Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
[4D1_G4] Eurostat - Trade in services; globalisation
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
26 March 2025
2.2. Metadata last posted
8 April 2024
2.3. Metadata last update
26 March 2025
3.1. Data description
Statistics on international supply of services (ISS) by modes of supply (MoS) show how and where services are supplied internationally, namely by answering the question of 'how' services are exchanged across countries and 'where' services are supplied to foreign customers. Detailed information on international supply of services statistics by services category, mode of supply and partner country help policymakers carry out the ongoing and future trade negotiating agenda with facts and strong, evidence-based arguments. ISS data allow to monitor the impact of services trade agreements.
The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), the first multilateral agreement to cover trade in services, defines trade in services as the supply of a service through any of the four modes of supply:
Mode 1 - cross-border supply: from the territory of one country into the territory of another country;
Mode 2 - consumption abroad: in the territory of one country to the service consumer of another country;
Mode 3 - commercial presence: by a service supplier of one country, through a commercial presence in the territory of another country. The FATS framework is designed to provide information on the activities of enterprises located in foreign markets;
Mode 4 - presence of natural persons: by a service supplier of one country, through the presence of natural persons of that country in the territory of any other country.
Total international supply of services (total of modes 1, 2, 3 and 4)
Mode 1 (‘cross border transactions’),
Mode 2 (‘consumption abroad’),
Mode 3 (‘commercial presence’), and
Mode 4 (‘presence of natural persons’).
3.5. Statistical unit
Not applicable
3.6. Statistical population
Total international supply of services by all four modes of supply.
3.7. Reference area
The data currently cover the European Union, EU Member States, and Norway. Two EU MSs have a derogation for the first three years of implementation (Cyprus and Slovakia). Data for this two countries are estimated by Eurostat and added to the EU aggregate.
In terms of partner country the geographical breakdown covers Geo level 5 as defined in an implementing act in accordance with Article 7(1)(d) of Regulation (EU) 2019/2152.
3.8. Coverage - Time
The first reference year for data reporting is 2023.
The first official data transmission for reference year 2023 for modes 1,2 and 4 took place in October 2024 and for mode 3 and totals in October 2025.
Historical years (prior to 2023) are transmitted on a voluntary basis, and might not have the same coverage/quality.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable
Countries report data to Eurostat in national currency (thousands).
Eurostat disseminates data in million euro.
Calendar year.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics sets the data requirements in the field of international supply of services by modes for the EU Member States and EFTA countries. The exact technical specifications are listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197. The requirements concerning the MoS domain are defined in table 38 "Statistics on international activities – International Supply of Services by Mode of Supply – annual data" of the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197.
The variable must be reported annually with first reference year 2023.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Not applicable
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society.
Member States have the option to flag part of their data as confidential; this action represents the primary confidentiality. Whenever a country choses to apply the primary confidentiality in their data, cells are flagged as confidential (using the C flag). Countries should also flag cells with secondary confidentiality flag (D flag), to protect against the indirect disclosure of primary confidential cells. Eurostat performs additional secondary confidentiality checks on transmitted data for verification purposes and to ensure the publication of the EU aggregates. Suggested modifications are communicated and agreed with the countries concerned.
Not applicable for the first reference year (2023).
In general, according to the information available from the quality reports, the data providers have applied the recommendations available in the EU Regulations.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
The main users of MoS data are EU Commission policy DGs, scientists, business and citizens. The data users are regularly consulted to identify unfulfilled user needs.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
An indicator of the usefulness of MoS data is the number of downloads of MoS tables from the Eurostat website and the page views of the dedicated web section.
The number of downloads will be updated in due time.
12.3. Completeness
The official MoS data submissions will take place in October 2024 (modes 1,2 and 4) and in October 2025 (mode 3 and totals) for reference year 2023.
The dessiminated data for earlier reference years are based on voluntary data transmissions from the countries.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
Not applicable.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
The Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics gives the data providers the choice of data sources. Eurostat validates the MoS data transmitted by the countries for their consistency and plausibility.
The structural and content validations of the transmitted data sets are authomatically checked in the Eurostat's data transmission program EDAMIS (a tool used for delivery of data to Eurostat) via the automatic validation process performed with tools, called Struval and Conval.
If any problems (e.g. inconsistencies or omissions) are detected during the data processing/validation, Eurostat contacts the relevant country for verification of the figures and/or confirmation of the introduced corrections/updates.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Not applicable.
13.3.1. Coverage error
Not applicable.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Not applicable.
13.3.3. Non response error
Not applicable.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.4. Processing error
Not applicable.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable.
14.1. Timeliness
Annual MoS data for the modes 1,2 and 4 are reported 10 months after the end of the reference period and 22 months after the end of the reference period for mode 3 and totals.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Not applicable.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Not applicable.
14.2. Punctuality
Countries must transmit final date to Eurostat 10 months after the end of the reference period (T) for modes 1,2 and 4 and 22 months after the end of the reference period for mode 3 and totals.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
To assess the inter-temporal comparability of MoS data, it should be investigated whether the same concepts and methods were applied. In case data are not comparable there might be a break in time series.
The source data are generally considered highly comparable over time.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Not applicable.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable.
15.4. Coherence - internal
The internal consistency of the data (links between variables and coherence between data series) are checked by Eurostat before dissemination.
In between Eurostat releases, countries may revise their figures.
Article 4 of the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 stipulates that, in producing European statistics, Member States may use any relevant data sources while avoiding excessive burden on respondents and taking due account of the cost-effectiveness of the national statistical authority. Furthermore, Article 5 states that the national statistical authorities shall have the right to access and use, promptly and free of charge, all administrative records, and to integrate those records with other data sources, so as to meet the statistical requirements of the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152. Both articles are central as they set the basis for supporting cost-effectiveness and reducing unnecessary burden on respondents. SBS is a statistical domain that has a relatively low response burden. It is an annual data collection, administrative data are widely used, and various variables can directly be taken from the annual company reports.
17.1. Data revision - policy
To further specify the general Eurostat revision policy, the following revision policy has been established for the domain. Iinternational supply of services (ISS) data by modes of supply (MoS) are derived from the International trade in services (ITS) and Foreign controlled EU enterprises (FATS) domains. Thus the revisions of the MoS data are likely to be impacted from any revisions performed on the source data.
More details on the ITS revisions are available in the reference metadata file and in the BoP Vademecum, section 4.1. Timetable and revision policy.
All reported errors (once validated) result in corrections of the disseminated data. Reported errors are corrected in the disseminated data as soon as the correct data have been validated.
Data may be published even if they are missing for certain countries (in these cases Eurostat estimates the missing data) or flagged as provisional or of low reliability for certain countries. They are replaced with final data with the publication of next reference period. European aggregates are updated accordingly for consistency with new country data.
Whenever new data are provided and validated, the already disseminated data are updated during the next regular production cycle. The EU aggregates are revised in view of such ‘spontaneous’ updates.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not applicable.
18.1. Source data
Every year the national statistical authorities provide Eurostat with data according to a defined requierements stipulated in the respective legal acts. Methods used for the collection and compilation of statistics differ among countries. In general, the main data sources are ITSS, FATS, SBS, TEC, and dedicated enterprise surveys.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annual.
18.3. Data collection
The MoS model uses data from ITSS (based on the EBOPS services classification) and FATS (based on the activities of the affiliates, reported according to the NACE classification). The estimations are complemented with other data sources (such as tourism statistics, trade by enterprise characteristics (TEC), services trade by enterprise characteristics (STEC) and structural business statistics (SBS)). The model allocates each EBOPS item in one or more modes.
18.4. Data validation
At Eurostat level data are validated before publishing. Eurostat runs a number of checks to all data received from the reporting countries:
verify the plausibility of the data (e.g. the development of time series),
the internal consistency of the data sets (aggregates should match the sum of the sub-items),
the MoS totals are also checked if they agree with the corresponding ITSS and FATS totals,
it is verified if the data correspond to data already disseminated by the same country on a national level.
18.5. Data compilation
The European business statistics compilers guide for European statistics on international supply of services by mode of supply (2023 edition)describes how the ISS by modes could be estimated using already available data and empowering the Eurostat-WTO model.
The Eurostat-WTO model is an operational version of the MSITS 2010 simplified approach; it can be used to produce first estimates on the international supply of services based on existing statistics. In most countries already available international trade in services (ITS) and foreign affiliates (FATS) data are used. The model uses data from ITSS (based on the EBOPS services classification) and FATS (based on the activities of the affiliates, reported according to the NACE classification). The estimations are complemented with other data sources (such as tourism statistics, trade by enterprise characteristics (TEC), services trade by enterprise characteristics (STEC) and structural business statistics (SBS). The model allocates each EBOPS item in one or more modes. As a first step, several adjustments are needed for certain items: (e.g. travel, construction and government goods and services items are adjusted by removing the value of goods, and distribution services traded through mode 1 are estimated). Each EBOPS item is then assigned to one or more modes based on the MSITS 2010 suggestions and an expert assessment of how specific service items are most likely to be supplied to consumers.
Several countries have fine-tuned the model to their economic reality, by further evidence from surveys or companies' interviews.
According to the compilation methodology for estimating the modes of supply under the ISS, the values of the goods in the EBOPS items Maintenance and repair (SB, on a voluntary bases), Travel (SD), Construction (SE) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL) must be decucted from the respective ITS items and the distribution services must be estimated and added to mode one.
For the first reference year under the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics (reference year 2023) not all countries managed to make the above adjustments in the source ITS data.
Country code
Country name
Distribution services included in mode 1
Goods values excluded
AT
Austria
Yes
No
BE
Belgium
Yes
No
BG
Bulgaria
Yes
No
CY
Cyprus
Derogation
CZ
Czech
No
No
DE
Germany
Yes
Yes
An estimate of the goods values included in some EBOPS items (Maintenance and repair (SB), Travel (SD), Construction (SE) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL)) has been excluded/subtracted.
DK
Denmark
Yes
No
EE
Estonia
No
No
ES
Spain
Yes
Yes
Spain has removed the share of goods from selected EBOPS items: Maintenance and repair, Travel, Construction and Government goods and services n.i.e.
With the QITSS questionnaire respondents were directly asked for the share of goods on Maintenance and repair, Construction and Government goods and services n.i.e.
For Travel item, the removal of goods value is made indirectly through the information gathered by EGATUR and ETR (basic sources used in the estimation of BoP_Travel item) on the share of expenditure for goods to total tourist expenditure.
FI
Finland
Yes
Yes
The goods values are excluded from the EBOPS item Travel (SD).
FR
France
Yes
Yes
Goods included in Travel services and Government goods and services n.i.e. are currently not excluded from total international supply of services.
Concerning the goods included in Construction services, the estimation is the result of an ad hoc survey in which the biggest French companies were asked about the part of goods included in the construction services they declare for the balance of payments.
GR
Greece
Yes
Yes
An estimate of the goods values included in some EBOPS items (Maintenance and repair (SB), Travel (SD), Construction (SE) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL)) has been excluded/subtracted.
HR
Croatia
Yes
Yes
Travel (SD) and Construction (SE) are adjusted for the estimated value of goods included under EBOPS items.
Maintenance and repair (SB) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL) services are not adjusted for the value of goods reported under EBOPS items.
HU
Hungary
No
No
IE
Ireland
Yes
No
IT
Italy
No
Yes
An estimate of the goods value only for Travel (SD) has been subtracted. In particular, Italy did not subtract the full goods value, but 85% of this by attributing to 15% the value of the distribution services that must remain inside.
LT
Lithuania
Yes
Yes
The goods value was eliminated from Travel (SD) and Construction (SE) items, for Maintenance and repair (SB) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL), the goods value has been retained as it is considered negligible.
LU
Luxembourg
Yes
Yes
An estimate of the goods value for Travel (SD) has been subtracted, using Tourism Satellite Accounts to determine the percentage. For construction services (SE), the percentage is considered to be insignificant.
LV
Latvia
Yes
Yes
An estimate of the goods values included in some EBOPS items (Maintenance and repair (SB), Travel (SD), Construction (SE) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL)) has been excluded/subtracted.
MT
Malta
No information
No information
NL
Netherlands
Yes
Yes
The goods value included in some EBOPS items, specifically for construction services and travel, have been accounted for.
For Construction services (SE), multiple data sources were analyzed and it was estimated that 19% of the total trade value of construction in regular ITSS originates from the value of goods/services acquired in the country where the project is carried out. This corresponding trade value has been excluded from the construction item.
For Travel (SD), the estimation of the goods component is based on multiple data sources and assumptions, with specific percentages allocated to cross-border workers, seasonal workers, students, and tourists. Surveys and existing studies are used to determine spending patterns. The analyses for the travel component align with the Dutch methodology described in Section 13.2.3 of the MoS Compilers Guide, with updated information incorporated into the estimates for the goods component.
For Maintenance and repair services (SB) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL), no goods value has been estimated or subtracted.
NO
Norway
No
No
PL
Poland
No
Yes
The values of goods iwere deducted from the ITS values of Travel (SD) and Construction services (SE). All recommended adjustments to ITS data will be applied in the final MoS data.
PT
Portugal
Yes
Yes
Portugal has exclude the goods value which is included in the EBOPS items Travel (SD), Construction (SE) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL).
The goods value for Maintenance and repair (SB) was not single out, as it is considered negligible in most cases.
RO
Romania
No
No
SE
Sweden
Yes
Yes
An estimate of the goods values included in some EBOPS items (Maintenance and repair (SB), Travel (SD), Construction (SE) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL)) has been excluded/subtracted.
Regarding Government goods and services n.i.e (SL), the exclusion of the goods value is handled in accordance with the Eurostat-WTO model.
SI
Slovenia
No
Yes
The goods values are excluded from the EBOPS item Travel (SD).
SK
Slovakia
Derogation
Eurostat compiles the aggregated EU figures by consolidating the EU Member States' transactions vis-à-vis non-residents of the EU.
Monetary characteristics of the different countries are converted to and/or rounded to million of euro.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable
Not applicable.
Statistics on international supply of services (ISS) by modes of supply (MoS) show how and where services are supplied internationally, namely by answering the question of 'how' services are exchanged across countries and 'where' services are supplied to foreign customers. Detailed information on international supply of services statistics by services category, mode of supply and partner country help policymakers carry out the ongoing and future trade negotiating agenda with facts and strong, evidence-based arguments. ISS data allow to monitor the impact of services trade agreements.
The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), the first multilateral agreement to cover trade in services, defines trade in services as the supply of a service through any of the four modes of supply:
Mode 1 - cross-border supply: from the territory of one country into the territory of another country;
Mode 2 - consumption abroad: in the territory of one country to the service consumer of another country;
Mode 3 - commercial presence: by a service supplier of one country, through a commercial presence in the territory of another country. The FATS framework is designed to provide information on the activities of enterprises located in foreign markets;
Mode 4 - presence of natural persons: by a service supplier of one country, through the presence of natural persons of that country in the territory of any other country.
Total international supply of services (total of modes 1, 2, 3 and 4)
Mode 1 (‘cross border transactions’),
Mode 2 (‘consumption abroad’),
Mode 3 (‘commercial presence’), and
Mode 4 (‘presence of natural persons’).
Not applicable
Total international supply of services by all four modes of supply.
The data currently cover the European Union, EU Member States, and Norway. Two EU MSs have a derogation for the first three years of implementation (Cyprus and Slovakia). Data for this two countries are estimated by Eurostat and added to the EU aggregate.
In terms of partner country the geographical breakdown covers Geo level 5 as defined in an implementing act in accordance with Article 7(1)(d) of Regulation (EU) 2019/2152.
Calendar year.
The Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics gives the data providers the choice of data sources. Eurostat validates the MoS data transmitted by the countries for their consistency and plausibility.
The structural and content validations of the transmitted data sets are authomatically checked in the Eurostat's data transmission program EDAMIS (a tool used for delivery of data to Eurostat) via the automatic validation process performed with tools, called Struval and Conval.
If any problems (e.g. inconsistencies or omissions) are detected during the data processing/validation, Eurostat contacts the relevant country for verification of the figures and/or confirmation of the introduced corrections/updates.
Countries report data to Eurostat in national currency (thousands).
Eurostat disseminates data in million euro.
The European business statistics compilers guide for European statistics on international supply of services by mode of supply (2023 edition)describes how the ISS by modes could be estimated using already available data and empowering the Eurostat-WTO model.
The Eurostat-WTO model is an operational version of the MSITS 2010 simplified approach; it can be used to produce first estimates on the international supply of services based on existing statistics. In most countries already available international trade in services (ITS) and foreign affiliates (FATS) data are used. The model uses data from ITSS (based on the EBOPS services classification) and FATS (based on the activities of the affiliates, reported according to the NACE classification). The estimations are complemented with other data sources (such as tourism statistics, trade by enterprise characteristics (TEC), services trade by enterprise characteristics (STEC) and structural business statistics (SBS). The model allocates each EBOPS item in one or more modes. As a first step, several adjustments are needed for certain items: (e.g. travel, construction and government goods and services items are adjusted by removing the value of goods, and distribution services traded through mode 1 are estimated). Each EBOPS item is then assigned to one or more modes based on the MSITS 2010 suggestions and an expert assessment of how specific service items are most likely to be supplied to consumers.
Several countries have fine-tuned the model to their economic reality, by further evidence from surveys or companies' interviews.
According to the compilation methodology for estimating the modes of supply under the ISS, the values of the goods in the EBOPS items Maintenance and repair (SB, on a voluntary bases), Travel (SD), Construction (SE) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL) must be decucted from the respective ITS items and the distribution services must be estimated and added to mode one.
For the first reference year under the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics (reference year 2023) not all countries managed to make the above adjustments in the source ITS data.
Country code
Country name
Distribution services included in mode 1
Goods values excluded
AT
Austria
Yes
No
BE
Belgium
Yes
No
BG
Bulgaria
Yes
No
CY
Cyprus
Derogation
CZ
Czech
No
No
DE
Germany
Yes
Yes
An estimate of the goods values included in some EBOPS items (Maintenance and repair (SB), Travel (SD), Construction (SE) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL)) has been excluded/subtracted.
DK
Denmark
Yes
No
EE
Estonia
No
No
ES
Spain
Yes
Yes
Spain has removed the share of goods from selected EBOPS items: Maintenance and repair, Travel, Construction and Government goods and services n.i.e.
With the QITSS questionnaire respondents were directly asked for the share of goods on Maintenance and repair, Construction and Government goods and services n.i.e.
For Travel item, the removal of goods value is made indirectly through the information gathered by EGATUR and ETR (basic sources used in the estimation of BoP_Travel item) on the share of expenditure for goods to total tourist expenditure.
FI
Finland
Yes
Yes
The goods values are excluded from the EBOPS item Travel (SD).
FR
France
Yes
Yes
Goods included in Travel services and Government goods and services n.i.e. are currently not excluded from total international supply of services.
Concerning the goods included in Construction services, the estimation is the result of an ad hoc survey in which the biggest French companies were asked about the part of goods included in the construction services they declare for the balance of payments.
GR
Greece
Yes
Yes
An estimate of the goods values included in some EBOPS items (Maintenance and repair (SB), Travel (SD), Construction (SE) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL)) has been excluded/subtracted.
HR
Croatia
Yes
Yes
Travel (SD) and Construction (SE) are adjusted for the estimated value of goods included under EBOPS items.
Maintenance and repair (SB) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL) services are not adjusted for the value of goods reported under EBOPS items.
HU
Hungary
No
No
IE
Ireland
Yes
No
IT
Italy
No
Yes
An estimate of the goods value only for Travel (SD) has been subtracted. In particular, Italy did not subtract the full goods value, but 85% of this by attributing to 15% the value of the distribution services that must remain inside.
LT
Lithuania
Yes
Yes
The goods value was eliminated from Travel (SD) and Construction (SE) items, for Maintenance and repair (SB) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL), the goods value has been retained as it is considered negligible.
LU
Luxembourg
Yes
Yes
An estimate of the goods value for Travel (SD) has been subtracted, using Tourism Satellite Accounts to determine the percentage. For construction services (SE), the percentage is considered to be insignificant.
LV
Latvia
Yes
Yes
An estimate of the goods values included in some EBOPS items (Maintenance and repair (SB), Travel (SD), Construction (SE) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL)) has been excluded/subtracted.
MT
Malta
No information
No information
NL
Netherlands
Yes
Yes
The goods value included in some EBOPS items, specifically for construction services and travel, have been accounted for.
For Construction services (SE), multiple data sources were analyzed and it was estimated that 19% of the total trade value of construction in regular ITSS originates from the value of goods/services acquired in the country where the project is carried out. This corresponding trade value has been excluded from the construction item.
For Travel (SD), the estimation of the goods component is based on multiple data sources and assumptions, with specific percentages allocated to cross-border workers, seasonal workers, students, and tourists. Surveys and existing studies are used to determine spending patterns. The analyses for the travel component align with the Dutch methodology described in Section 13.2.3 of the MoS Compilers Guide, with updated information incorporated into the estimates for the goods component.
For Maintenance and repair services (SB) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL), no goods value has been estimated or subtracted.
NO
Norway
No
No
PL
Poland
No
Yes
The values of goods iwere deducted from the ITS values of Travel (SD) and Construction services (SE). All recommended adjustments to ITS data will be applied in the final MoS data.
PT
Portugal
Yes
Yes
Portugal has exclude the goods value which is included in the EBOPS items Travel (SD), Construction (SE) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL).
The goods value for Maintenance and repair (SB) was not single out, as it is considered negligible in most cases.
RO
Romania
No
No
SE
Sweden
Yes
Yes
An estimate of the goods values included in some EBOPS items (Maintenance and repair (SB), Travel (SD), Construction (SE) and Government goods and services n.i.e (SL)) has been excluded/subtracted.
Regarding Government goods and services n.i.e (SL), the exclusion of the goods value is handled in accordance with the Eurostat-WTO model.
SI
Slovenia
No
Yes
The goods values are excluded from the EBOPS item Travel (SD).
SK
Slovakia
Derogation
Eurostat compiles the aggregated EU figures by consolidating the EU Member States' transactions vis-à-vis non-residents of the EU.
Every year the national statistical authorities provide Eurostat with data according to a defined requierements stipulated in the respective legal acts. Methods used for the collection and compilation of statistics differ among countries. In general, the main data sources are ITSS, FATS, SBS, TEC, and dedicated enterprise surveys.
Annual.
Annual MoS data for the modes 1,2 and 4 are reported 10 months after the end of the reference period and 22 months after the end of the reference period for mode 3 and totals.
To assess the inter-temporal comparability of MoS data, it should be investigated whether the same concepts and methods were applied. In case data are not comparable there might be a break in time series.
The source data are generally considered highly comparable over time.
