Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
STATEC is the National Institute of statistics and economic studies of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
1.2. Contact organisation unit
ENT2 - Foreign Direct Investment (Table 33)
ENT3 - Structural Business Statistics (Table 15)
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
STATEC - Bâtiment Twist
C/O Roger STRANEN 12, boulevard du Jazz L-4370 BelvauxCentre Administratif Pierre Werner
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
Restricted from publication
2.2. Metadata last posted
Restricted from publication
2.3. Metadata last update
Restricted from publication
3.1. Data description
Foreign Affiliates Statistics (FATS) measure the commercial presence through affiliates in foreign markets.
In country-level business statisticsoutward foreign affiliates statistics (OFATS) describe the activity of domestic affiliates of every resident ultimate controlling institutional unit which has at least one foreign affiliate and the activity of foreign-controlling enterprises resident in the compiling country (Table 15 of the EBS Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197).
In statistics on international activities outward foreign affiliates statistics (OFATS) describe the activity of foreign affiliates abroad ultimately controlled by an institutional unit resident in the compiling country (Table 33 of the EBS Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197).
Variables on country-level business activities in the OFATS data category:
Number of foreign-controlling enterprises (UCI concept) and domestic affiliates
Number of employees and self-employed persons in foreign-controlling enterprises (UCI concept) and domestic affiliates
Net turnover of foreign-controlling enterprises (UCI concept) and domestic affiliates
Variables on the international activities in the OFATS data category:
Number of enterprises abroad ultimately controlled by institutional units of the reporting country
Number of employees and self-employed persons in enterprises abroad ultimately controlled by institutional units of the reporting country
Employee benefits expense in enterprises abroad ultimately controlled by institutional units of the reporting country
Gross investment in tangible non-current assets of enterprises abroad ultimately controlled by institutional units of the reporting country
Net turnover of enterprises abroad ultimately controlled by institutional units of the reporting country
3.2. Classification system
Classification systems used in the FATS are as follows:
Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community (NACE Rev. 2);
List of 2-digit country codes (ISO 3166-1);
Currency codes (ISO 4217).
3.3. Coverage - sector
Market producers of NACE Sections B to N and P to S.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
In country-level business statisticsOutward Foreign Affiliates Statistics (OFATS) describe the activity of domestic affiliates of every resident ultimate controlling institutional unit which has at least one foreign affiliate and the activity of foreign-controlling enterprises resident in the compiling country (Table 15 of the EBS Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197).
In statistics on international activities Outward Foreign Affiliates Statistics (OFATS) describe the activity of foreign affiliates abroad ultimately controlled by an institutional unit resident in the compiling country (Table 33 of the EBS Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197).
Foreign affiliate in the framework of outward FATS is an enterprise or branch not resident in the compiling country over which an institutional unit resident in the compiling country has ultimate (direct or indirect) control.
Domestic affiliate shall mean an enterprise resident in the compiling country over which a UCI resident in the same compiling country has control.
Ultimate Controlling Institutional of a foreign affiliate (UCI) shall mean the institutional unit, proceeding up a foreign affiliate’s chain of control, which is not controlled by another institutional unit.
Control is the ability to determine the general policy of the affiliate by choosing appropriate directors, if necessary. In this context, enterprise A is deemed to be controlled by an institutional unit B when B controls, whether directly or indirectly, more than half of the shareholders' voting power or more than half of the shares.
Indirect control means that an institutional unit may have control through another affiliate which has control over enterprise A.
Active enterprise is a statistical units which at any time during the reference period was ‘enterprise’, as defined in Regulation (EEC) No 696/93, and also active during the same reference period. A statistical unit is considered to have been active during the reference period if, in said period, it either realized positive net turnover or produced outputs or had employees or performed investments.
Employees and self-employed persons are persons who work for an observation unit on the basis of a contract of employment and receives compensation in the form of wages, salaries, fees, gratuities, piecework pay or remuneration in kind; and persons who are the sole owners or joint owners of the statistical unit in which they work. Family workers and outworkers, whose income is a function of the value of the outputs of the statistical unit, are also included.
Employee benefits expense contains all expenses arising in relation with employee benefits, recognized by the statistical unit during the reference period. Those are are all forms of consideration given by the statistical unit in exchange for service rendered by employees or for the termination of employment.
Gross investment in tangible non-current assets includes all additions to tangible non-current assets, recognized as such by the statistical unit during the reference period, except any increases from revaluations or reversals of previously recognized impairment losses and from reclassifications (transfers) of other tangible non-current assets.
Net turnover consists of all income arising during the reference period in the course of ordinary activities of the statistical unit, and is presented net of all price reductions, discounts and rebates granted by it.
Coverage of Special Purpose Entities (SPE): SPEs are not covered by our FDI survey.
Treatment of equally shared control: Not applicable.
Treatment of multiple minority ownership: Not applicable.
3.5. Statistical unit
The statistical unit of FATS is the enterprise as defined in line with the Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community.
3.6. Statistical population
Market producers of NACE Sections B to N and P to S (for the EBS Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 table 15) and market producers of NACE Sections B to N and P to S abroad (should cover the foreign affiliates of all ultimate controlling institutional units of the reporting country) (for the EBS Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 table 33).
3.7. Reference area
LU - Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
3.8. Coverage - Time
Reference year 2009 up to now
3.9. Base period
Not applicable
Number of enterprises and employment variables are recorded in absolute figures.
Monetary data of enterprises are recorded in thousands EUR.
2023
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
The data used for the production of statistics is classified when it allows the identification - either directly or indirectly - of an individual person or a company or if there is a risk of disclosure of individual information. Non-disclosure control of individual or confidential information is guaranteed by art.16-17 of the law of 10 July 2011 on the organisation of the National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Please see Table 7.2 in the Annex at the bottom.
8.1. Release calendar
Restricted from publication
8.2. Release calendar access
Not applicable.
8.3. Release policy - user access
Restricted from publication
Annual dissemination by Eurostat.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Restricted from publication
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Not applicable.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
Not applicable.
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not applicable.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Not applicable.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Not applicable.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Not applicable.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
Not applicable.
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
Not applicable.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
Not applicable.
11.1. Quality assurance
Our quality policy is based on the European Statistics Code of Practice and its four levels of quality assurance.
Systematic quality checks are applied at various stages of data collection, compilation and production.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
The main data source for OFATS is the annual FDI survey with a response rate close to 100%.
Systematic quality checks are applied at various stages of data collection, compilation and production.
Please see Table 12.3.1 in the Annex at the bottom.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
As a subset of FDI statistics, the accuracy of OFATS data is verified.
13.1.1. Use of residual geographic codes (Extra EU-27 not allocated, etc.)
Please see Table 13.1.in the Annex at the bottom.
13.1.2. Use of residual activity codes (NACE activity “not allocated”)
Please see Table 13.1.in the Annex at the bottom.
13.1.3. Comments on the Extra EU-27 not allocated and on the Activity “not allocated”
Not applicable.
13.1.4. UCI Approach applied to identify the relevant population of reporting units
We apply the UCI approach as required by the official Eurostat methodology.
The UCI is identified on the basis of the shareholding structure provided by the declarant in our yearly FDI survey (100%).
A step-by-step analysis of control relationships up the ownership chain in the enterprise group is done to determine the entity exercising effective control over the whole group.
13.1.5. Update date (or frequency of updates) of the information regarding the country of the UCI by the “source administration”
The main source is the annual FDI survey where revisions are made annually back to t-1.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Not applicable.
13.3.1. Coverage error
All large and medium sized enterprises and many small entities are covered.
The response rate of the FDI survey is close to 100%.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable.
13.3.1.3. Misclassification errors
Not applicable.
13.3.1.4. Under- and over-coverage problems
Not applicable.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Not applicable.
13.3.3. Non response error
Unit non-response occurs when not all the reporting units in the sample participate in the survey.
Item non-response occurs when a respondent provides some, but not all, of the information requested or if the information reported is unusable (note that entirely unusable questionnaires are already counted in the unit non-response).
The FDI survey is compulsory and there is almost no non-response.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
See Table 13.3.3 in the Annex at the bottom.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
See Table 13.3.3 in the Annex at the bottom.
13.3.4. Processing error
Not applicable.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable.
14.1. Timeliness
OFATS statistics are calculated annually for reference year T.
Data collection stretches from t+6 to t+14 months after the end of the reference period.
Data transmission to Eurostat takes place at t+20 months.
No OFATS data dissemination at national level.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Not applicable.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Not applicable.
14.2. Punctuality
Deadlines are generally respected.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
-2 days (reference year 2023)
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Not applicable
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable
15.2. Comparability - over time
There is no break in series since there were no changes in the methodology.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Length of time series: from 2009 onwards.
Length of comparable time series: from 2009 up to now.
15.2.2. Reasons and differences in concepts and measurement methods for breaks in time series
Not applicable.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable.
15.3.3. Coherence – Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
No incoherences as OFATS is a subset of the FDI survey.
15.3.4. Coherence – EuroGroups Register (EGR)
We use the EGR for occasional post-compiling checks.
15.4. Coherence - internal
No internal incoherence assessed so far.
OFATS statistics are a subset of the FDI survey, so that the extra burden on respondents is limited.
17.1. Data revision - policy
Revisions are done on an annual basis.
17.2. Data revision - practice
See Table 17.2. in the Annex at the bottom.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not applicable, revisions are done when there is a necessity.
18.1. Source data
Foreign Direct Investment data based on the annual survey
EuroGroups Register
other administrative sources such as the national business register
18.1.1. Methodological approach
We mainly rely on the annual FDI survey.
18.1.2. Use of cut-off thresholds
Not applicable.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
annual.
18.3. Data collection
Source to define your population:
100 % Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) compulsory survey
EuroGroups Register (EGR) & Structural Business Statistics (SBS) are complementary to the FDI survey.
Administrative sources
18.4. Data validation
We obtain primary data from the survey respondents.
Our procedures of data treatment encompass quality controls and data validation at several stages from data collection to data production.
These include for instance company accounts, RGE and variation controls on data previously reported.
18.5. Data compilation
Restricted from publication
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable.
18.5.2. Use of a method to deal with non-response (both unit and item non-response)
The response rate of the survey is close to 100%.
The survey is compulsory and legal procedures are applied to non-respondents.
The few cases of unit and item non-response are approximated with company accounts data.
Foreign Affiliates Statistics (FATS) measure the commercial presence through affiliates in foreign markets.
In country-level business statisticsoutward foreign affiliates statistics (OFATS) describe the activity of domestic affiliates of every resident ultimate controlling institutional unit which has at least one foreign affiliate and the activity of foreign-controlling enterprises resident in the compiling country (Table 15 of the EBS Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197).
In statistics on international activities outward foreign affiliates statistics (OFATS) describe the activity of foreign affiliates abroad ultimately controlled by an institutional unit resident in the compiling country (Table 33 of the EBS Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197).
Variables on country-level business activities in the OFATS data category:
Number of foreign-controlling enterprises (UCI concept) and domestic affiliates
Number of employees and self-employed persons in foreign-controlling enterprises (UCI concept) and domestic affiliates
Net turnover of foreign-controlling enterprises (UCI concept) and domestic affiliates
Variables on the international activities in the OFATS data category:
Number of enterprises abroad ultimately controlled by institutional units of the reporting country
Number of employees and self-employed persons in enterprises abroad ultimately controlled by institutional units of the reporting country
Employee benefits expense in enterprises abroad ultimately controlled by institutional units of the reporting country
Gross investment in tangible non-current assets of enterprises abroad ultimately controlled by institutional units of the reporting country
Net turnover of enterprises abroad ultimately controlled by institutional units of the reporting country
Restricted from publication
In country-level business statisticsOutward Foreign Affiliates Statistics (OFATS) describe the activity of domestic affiliates of every resident ultimate controlling institutional unit which has at least one foreign affiliate and the activity of foreign-controlling enterprises resident in the compiling country (Table 15 of the EBS Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197).
In statistics on international activities Outward Foreign Affiliates Statistics (OFATS) describe the activity of foreign affiliates abroad ultimately controlled by an institutional unit resident in the compiling country (Table 33 of the EBS Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197).
Foreign affiliate in the framework of outward FATS is an enterprise or branch not resident in the compiling country over which an institutional unit resident in the compiling country has ultimate (direct or indirect) control.
Domestic affiliate shall mean an enterprise resident in the compiling country over which a UCI resident in the same compiling country has control.
Ultimate Controlling Institutional of a foreign affiliate (UCI) shall mean the institutional unit, proceeding up a foreign affiliate’s chain of control, which is not controlled by another institutional unit.
Control is the ability to determine the general policy of the affiliate by choosing appropriate directors, if necessary. In this context, enterprise A is deemed to be controlled by an institutional unit B when B controls, whether directly or indirectly, more than half of the shareholders' voting power or more than half of the shares.
Indirect control means that an institutional unit may have control through another affiliate which has control over enterprise A.
Active enterprise is a statistical units which at any time during the reference period was ‘enterprise’, as defined in Regulation (EEC) No 696/93, and also active during the same reference period. A statistical unit is considered to have been active during the reference period if, in said period, it either realized positive net turnover or produced outputs or had employees or performed investments.
Employees and self-employed persons are persons who work for an observation unit on the basis of a contract of employment and receives compensation in the form of wages, salaries, fees, gratuities, piecework pay or remuneration in kind; and persons who are the sole owners or joint owners of the statistical unit in which they work. Family workers and outworkers, whose income is a function of the value of the outputs of the statistical unit, are also included.
Employee benefits expense contains all expenses arising in relation with employee benefits, recognized by the statistical unit during the reference period. Those are are all forms of consideration given by the statistical unit in exchange for service rendered by employees or for the termination of employment.
Gross investment in tangible non-current assets includes all additions to tangible non-current assets, recognized as such by the statistical unit during the reference period, except any increases from revaluations or reversals of previously recognized impairment losses and from reclassifications (transfers) of other tangible non-current assets.
Net turnover consists of all income arising during the reference period in the course of ordinary activities of the statistical unit, and is presented net of all price reductions, discounts and rebates granted by it.
Coverage of Special Purpose Entities (SPE): SPEs are not covered by our FDI survey.
Treatment of equally shared control: Not applicable.
Treatment of multiple minority ownership: Not applicable.
The statistical unit of FATS is the enterprise as defined in line with the Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community.
Market producers of NACE Sections B to N and P to S (for the EBS Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 table 15) and market producers of NACE Sections B to N and P to S abroad (should cover the foreign affiliates of all ultimate controlling institutional units of the reporting country) (for the EBS Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 table 33).
LU - Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
2023
As a subset of FDI statistics, the accuracy of OFATS data is verified.
Number of enterprises and employment variables are recorded in absolute figures.
Monetary data of enterprises are recorded in thousands EUR.
Restricted from publication
Foreign Direct Investment data based on the annual survey
EuroGroups Register
other administrative sources such as the national business register
Annual dissemination by Eurostat.
OFATS statistics are calculated annually for reference year T.
Data collection stretches from t+6 to t+14 months after the end of the reference period.
Data transmission to Eurostat takes place at t+20 months.
No OFATS data dissemination at national level.
Not applicable
There is no break in series since there were no changes in the methodology.
