Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Services Trade by Enterprise Characteristics (STEC) statistics provide information on the types of enterprises engaged in international trade in services and show how enterprises in different industries supply services and how this relates to their primary activity. STEC disclose additional insights into trade statistics, by allowing the profiling of the enterprises according to selected characteristics such as number of employees, type of ownership and economic activity.
A+B - Agriculture, forestry, and fishing; mining and quarrying,
D+E - Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply; water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities,
I+L+O+P+Q+R+S+T+U - Accommodation and food service activities; real estate activities; public administration, defence; compulsory social security; education; human health and social work activities; other services.
· NACE Sections:
C - Manufacturing,
F - Construction,
G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles,
H - Transportation and storage,
J - Information and communication,
K - Financial and insurance activities,
M - Professional, scientific, and technical activities,
N - Administrative and support service activities.
1. Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others
2. Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.
3. Transport
4. Travel
5. Construction
6. Insurance and pension services
7. Financial services
8. Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e.
9. Telecommunications, computer, and information services
10. Other business services
10.1. Research and development services
10.2. Professional and management consulting services
10.3. Technical, trade-related, and other business services
11. Personal, cultural and recreational services
12. Government goods and services, n.i.e.
3.5. Statistical unit
Enterprise.
3.6. Statistical population
The activity breakdown covers NACE sections from A to U.
The product breakdown covers EBOPS 2010 main items.
3.7. Reference area
Poland
3.8. Coverage - Time
2023
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
The data are disseminated by Eurostat in thousands of Euro and reported in national currency.
Calendar year.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics sets the data requirements in the field of services trade by enterprise characteristics for the EU Member States and EFTA countries. The exact technical specifications are listed in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197, table 17 "Country-level business statistics on trade in services by enterprise characteristics (STEC) – annual data".
The variable must be reported annually with first reference year 2022.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Statistics Poland is responsilble for compiling, sharing and disseminating data on international trade in services by enterprise characteristics.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Confidential policy is based on the statistical act: Act of 29 June 1995 on Official Statistics
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Primary confidentiality rules:
A given aggregate cannot be published if it consists of fewer than 3 entities or
A given compilation cannot be published if the share of one entity in that aggregate is greater than 75% of the whole.
8.1. Release calendar
STEC data for reference year 2023 are released on Eurostat and Statistics Poland websites.
STEC data for reference year 2023 are released on Eurostat and Statistics Poland websites.
According to Act on Official Statistics, the official statistics provides equal and simultaneous access to the output statistical information, in particular to the basic values and indicators to all users.
Annual.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Selected activities for business services are published in the annual news release on Statistics Poland website (available in Polish and English) according to the release calendar: Statistics Poland / Latest statistical news / News releases
The European Statistics Code of Practice is applied
11.2. Quality management - assessment
Eurostat assessed the completeness and accessibility of the 2023 dataset by evaluating the proportion of mandatory cells reported and the extent of confidentiality.
All mandatory cells across all tables were fully reported (100%), while approximately 21% of the dataset was flagged as confidential.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
External users: Eurostat, national and international organisations, etc.
STEC data for 2023 as a reference year released on Statistics Poland website do not differ from data transmitted to Eurostat.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Not applicable
12.3. Completeness
All observations required by EBS Regulation were provided to Eurostat on time.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
100%
13.1. Accuracy - overall
STEC data correspond with ITSS and BoP data.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Not applicable
13.3.1. Coverage error
In order to compile STEC data for the entire population of units engaged in international trade in services, in addition to data collected via elelctronic questionnaires, Statistics Poland uses also administrative data and those from Narodowy Bank Polski.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable
13.3.2. Measurement error
Not applicable
13.3.3. Non response error
Not applicable.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
less than 15%
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
less than 8%
13.3.4. Processing error
Not applicable
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable
14.1. Timeliness
The process from data collection, imputation, compilation up to transmission to Eurostat lasted 12 months.
Data are reported not later than 18 months after the end of the reference period (T+18 months).
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Not applicable.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
The process from data collection, imputation, compilation up to transmission to Eurostat lasted 12 months.
14.2. Punctuality
No delays of data transmission to Eurostat.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
No delays of data transmission to Eurostat.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
The comparability across countries is ensured by the implementation of the concepts and definitions set up by the EU legislation and by the application of the complementary guidelines provided by the European business statistics compilers’ manual for international trade in services statistics – trade by enterprise characteristics (STEC).
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
The data comparability is of 2 years, data are reported under Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
2 years
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
STEC data are comparable and consistent with the national ITSS and BoP annual data.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
STEC data correspond with national ITSS and BoP annual data.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable.
15.4. Coherence - internal
Aggregates are always consistent with their main sub-aggregates. Moreover the internal coherence is maintained between the activities applied in all tables by geographical breakdown.
Cost of international trade in services survey, on the basis of which STEC datasets are complied, amounted to 1 384 117 PLN in 2023 according to Statistical survey program of official statistics.
17.1. Data revision - policy
Beyond general revisions (i.e. benchmarkig revision, classifications revisions), no other revisions are planned.
17.2. Data revision - practice
Not applicable
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not applicable.
18.1. Source data
In the process of STEC dataset compilation, the following sources were used: international trade in services statistical survey (the main data source), data compiled by Narodowy Bank Polski (FISIM, FOB adjustments, expenditures incurred by private persons for international transport, VAT MOSS, illegal services, travel, insurance and pension services, government services related to the charge of customs and agricultural duties for the EU institutions) and administrative data.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Quarterly and annually.
18.3. Data collection
The type of questionnaires used in the survey: electronic format, but for microunits the paper format is also possible.
According to Statistical survey program of official statistics for a given year, administrative data and those of Narodowy Bank Polski are provided to Statistics Poland in the agreed scope, timing and frequency.
18.4. Data validation
In the case of statistical surveys, validation rules and checks are applied in the survey information system, moreover compiled final data for a given period are checked in relation to the previous periods. Any doubts regarding the data are clarified by contacting the surveyed unit.
In the process of STEC dataset compilation, validation rules are applied according to Eurostat requirements.
18.5. Data compilation
International trade in services statistical survey combined with administrative data are the main data sources. Morover due to the methodology in the ITS scope, those data are increased by aggregates compiled by Narodowy Bank Polski (FISIM, FOB adjustments, expenditures incurred by private persons for international transport, VAT MOSS, illegal services, travel, insurance and pension services and government services related to the charge of customs and agricultural duties for the EU institutions). For non-response units and those for which data were not collected in the statistical survey, estimation and imputation methods are used.
Dataset of profiled enterprises was used to define the statistical unit "enterprise" and to compile PL STEC data by enterprise characteristics.
Tau-Argus was the tool used to impose statistical confidentiality.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Less than 3%.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable.
No comments.
Services Trade by Enterprise Characteristics (STEC) statistics provide information on the types of enterprises engaged in international trade in services and show how enterprises in different industries supply services and how this relates to their primary activity. STEC disclose additional insights into trade statistics, by allowing the profiling of the enterprises according to selected characteristics such as number of employees, type of ownership and economic activity.
A+B - Agriculture, forestry, and fishing; mining and quarrying,
D+E - Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply; water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities,
I+L+O+P+Q+R+S+T+U - Accommodation and food service activities; real estate activities; public administration, defence; compulsory social security; education; human health and social work activities; other services.
· NACE Sections:
C - Manufacturing,
F - Construction,
G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles,
H - Transportation and storage,
J - Information and communication,
K - Financial and insurance activities,
M - Professional, scientific, and technical activities,
N - Administrative and support service activities.
1. Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others
2. Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.
3. Transport
4. Travel
5. Construction
6. Insurance and pension services
7. Financial services
8. Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e.
9. Telecommunications, computer, and information services
10. Other business services
10.1. Research and development services
10.2. Professional and management consulting services
10.3. Technical, trade-related, and other business services
11. Personal, cultural and recreational services
12. Government goods and services, n.i.e.
Enterprise.
The activity breakdown covers NACE sections from A to U.
The product breakdown covers EBOPS 2010 main items.
Poland
Calendar year.
STEC data correspond with ITSS and BoP data.
The data are disseminated by Eurostat in thousands of Euro and reported in national currency.
International trade in services statistical survey combined with administrative data are the main data sources. Morover due to the methodology in the ITS scope, those data are increased by aggregates compiled by Narodowy Bank Polski (FISIM, FOB adjustments, expenditures incurred by private persons for international transport, VAT MOSS, illegal services, travel, insurance and pension services and government services related to the charge of customs and agricultural duties for the EU institutions). For non-response units and those for which data were not collected in the statistical survey, estimation and imputation methods are used.
Dataset of profiled enterprises was used to define the statistical unit "enterprise" and to compile PL STEC data by enterprise characteristics.
Tau-Argus was the tool used to impose statistical confidentiality.
In the process of STEC dataset compilation, the following sources were used: international trade in services statistical survey (the main data source), data compiled by Narodowy Bank Polski (FISIM, FOB adjustments, expenditures incurred by private persons for international transport, VAT MOSS, illegal services, travel, insurance and pension services, government services related to the charge of customs and agricultural duties for the EU institutions) and administrative data.
Annual.
The process from data collection, imputation, compilation up to transmission to Eurostat lasted 12 months.
Data are reported not later than 18 months after the end of the reference period (T+18 months).
The comparability across countries is ensured by the implementation of the concepts and definitions set up by the EU legislation and by the application of the complementary guidelines provided by the European business statistics compilers’ manual for international trade in services statistics – trade by enterprise characteristics (STEC).
The data comparability is of 2 years, data are reported under Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics.
