Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Services Trade by Enterprise Characteristics (STEC) statistics provide information on the types of enterprises engaged in international trade in services and show how enterprises in different industries supply services and how this relates to their primary activity. STEC disclose additional insights into trade statistics, by allowing the profiling of the enterprises according to selected characteristics such as number of employees, type of ownership and economic activity.
A+B - Agriculture, forestry, and fishing; mining and quarrying,
D+E - Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply; water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities,
I+L+O+P+Q+R+S+T+U - Accommodation and food service activities; real estate activities; public administration, defence; compulsory social security; education; human health and social work activities; other services.
· NACE Sections:
C - Manufacturing,
F - Construction,
G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles,
H - Transportation and storage,
J - Information and communication,
K - Financial and insurance activities,
M - Professional, scientific, and technical activities,
N - Administrative and support service activities.
Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others
Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.
Transport
Travel
Construction
Insurance and pension services
Financial services
Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e.
Telecommunications, computer, and information services
Other business services
Research and development services
Professional and management consulting services
Technical, trade-related, and other business services
Personal, cultural and recreational services
Government goods and services, n.i.e.
3.5. Statistical unit
Enterprise.
3.6. Statistical population
The activity breakdown covers NACE sections from A to U.
The product breakdown covers EBOPS 2010 main items.
3.7. Reference area
Slovenia
The reference area describes the geographical area covered by the data disseminated. According to the BOP Vademecum, the reference area is the economic territory, country, or region for which external sector statistics are provided. The country code list follows the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 classification and is a "cross-domain" code list, used also in National Accounts. The codes used for various regional groupings are harmonized across international agencies that use the BOP-DSD.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Yearly frequency. Data are published on national pages from 2019 onwards.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
The data are presented in thousands of Euro.
Calendar year.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics sets the data requirements in the field of services trade by enterprise characteristics for the EU Member States and EFTA countries. The exact technical specifications are listed in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197, table 17 "Country-level business statistics on trade in services by enterprise characteristics (STEC) – annual data".
The variable must be reported annually with first reference year 2022.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Data are prepared in close cooperation between National Statistical Office and Banka Slovenije. National Statistical Office provides statistical register data and most of data needed for travel services, as well as FISIM, whereas Banka Slovenije conducts direct reporting system for services other than travel. Finally database is prepared by Banka Slovenije and sent to National Statistical Office in order to create STEC report with confidentiality attributes. Data are sent to Eurostat by National Statistical Office.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society. National legislations related to statistical confidentiality determine National Statistics Act (OJ RS, No. 45/95 and 9/01).
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Datasets are protected using cell suppression; the same criteria for primary confidential cells are used for all these datasets; secondary protection is applied; if a cell is presented in more than one dataset, it has the same protection in all these datasets; protection is linked with tables for ITS (International trade of services).
8.1. Release calendar
National release calendar for this statistics is not yet in place.
National release calendar for this statistics is not yet in place. First release as experimental statistics was in November 2023 for data related to 2022, next releases took place in August and September 2024 related to revised data 2019-2022 and 2023.
No microdata is disseminated. Access to statistically protected microdata is possible only for registered researchers. The statistically protected microdata are in such cases available for researchers in a "secure room" in National Statistical Office. National Statistical Office removes all identifiers that may lead to exposure of single reporting unit in such cases.
Bank of Slovenia as a member of ESCB adheres to the Public commitment on European statistics by the ESCB. Commitment to quality is one of the basic principles laid down in this public commitment. Our institution acknowledges that quality management is one of the cornerstone of statistical work.
Data sources are routinely assessed for response error, code lists errors. Outliers are routinely detected and reconciled. There are also validations against yearly balance sheet database as well as the database of payments received on monthly basis from commercial banks. Larger reporters are manually checked also with annual reports. Each year samples are tested and new reporters are included in external statistics reporting obligation. Likewise grossing up coefficients are adjusted.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
Eurostat assessed the completeness and accessibility of the 2023 dataset by evaluating the proportion of mandatory cells reported and the extent of confidentiality.
All mandatory cells across all tables were fully reported (100%), while approximately 27% of the dataset was flagged as confidential.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
STEC data are important input for trade analyses. This type of information is in high and growing demand by academics and policy makers. This demand is partly driven by the increasingly important role that services play in international trade.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Users seem to be satisfied with data on web site. So far there were no additional request regarding this data.
12.3. Completeness
International trade in services statistics by enterprise characteristics are based on the EU legislation which is directly applicable in the EU Member States.
All tables are provided to Eurostat.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
100%
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Data are part of balance of payments statistics, further broken down by size class, activity and type of ownership. Quality of data is ensured within balance of payments quality procedures and assessed by Eurostat and ECB in their regular quality report exercises.
Apart from the STEC domain, information on trade flows can be found in the detailed trade in services statistics. The intra-domain checks carried out by Eurostat before any data dissemination ensure the coherence between the trade values published in STEC datasets and trade values coming from detailed trade in services statistics.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable.
15.4. Coherence - internal
The internal coherence of the STEC datasets is ensured by the intra- and inter-dataset checks carried out by Eurostat before any STEC data dissemination.
Data is provided mainly by linking direct reported data that are used also for balance of payments with statistical register attributes. There is no additional reporting burden from enterprises. Additional efforts are needed from staff in Banka Slovenije and National Statistical Office.
17.1. Data revision - policy
National publication is in line with balance of payments yearly release.
Only exceptionally the data can be revised, especially due to the revision of final annual international trade statistics data, changes in survey methodology at the EU level, changes in data sources, methodological improvements or discovery of major data inconsistencies.
17.2. Data revision - practice
Statistics on services by enterprise characteristics are only exceptionally revised. The STEC data that Slovenia sends to Eurostat have not yet been revised.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not applicable.
18.1. Source data
Data are prepared in close cooperation between National Statistical Office and Banka Slovenije. NSI provides statistical register data and most of data needed for estimation of travel services, as well as FISIM, whereas Banka Slovenije conducts direct reporting system for services other than travel. Finally database is prepared by Banka Slovenije and sent to National Statistical Office in order to create STEC report with confidentiality attributes. Data are sent to Eurostat by National Statistical Office.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annual.
18.3. Data collection
It is part of balance of payments data sources, which are later linked with business register attributes (size class, activity, type of ownership).
18.4. Data validation
Data sources are routinely assessed for response error, code lists errors. Outliers are routinely detected and reconciled. There are also validations against yearly balance sheet database as well as the database of payments received on monthly basis from commercial banks. Larger reporters are manually checked also with annual reports. Each year samples are tested and new reporters are included in external statistics reporting obligation. Likewise grossing up coefficients are adjusted.
Data is checked before transmission also in the struval/conval Eurostat Validation.
18.5. Data compilation
Data are compiled from different data sources like direct reporting, different surveys related to travel, FISIM estimations. Detailed structure of data source per type of service is shown in table in annex (Data structure of gross flows – credits and debits) data structure-gross flows (debits and credits).docx
See column Estimates to cover non-responses or thresholds issues in annex "data structure-gross flows (debits and credits).docx" in point 18.5
18.6. Adjustment
Procedures for grossing up for non-reporting population (below threshold) regarding ITSS. Target population is set once a year, when supplementary data on rest of the world which is part of balance sheet report is available.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable.
Services Trade by Enterprise Characteristics (STEC) statistics provide information on the types of enterprises engaged in international trade in services and show how enterprises in different industries supply services and how this relates to their primary activity. STEC disclose additional insights into trade statistics, by allowing the profiling of the enterprises according to selected characteristics such as number of employees, type of ownership and economic activity.
A+B - Agriculture, forestry, and fishing; mining and quarrying,
D+E - Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply; water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities,
I+L+O+P+Q+R+S+T+U - Accommodation and food service activities; real estate activities; public administration, defence; compulsory social security; education; human health and social work activities; other services.
· NACE Sections:
C - Manufacturing,
F - Construction,
G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles,
H - Transportation and storage,
J - Information and communication,
K - Financial and insurance activities,
M - Professional, scientific, and technical activities,
N - Administrative and support service activities.
Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others
Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.
Transport
Travel
Construction
Insurance and pension services
Financial services
Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e.
Telecommunications, computer, and information services
Other business services
Research and development services
Professional and management consulting services
Technical, trade-related, and other business services
Personal, cultural and recreational services
Government goods and services, n.i.e.
Enterprise.
The activity breakdown covers NACE sections from A to U.
The product breakdown covers EBOPS 2010 main items.
Slovenia
The reference area describes the geographical area covered by the data disseminated. According to the BOP Vademecum, the reference area is the economic territory, country, or region for which external sector statistics are provided. The country code list follows the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 classification and is a "cross-domain" code list, used also in National Accounts. The codes used for various regional groupings are harmonized across international agencies that use the BOP-DSD.
Calendar year.
Data are part of balance of payments statistics, further broken down by size class, activity and type of ownership. Quality of data is ensured within balance of payments quality procedures and assessed by Eurostat and ECB in their regular quality report exercises.
The data are presented in thousands of Euro.
Data are compiled from different data sources like direct reporting, different surveys related to travel, FISIM estimations. Detailed structure of data source per type of service is shown in table in annex (Data structure of gross flows – credits and debits) data structure-gross flows (debits and credits).docx
Data are prepared in close cooperation between National Statistical Office and Banka Slovenije. NSI provides statistical register data and most of data needed for estimation of travel services, as well as FISIM, whereas Banka Slovenije conducts direct reporting system for services other than travel. Finally database is prepared by Banka Slovenije and sent to National Statistical Office in order to create STEC report with confidentiality attributes. Data are sent to Eurostat by National Statistical Office.
