the population from which the sample is drawn that contains contact details as well as sufficient information to perform stratification and sampling.

Not requested.

Not requested.

The sample for the CIS is taken from CSO's Business Register. Forms are issued to all enterprises with at least 50 persons engaged and a stratified random sample is conducted for those enterprises where persons engaged is between 10
and 49. It should be noted that in certain sections of NACE, a census is conduced across all size classed as the number of enterprises is low.

The sample for the CIS is taken from CSO's Business Register. Forms are issued to all enterprises with at least 50 persons engaged and a stratified random sample is conducted for those enterprises where persons engaged is between 10
and 49. It should be noted that in certain sections of NACE, a census is conduced across all size classed as the number of enterprises is low.

Measurement errors occur during data collection and generate bias by recording values different than the true ones. The survey questionnaire used for data collection may have led to the recording of wrong values, or there may be respondent or interviewer bias.

Even though these errors are not calculated, CSO takes a number of steps to reduce any such errors

(a)     Questionnaire - we ensure that the questionnaire is clear with definitions provided where appropriate.  The majority of questions are tick box style questions which makes the form easier to complete.

(b)     Data collection method - there is only 1 data collection method: by electronic questionnaire (eQ).  This method is unlikely of itself to be a source of measurement error and because of validations which are part of the e-form, this method of return is likely to reduce potential errors

(c)     Respondent - survey data can contain sensitive and confidential information.  The form makes reference to Section 33 of the Statistics Act, 1993 guaranteeing the confidentiality of all data returned to ensure that respondents are not reluctant to provide accurate information.

(d)     Where monetary values are returned for In-house R&D expenditure in the CIS, comparison is made to the estimated in-house expenditure returned in the previous Business Expenditure on Research & Development Survey and where significant changes in data arise, it is queried with the enterprise thereby reducing measurement error.

Non response occurs when a survey fails to collect data on all survey variables from all the population units designated for data collection in a sample or complete enumeration.                                                                                                                                                                                              

There are two types of non-response:                                                                                                                                                                                      

1) Unit non-response, which occurs when no data (or so little as to be unusable) are collected about a population unit designated for data collection.                                                                                                                                                                      

a) Un-weighted unit non-response rate (%) = 100*(Number of units with no response or not usable response) / (Total number of in-scope (eligible) units in the sample)                                                                                                         

b) Weighted unit non-response rate (%) = 100*(Number of weighted units with no response or not usable response) / (Total number of in-scope (eligible) units in the sample)                                                                                                            

2) Item non-response, which occurs when only data on some, but not all survey data items are collected about a population unit designated for data collection.                                       

a) Un-weighted item non-response rate (%) = 100*(Number of units with no response at all for the item) / (Total number of eligible, for the item, units in the sample i.e. filters have to be taken into account) 

Similar to measurement errors, we do not have data on item non-response but we employ a number of techniques in order to reduce this error:

1. Using electronic forms - this will force enterprises to answer all relevant questions

2. Contacting the enterprise by telephone  - most item non-response issues are resolved in this manner.

3. Using other sources such as  previous returns or comparable surveys such as the BERD.

See below.

Un-weighted and weighted unit non-response rate by NACE categories and for enterprises with 10 or more employees

The number of eligible units is the number of sample units, which indeed belong to the target population.

There were in total 4 reminders.

See below.

Item non-response rate for Turnover (in Core NACE: B-C-D-E-46-H-J-K-71-72-73 enterprises with 10 or more employees).

Item non-response rate for new questions in CIS t (in Core NACE: B-C-D-E-46-H-J-K-71-72-73 enterprises with 10 or more employees)
 

 Responses are received through online forms so risk of errors is low.

Not requested.

Timeliness and punctuality refer to time and dates, but in a different manner.

The timeliness of statistics reflects the length of time between data availability and the event or phenomenon they describe.

Timeliness of national data – date of first release of national level : April 2020

Not requested.

Punctuality refers to the time lag between the release date of data and the target date on which they were scheduled for release as announced officially.

Date of transmission of complete and validated data to Eurostat (Number of days between that data and 30 June 2020) :  June 2020, no delay.

Comparability aims at measuring the impact of differences in applied statistical concepts and definitions on the comparison of statistics between geographical areas, non-geographical domains, or over time.

The coherence of statistical outputs refers to the degree to which the statistical processes by which they were generated used the same concepts (classifications, definitions, and target populations) and harmonised methods. Coherent statistical outputs have the potential to be validly combined and used jointly.

All compulsory harmonised questions asked. CIS 2018 used the new Oslo Manual definitions. As the model questionnaire for CIS 2018 had a lot of changes versus previous years, we found there were some breaks in series.

For example, marketing innovation used to ask 4 separate questions, whereas for CIS 2018 they were one question. 

Not requested.

Methodological deviations from the CIS Harmonised Data Collection (HDC)

Methodological deviations from the CIS Harmonised Data Collection (HDC)

Due to important methodological changes in CIS 2018 driven by Oslo Manual 2018, the data 2018 cannot be directly compared with previous CIS waves.

Not requested.

See the comparison between SBS and CIS data in the section 15.3.3 below.

Not requested.

Not requested.

This part compares key variables for aggregated CIS data with SBS data
Definition of relative difference between CIS and SBS data: DIFF = (SBS/CIS)*100

Comparison between SBS and CIS data (relative difference) by NACE categories and for enterprises with 10 or more employees: Not available

* Numbers are to be provided for the last year of the reference period (t)

Not requested.

Confidential information on the production cost of the CIS.

Not requested.

Not requested.

Not requested.

.

See below

Sampling Frame is the Business Register. Survey population is made of all relevant enterprises as laid down in the Regulation.

The core target population is as per Commission Regulation.

A full list of all relevant enterprises is generated for this coverage using the National Business Register.

This population is then subdivided into strata which were 2 digit NACE by employment size class: namely enterprises with 10 to 49 persons engaged, 50 to 249 persons engaged and 250+ persons engaged.

A census is conducted of all enterprises with 50 or more persons engaged, while a census is also conducted for certain strata in the less than 50 persons engaged category where the number of enterprises in the strata is low.

Finally, a sample of enterprises is taken for those remaining enterprises with less than 50 persons engaged that are not included in the census.  Neyman allocation is used to select the sampling fraction in each of these remaining strata.  The actual enterprises selected are selected using random selection.

Variables and indicators filled or prefilled from other sources.

According to the Commission Regulation (UE) 995/2012, the innovation statistics shall be provided to Eurostat every two years in each even year. The data collection takes place every second year in year t-2 preceding the data provision.

See below

Mandatory

Data is collected through a combination of both census and sample

A census is conducted of all enterprises with 50 or more persons engaged, while a census is also conducted for certain strata in the less than 50 persons engaged category where the number of enterprises in the strata is low.  Finally, a sample of enterprises is taken for those remaining enterprises with less than 50 persons engaged that are not included in the census.

A census is conducted of all enterprises with 50 or more persons engaged, while a census is also conducted for certain strata in the less than 50 persons engaged category where the number of enterprises in the strata is low.

Data collection method

Not requested.

Operations performed on data to derive new information according to a given set of rules.

Imputation is the method of creating plausible (but artificial) substitute values for all those missing.

Definition of imputation rate:

Imputation rate (for the variable x) (%) = 100*(Number of replaced values) / (Total number of values for a given variable)

Definition of weighted imputation rate:

Weighted imputation rate= 100*(Number of total weighted replaced values) / (Total number of weighted values for a given variable)

Imputation rate for metric variables by NACE categories and for enterprises with 10 or more employees:

(1) = Total turnover in the last year of the reference period (t) (TUR)

(2) = Share of the turnover in the last year of the reference period (t) due to new or improved product new to the market in the total turnover for product innovative enterprises TUR_PRD_NEW_MKT/TUR(INNO_PRD)

(3) = R&D expenditure performed in-house (EXP_INNO_RND_IH)

Weights calculation method for sample surveys

Regional data uses the NUTS regions for Ireland

Not requested.