Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Statistics on international supply of services (ISS) by modes of supply (MoS) show how and where services are supplied internationally, namely by answering the question of 'how' services are exchanged across countries and 'where' services are supplied to foreign customers. Detailed information on international supply of services statistics by services category, mode of supply and partner country help policymakers carry out the ongoing and future trade negotiating agenda with facts and strong, evidence-based arguments and they allow to monitor the impact of services trade agreements.
The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), the first multilateral agreement to cover trade in services, defines trade in services as the supply of a service through any of four modes of supply, outlined in the bullet points below.
Mode 1 - cross-border supply: from the territory of one country into the territory of another country;
Mode 2 - consumption abroad: in the territory of one country to the service consumer of another country;
Mode 3 - commercial presence: by a service supplier of one country, through a commercial presence in the territory of another country. The FATS framework is designed to provide information on the activities of enterprises located in foreign markets;
Mode 4 - presence of natural persons: by a service supplier of one country, through the presence of natural persons of that country in the territory of any other country.
Total international supply of services (total of modes 1, 2, 3 and 4)
Mode 1 (‘cross border transactions’),
Mode 2 (‘consumption abroad’),
Mode 3 (‘commercial presence’), and
Mode 4 (‘presence of natural persons’).
3.5. Statistical unit
Not applicable.
3.6. Statistical population
Total international supply of services by all four modes of supply.
3.7. Reference area
Poland
3.8. Coverage - Time
2023
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
Data are reported in national currency (thousands).
Eurostat disseminates data in million euro.
Calendar year.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics sets the data requirements in the field of international supply of services by modes for the EU Member States and EFTA countries. The exact technical specifications are listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197. The requirements concerning the MoS domain are defined in table 38 "Statistics on international activities – International Supply of Services by Mode of Supply – annual data" of the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197. The variable must be reported annually with first reference year 2023.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Not applicable.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Confidential policy is based on the statistical act: Act of 29 June 1995 on Official Statistics
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Primary confidentiality rules:
- a given aggregate cannot be published if it consists of fewer than 3 entities or
- a given compilation cannot be published if the share of one entity in that aggregate is greater than 75% of the whole.
8.1. Release calendar
MoS data for reference year 2023 are released on Eurostat and Statistics Poland websites.
MoS data for reference year 2023 are released on Eurostat and Statistics Poland websites.
According to Act on Official Statistics, the official statistics provides equal and simultaneous access to the output statistical information, in particular to the basic values and indicators to all users.
Annual.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Not applicable
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Not applicable
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
Not applicable
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not applicable.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Not applicable
10.5. Dissemination format - other
tabular form in Excel format for final and provisional data for 2023:
The European Statistics Code of Practice is applied
11.2. Quality management - assessment
Not applicable for the first reference year.
In general, according to the information available from the quality reports, the data providers have applied the recommendations available in the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
External users: Eurostat, national and international organisations.
MoS data for 2023 as a reference year released on Statistics Poland website do not differ from data transmitted to Eurostat.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Not applicable
12.3. Completeness
All observations required by EBS Regulation were provided to Eurostat on time.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
100%
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Very good.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Not applicable
13.3.1. Coverage error
Not applicable
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable
13.3.2. Measurement error
Not applicable
13.3.3. Non response error
13%
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
13%
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.4. Processing error
Not applicable
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable
14.1. Timeliness
Provisional data (T+10 months): the process from data collection, imputation and compilation up to the transmission to Eurostat for modes 1,2 and 4 lasted 5 months.
Final data (T+22 months): the process from data collection, imputation, compilation up to transmission to Eurostat for modes 1, 2,3, 4 and total lasted 17 months.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Provisional data (T+10 months): the process from data collection, imputation and compilation up to the transmission to Eurostat for modes 1,2 and 4 lasted 5 months.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Final data (T+22 months): the process from data collection, imputation, compilation up to transmission to Eurostat for modes 1, 2,3, 4 and total lasted 17 months.
14.2. Punctuality
No delays of data transmission to Eurostat.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
No delays of data transmission to Eurostat.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Comparability - geographical
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
MoS data is available from ref.year 2023 and there is no break in time series.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
MoS data is available from ref.year 2023 and there is no break in time series.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable.
15.4. Coherence - internal
Aggregates are always consistent with their main sub-aggregates.
Cost of international trade in services survey, on the basis of which MoS datasets are complied, amounted to 1 464 117 PLN in 2023 according to Statistical survey program of official statistics.
17.1. Data revision - policy
Beyond general revisions (i.e. benchmarking revisions) and the data compilation schedule for all modes of supply, no other revisions are planned.
Provisional data for modes 1, 2 and 4 (sent T+10 months) were revised and resent with the final data (T+22 months).
17.2. Data revision - practice
Revisions result from the availability of FATS data sourced.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
The average % of MoS 1, 2 and 4 provisional data revision accounted for less than 10%
18.1. Source data
Provisional data (T+10 monts): in the process of MoS dataset compilation, the following sources were used: international trade in services statistical survey (the main data source), data compiled by Narodowy Bank Polski (FISIM, FOB adjustments, expenditures incurred by private persons for international transport, VAT MOSS, illegal services, travel, insurance and pension services, government services related to the charge of customs and agricultural duties for the EU institutions) and administrative data.
Final data (T+22 months): in the process of MoS dataset compilation, the following sources were used: international trade in services statistical survey (the main data source), data compiled by Narodowy Bank Polski (FISIM, FOB adjustments, expenditures incurred by private persons for international transport, VAT MOSS, illegal services, travel, insurance and pension services, government services related to the charge of customs and agricultural duties for the EU institutions), international trade in goods, FATS data and administrative data.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Data from the international trade in services statistical survey (the main data source) are collected quarterly and annually.
18.3. Data collection
The type of questionnaires used in the survey: electronic format, but for microunits the paper format is also possible.
All information on scope, timing and frequency for all data sources used in the process of MoS dataset compilation are provided in Statistical survey program of official statistics for a given year.
18.4. Data validation
In the case of statistical surveys, validation rules and checks are applied in the survey information system, moreover compiled final data for a given period are checked in relation to the previous periods. Any doubts regarding the data are clarified by contacting the surveyed unit.
In the process of MoS dataset compilation, validation rules are applied according to Eurostat requirements.
18.5. Data compilation
International trade in services statistical survey combined with administrative data are the main data sources. Moreover due to the methodology of the ITS scope, those data are increased by aggregates compiled by Narodowy Bank Polski (FISIM, FOB adjustments, expenditures incurred by private persons for international transport, VAT MOSS, illegal services, travel, insurance and pension services and government services related to the charge of customs and agricultural duties for the EU institutions). For non-response units and those for which data were not collected in the statistical survey, estimation and imputation methods are used.
For compilation mode 3 and final data (T+22 months), international trade in goods and FATS data were used according to the methodology required by dedicated manuals.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Less than 10%.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable.
no comments
Statistics on international supply of services (ISS) by modes of supply (MoS) show how and where services are supplied internationally, namely by answering the question of 'how' services are exchanged across countries and 'where' services are supplied to foreign customers. Detailed information on international supply of services statistics by services category, mode of supply and partner country help policymakers carry out the ongoing and future trade negotiating agenda with facts and strong, evidence-based arguments and they allow to monitor the impact of services trade agreements.
The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), the first multilateral agreement to cover trade in services, defines trade in services as the supply of a service through any of four modes of supply, outlined in the bullet points below.
Mode 1 - cross-border supply: from the territory of one country into the territory of another country;
Mode 2 - consumption abroad: in the territory of one country to the service consumer of another country;
Mode 3 - commercial presence: by a service supplier of one country, through a commercial presence in the territory of another country. The FATS framework is designed to provide information on the activities of enterprises located in foreign markets;
Mode 4 - presence of natural persons: by a service supplier of one country, through the presence of natural persons of that country in the territory of any other country.
Total international supply of services (total of modes 1, 2, 3 and 4)
Mode 1 (‘cross border transactions’),
Mode 2 (‘consumption abroad’),
Mode 3 (‘commercial presence’), and
Mode 4 (‘presence of natural persons’).
Not applicable.
Total international supply of services by all four modes of supply.
Poland
Calendar year.
Very good.
Data are reported in national currency (thousands).
Eurostat disseminates data in million euro.
International trade in services statistical survey combined with administrative data are the main data sources. Moreover due to the methodology of the ITS scope, those data are increased by aggregates compiled by Narodowy Bank Polski (FISIM, FOB adjustments, expenditures incurred by private persons for international transport, VAT MOSS, illegal services, travel, insurance and pension services and government services related to the charge of customs and agricultural duties for the EU institutions). For non-response units and those for which data were not collected in the statistical survey, estimation and imputation methods are used.
For compilation mode 3 and final data (T+22 months), international trade in goods and FATS data were used according to the methodology required by dedicated manuals.
Provisional data (T+10 monts): in the process of MoS dataset compilation, the following sources were used: international trade in services statistical survey (the main data source), data compiled by Narodowy Bank Polski (FISIM, FOB adjustments, expenditures incurred by private persons for international transport, VAT MOSS, illegal services, travel, insurance and pension services, government services related to the charge of customs and agricultural duties for the EU institutions) and administrative data.
Final data (T+22 months): in the process of MoS dataset compilation, the following sources were used: international trade in services statistical survey (the main data source), data compiled by Narodowy Bank Polski (FISIM, FOB adjustments, expenditures incurred by private persons for international transport, VAT MOSS, illegal services, travel, insurance and pension services, government services related to the charge of customs and agricultural duties for the EU institutions), international trade in goods, FATS data and administrative data.
Annual.
Provisional data (T+10 months): the process from data collection, imputation and compilation up to the transmission to Eurostat for modes 1,2 and 4 lasted 5 months.
Final data (T+22 months): the process from data collection, imputation, compilation up to transmission to Eurostat for modes 1, 2,3, 4 and total lasted 17 months.
Comparability - geographical
MoS data is available from ref.year 2023 and there is no break in time series.
