Croatian Bureau of Statistics

Energy Statistics and Sustainable Development Indicators Unit

Branimirova 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) is one module of the European environmental-economic accounts - Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI. PEFA record the flows of energy (in terajoules) from the environment to the economy (natural inputs), within the economy (products), and from the economy back to the environment (residuals), using the accounting framework of physical supply and use tables.

PEFA provide information on energy flows arranged in a way fully compatible with concepts, principles, and classifications of national accounts – thus enabling integrated analyses of environmental, energy and economic issues e.g. through environmental-economic modelling. PEFA complement the traditional energy statistics, balances and derived indicators which are the main reference data source for EU energy policies.

This national metadata refers to the PEFA questionnaire delivered to Eurostat: data on supply (table A), use (table B), transformation use (table B1), end use (table B2) and emission-relevant use (table C), key indicators of physical energy flow accounts by NACE Rev. 2 activity (table D), and physical energy flow accounts totals bridging to energy balances totals (table E).

The PEFA questionnaire is available on Eurostat's website: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/environment/methodology

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) datasets have the following dimensions:

1. Supply and use tables (STK_FLOW): the elements of this dimension are the five tables detailing energy supply (questionnaire table A) and use; the total energy use (table B) is the sum of transformation use (table B1) and end use (table B2), and a certain part of it is emission relevant (table C).
2. Energy product (PROD_NRG): (not relevant for questionnaire table D and E) The flows of energy recorded in PEFA are broadly grouped into natural energy inputs (flows from environment to economy), energy products (flows within economy), and energy residuals (flows from economy to environment mainly). Each of these generic groups is further broken down. In total this dimension distinguishes 31 items which are regulated in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/172.
3. Classification of economic activities - NACE Rev.2 (NACE_R2): (not relevant for questionnaire table E) The supply and use of energy flows is broken down by NACE classification of economic activities. The aggregation level used is A*64 (i.e. 64 branches), fully compatible with ESA supply and use tables. Furthermore, this dimension includes private households, accumulation (e.g. product inventories), the rest of the world economy for imports and exports, and the environment.
4. Indicators (INDIC_PEFA): (only relevant for questionnaire tables D and E): Various key indicators that can be derived from the physical supply and use tables and so-called 'bridging-items' which present the various elements explaining the differences between the national totals as reported by PEFA vis-a-vis the national totals as reported by Eurostat's energy balances.
5. Geopolitical entity (GEO): EU Member States, EFTA countries, candidate countries, and potential candidates. 
6. Period of time (TIME): Energy flow data are annual.
7. Unit (UNIT): Energy flows are reported in Terajoules.

The data set covers the entire national economy as defined in national accounts (ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04), as well as its physical relation to economies in the rest of the world and the environment.

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) are conceptually rooted in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) which is an international statistical standard. The SEEA central framework provides standard concepts, definitions, classifications, accounting rules and tables for the provision of statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy.
PEFA constitute satellite accounts to the National Accounts (NA). Hence, the statistical concepts and definitions of PEFA are derived from those of NA.
As far as applicable PEFA is also compliant with the statistical concepts and definitions internationally established for energy statistics: the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES).
Three concepts are essential to PEFA:
1) The concept of three generic types of energy flows as established in SEEA, namely:
a) natural energy inputs: flows from the natural environment into the economy such as fossil energy carriers in solid, liquid and gaseous form, biomass, solar radiation, kinetic energy in form of hydro and wind, geothermal heat etc.;
b) energy products: output flows from production processes as defined in national accounts (ESA); typically products produced by extractive industries, refineries, power plants etc.;
c) energy residuals: mainly energy in form of dissipative heat arising from the end use of energy products, flowing from the economy into the natural environment.
2) The accounting framework of (physical) supply and use tables as established in NA and SEEA;
3) The residence principle as established in NA and SEEA, i.e. PEFA records energy flows related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.

Data refer to activities of resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA), including households.

The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA); i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units (see ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.

Republic of Croatia

From 2006 to 2021.

Not applicable.

The unit of measure is terajoule (TJ).

The data refer to the calendar year.

PEFA are legally covered by Regulation (EC) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts as amended by Regulation (EU) No. 538/2014. EEEA currently include six modules (air emissions accounts, environmentally related taxes by economic activity, economy-wide material flow accounts, environmental protection expenditure accounts, environmental goods and services sector accounts, and physical energy flow accounts).

Not applicable.

Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recitals 23-27, 31-32 and Articles 20-26) applies.

On national level, confidential are only data for individual industrial units, no confidentiality for NACE industrial level.

Release calendar can be found on the website of Croatian Bureau of Statistics.

Link: https://podaci.dzs.hr/en/

Link: https://podaci.dzs.hr/en/

Not available.

Yearly.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

The Croatian Bureau of Statistics publishes data on energy statistics in online database.

Link: https://podaci.dzs.hr/en/

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Not applicable.

Not available.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

We do not have it.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

The Croatian Bureau of Statistics regularly submits quality reports, using templates prescribed for each statistical area by an appropriate Eurostat’s organizational unit.

The Croatian Bureau of Statistics regularly submits quality reports, using templates prescribed for each statistical area by an appropriate Eurostat’s organizational unit.

The Croatian Bureau of Statistics regularly submits quality reports, using templates prescribed for each statistical area by an appropriate Eurostat’s organizational unit.

Quality of data is satisfactory.

The main users are the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, individual ministries and companies which calculate air emissions in Croatia.

PEFA produced for transmission to Eurostat satisfy the needs of national users.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Accuracy is satisfactory.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

By 26 months after the reference period.

By 26 months after the reference period.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Data on PEFA are compiled according to international guidelines and  insofar comparable. Application of the PEFA Builder tool ensures comparability to a certain extent.

Not applicable.

Please see the table in 15.2.1.1.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Please use below table for explaining b)-flags (breaks in time series):

we do not have a break in time series.

Not applicable; reported PEFA data are only annual.

Not applicable; reported PEFA data are only annual.

PEFA are coherent with European system of accounts (ESA), in particular with ESA supply and use tables. Also, PEFA shall follow the so-called residence principle. 

Yes.

No.

Yes.

No.

Yes.

Yes.

Eurostat's validation procedures should ensure full internal consistency, at least for the mandatory data points.

Costs are minimal because of the electronical data collection, about 50 man days for PEFA table for one year.

The users are notified about data revision through web page.

Data revision is made on the request of Eurostat.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Data sources used to produce physical energy flow accounts are described in the following sub-concepts.

In the first place it is the energy balance, then all other available energy data from different sources (energy surveys, energy companies, custom office, national bureau of statistics, network operators, market operators etc.). We also use additional data such as number of employees and number of registered vehicles.The original Croatian Distribution and Transmission System Operator databases were additionally used for the allocation of electricity consumption by NACE activities.

For autoproducers we assigned supply of electricity and heat to NACE divisions different than D35 – we assigned supply of electricity and heat to NACE divisions to which autoproducers belong. The assignment we did is fully aligned to the ESA monetary supply table submitted by Croatia.

We use the results of the IPA study that is designed for transport sector in Croatia in 2015 and the results of the research into IND-21 / REPRO conducted by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics. In addition to the above, we use additional data such as the number of registered vehicles and the number of employees in individual NACE industries.

We used the results of the IPA transport study in which the distribution of energy consumption on Croatian residents and foreigners is made. We also used the results of IND-21 / REPRO research based on which we determined consumption in certain NACE industries. Also, we took in account the number of employees and the number of registered vehicles. For the motor fuel consumption of Croatian residents outside the Croatian borders, the mentioned study did not produce any results. We assessed this consumption based on the relations that are valid for consumption in Croatia.

 Annually.

 In the first place it is the energy balance, then all other available energy data from different sources (energy surveys, energy companies, custom office, national bureau of statistics, network operators, market operators etc.). We also use additional data such as number of employees and number of registered vehicles.The original Croatian Distribution and Transmission System Operator databases were additionally used for the allocation of electricity consumption by NACE activities.

PEFA tables are fully aligned with the energy balance. Lower quality data sometimes is in the redistribution of data on individual NACE industry. 

In the first place it is the energy balance, then all other available energy data from different sources (energy surveys, energy companies, custom office, national bureau of statistics, network operators, market operators etc.). We also use additional data such as number of employees and number of registered vehicles.The original Croatian Distribution and Transmission System Operator databases were additionally used for the allocation of electricity consumption by NACE activities.

Not applicable.

For autoproducers we assigned supply of electricity and heat to NACE divisions different than D35 – we assigned supply of electricity and heat to NACE divisions to which autoproducers belong. The assignment we did is fully aligned to the ESA monetary supply table submitted by Croatia.

We use the results of the IPA study that is designed for transport sector in Croatia in 2015 and the results of the research into IND-21 / REPRO conducted by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics. In addition to the above, we use additional data such as the number of registered vehicles and the number of employees in individual NACE industries.

Survey.

By using the same NACE classification codes for all industrial units in Croatia for PEFA, AEA and ESA.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.