Central Statisical Bureau of Latvia

Environment and Energy Statistics Section, Agricultural and Environmental Statistics Department

Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia, Lāčplēša iela 1, Rīga, LV-1010

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) is one module of the European environmental-economic accounts - Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI. PEFA record the flows of energy (in terajoules) from the environment to the economy (natural inputs), within the economy (products), and from the economy back to the environment (residuals), using the accounting framework of physical supply and use tables.

PEFA provide information on energy flows arranged in a way fully compatible with concepts, principles, and classifications of national accounts – thus enabling integrated analyses of environmental, energy and economic issues e.g. through environmental-economic modelling. PEFA complement the traditional energy statistics, balances and derived indicators which are the main reference data source for EU energy policies.

This national metadata refers to the PEFA questionnaire delivered to Eurostat: data on supply (table A), use (table B), transformation use (table B1), end use (table B2) and emission-relevant use (table C), key indicators of physical energy flow accounts by NACE Rev. 2 activity (table D), and physical energy flow accounts totals bridging to energy balances totals (table E).

The PEFA questionnaire is available on Eurostat's website: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/environment/methodology

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) datasets have the following dimensions:

1. Supply and use tables (STK_FLOW): the elements of this dimension are the five tables detailing energy supply (questionnaire table A) and use; the total energy use (table B) is the sum of transformation use (table B1) and end use (table B2), and a certain part of it is emission relevant (table C).
2. Energy product (PROD_NRG): (not relevant for questionnaire table D and E) The flows of energy recorded in PEFA are broadly grouped into natural energy inputs (flows from environment to economy), energy products (flows within economy), and energy residuals (flows from economy to environment mainly). Each of these generic groups is further broken down. In total this dimension distinguishes 31 items which are regulated in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/172.
3. Classification of economic activities - NACE Rev.2 (NACE_R2): (not relevant for questionnaire table E) The supply and use of energy flows is broken down by NACE classification of economic activities. The aggregation level used is A*64 (i.e. 64 branches), fully compatible with ESA supply and use tables. Furthermore, this dimension includes private households, accumulation (e.g. product inventories), the rest of the world economy for imports and exports, and the environment.
4. Indicators (INDIC_PEFA): (only relevant for questionnaire tables D and E): Various key indicators that can be derived from the physical supply and use tables and so-called 'bridging-items' which present the various elements explaining the differences between the national totals as reported by PEFA vis-a-vis the national totals as reported by Eurostat's energy balances.
5. Geopolitical entity (GEO): EU Member States, EFTA countries, candidate countries, and potential candidates. 
6. Period of time (TIME): Energy flow data are annual.
7. Unit (UNIT): Energy flows are reported in Terajoules.

The data set covers the entire national economy as defined in national accounts (ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04), as well as its physical relation to economies in the rest of the world and the environment.

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) are conceptually rooted in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) which is an international statistical standard. The SEEA central framework provides standard concepts, definitions, classifications, accounting rules and tables for the provision of statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy.
PEFA constitute satellite accounts to the National Accounts (NA). Hence, the statistical concepts and definitions of PEFA are derived from those of NA.
As far as applicable PEFA is also compliant with the statistical concepts and definitions internationally established for energy statistics: the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES).
Three concepts are essential to PEFA:
1) The concept of three generic types of energy flows as established in SEEA, namely:
a) natural energy inputs: flows from the natural environment into the economy such as fossil energy carriers in solid, liquid and gaseous form, biomass, solar radiation, kinetic energy in form of hydro and wind, geothermal heat etc.;
b) energy products: output flows from production processes as defined in national accounts (ESA); typically products produced by extractive industries, refineries, power plants etc.;
c) energy residuals: mainly energy in form of dissipative heat arising from the end use of energy products, flowing from the economy into the natural environment.
2) The accounting framework of (physical) supply and use tables as established in NA and SEEA;
3) The residence principle as established in NA and SEEA, i.e. PEFA records energy flows related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.

Data refer to activities of resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA), including households.

The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA); i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units (see ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.

The reference area is the economic territory as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.

2012-2021

Not applicable.

The unit of measure is terajoule (TJ).

The data refer to the calendar year.

PEFA are legally covered by Regulation (EC) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts as amended by Regulation (EU) No. 538/2014. EEEA currently include six modules (air emissions accounts, environmentally related taxes by economic activity, economy-wide material flow accounts, environmental protection expenditure accounts, environmental goods and services sector accounts, and physical energy flow accounts).

Not applicable.

At EU level:
• Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 11 March 2009, on the transmission of data subject to statistical confidentiality to the Statistical Office of the European Communities.
At national level:
• Statistics Law (in force since 4 June 2015), Section 17.

Published data should not allow identification of single consumers.

Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia (CSB) does not disclose the data which by their nature might be subject to commercial confidentiality. Pursuant to the requirements of national legislation, Section 17 of the Statistics Law, Section 5 and 16 of the Freedom of Information Law, Sections 6, 7 and 27 of the Personal Data Protection Law, and in accordance with the item 5 of the CSB Quality Guidelines, CSB provides confidentiality and protection of information given by respondents, as well as individual information received from other sources.

19.10.2023

CSB website: https://stat.gov.lv/en/calendar?Dates=%22Next+year%22  

Energy flow accounts in Latvia are published on the CSB website under the heading Environment and Energy - Energy– Physical energy flow accounts (TJ). The statistics is published in accordance with the Statistics Law and the European Statistics Code of Practice, respecting the professional independence and aimed at objectivity, transparency and equal treatment of all consumers. The statistical information published by the CSB is accessible to all data users at the same time and under the same conditions.

Data are disseminated annually

There is no national press release on the dat

No publications.

https://data.stat.gov.lv/pxweb/en/OSP_PUB/START__NOZ__EN__ENB/ENB180

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Not applicable.

Currently, data are not disseminated in other ways.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

https://stat.gov.lv/en/metadata/3029-physical-energy-flow-accounts 

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

All quality documentation of Latvian official statistics and CSB is available on the CSB website in the section Documents – National Statistical System of Latvia –Quality assurance framework. The section includes, e.g., Quality Policy of CSB, Statistical Dissemination Policy, Revision Policy, Quality Policy of the National Statistical System of Latvia, Memorandum of Understanding for Implementation of Quality Policy of the NSS of Latvia.

On 29 November 2018, CSB gained ISO 9001:2015 standard certificate “Quality Management Systems – Requirements”. The certification refers to the production of official statistics – planning, data acquisition, processing, analysis, and dissemination. Currently, there is no self-assessment report for air emission accounts.

Overall data quality is good. 

There is no national indicator sets or policy targets which uses energy accounts data. Data are freely available to general public

Not applicable

Data are complete according to relevant regulation.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Overall the accuracy is high as primary information - energy statistics used to develop energy accounts has very good quality.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Data are published 21 months after the reference period.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Data on PEFA are compiled according to international guidelines and  insofar comparable. Application of the PEFA Builder tool ensures comparability to a certain extent.

Not applicable.

Please see the table in 15.2.1.1.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Please use below table for explaining b)-flags (breaks in time series):

Data on energy use is assigned to industries using same methodology as in AEA.

Not applicable; reported PEFA data are only annual.

Data are coherent with National accounts

Yes, Same person compiles PEFA and AEA.

yes

Yes

No

yes

yes

Eurostat's validation procedures should ensure full internal consistency, at least for the mandatory data points.

1 month 1 person

Data are not revised in between annual releases.

 There was data revisions for fuels used in transport (lpg, gasoline, diesel for transport, biofuels) and residence principle in road transportation calculations as there was changes in GHG inventory.Recalculations have been done due to switch from COPERT 5.2 model version to COPERT 5.3 model version and corrected distribution of vehicles fleet by subclasses and average mileage according to additional statistical information of the Road Traffic Safety Directorate of Latvia. Data for housholds in heating and other were recalculated.

Data are revised if energy statistics data are revised/corrected, or mistake are founded.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Data sources used to produce physical energy flow accounts are described in the following sub-concepts.

Main data sources are survey 1-energetics, in which we collect data on production of electricity from renewables such as: Wind power plants, solar panels and Hydropower plants, survey "2-EK, Survey on stocks, production, receipts and consumption of energy resources", and survey 2-solid fuel (monthly survey)in which collect data about hard coal, peat and coke oven coke.

data sources are surveys:  1-energetics, in which we collect data on production of electricity from renewables such as: Wind power plants, solar panels and Hydropower plants. and survey 1-energy in which we collect data on produced heat and electricity. Respondents are all companies whose main activity or activities that contribute to core activities are electricity production and heat production for sale in CHP plants and heat plants.

Survey 1-energy in which we collect data on produced heat and electricity. Respondents are all companies whose main activity or activities that contribute to core activities are electricity production and heat production for sale in CHP plants and heat plants

survey "2-EK, Survey on stocks, production, receipts and consumption of energy resources" . It is sample survey, and all groups of NACE are included, starting from 01-99. Data on energy consumption including for transport of different energy products are obtained from this survey. data about consumption of natural gas  comes from  1-Gas (annual survey). Data provided by natural gas traders, distribution and transmission operators. Data on electricity consumption comes from electricity distribution system operator. 

We dont use auxiliary data to distribute energy use by nace.  Main data source for energy data is “2-EK, Survey on stocks, production, receipts and consumption of energy resources”. It is sample survey, and all groups of NACE are included, starting from 01-99. Data on energy consumption including for transport of different energy products are obtained from this survey.

No

Statistics on goods/freight transport are used for this purpose. Residence principle were applied only to fuels used for heavy-duty trucks and emissions from heavy-duty trucks and were allocated to Nace 49.
For data of marine transportation also methodology used for air emission accounts were applied. It was estimated that about 2% of residual fuel oil and gasoil “belong” to ships operating under Latvian flag, those amounts were added to NACE 50- Water transport.
Energy use by residents abroad and energy use by non-residents for international aviation were calculated using data from surveys “2-bunkering; Survey on oil delivery to ships and aircrafts” and “2-EK Report on purchase and use of energy resources". From survey “2-EK”data we gather data on total amounts of fuel used for aviation and amounts of fuel bought and used abroad. Combining data from both surveys we estimated also amounts of fuel purchased by non-residents for international air transportation.
Data about fuel purchased abroad by resident's vessels for international fishing were estimated using fishery statistics, same method was used for estimation in air emission accounts.

 annually

 Data is based on energy statistics surveys, and administrative data from electricity distribution system operator.

Different data sources were compared while building energy balance and collecting energy data with surveys.

.

Not applicable.

Data are assigned to different NACE divisions to be consistent with ESA supply tables

Data on use of energy for road transport are distributed between industries and households using information from GHG inventories about fuel use (gasoline, diesel, LPG and biodiesel) for each vehicle type - Passenger cars, Buses, Heavy duty-vehicles (HDV), Light duty-vehicles (LDV) and Mopeds & Motorcycles by applying share from Survey “2-EK, Survey on stocks, production, receipts and consumption of energy resources”. Fuel use for Mopeds & Motorcycles are all allocated to Households.

  Main data source for energy data is “2-EK, Survey on stocks, production, receipts and consumption of energy resources”. It is sample survey, and all groups of NACE are included, starting from 01-99. Data on energy consumption including for transport of different energy products are obtained from this survey.

Data on energy use is assigned to industries using same methodology and data sources as in AEA.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.