Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Lamačská cesta 3/C, P.O. Box 67, 840 00 Bratislava 4, Slovakia
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
31 October 2025
2.2. Metadata last posted
31 October 2025
2.3. Metadata last update
31 October 2025
3.1. Data description
The environmental goods and services sector (EGSS) accounts report on an economic sector that generates goods and services produced for environmental protection or the management of natural resources.
Products for environmental protection prevent, reduce and eliminate pollution or any other degradation of the environment. Examples are electric vehicles, catalysts and filters to decrease pollutant emissions, wastewater and waste treatment services, noise insulation works or restoration of degraded habitats.
Products for resource management safeguard the stock of natural resources against depletion. Examples are renewable energy production, energy-efficient and passive buildings, seawater desalinization or rainwater recovery, and materials recovery.
EGSS accounts provide data on output and export of environmental goods and services and on the value added of and employment in the environmental goods and services sector.
In addition, the data contain information on investments for climate change mitigation (CCM). Those investments aim at reducing the emission of greenhouse gases either by source or enhancing the removal from the atmosphere.
EGSS and CCM data are compiled following the statistical concepts and definitions set out in the UN System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012 – Central Framework.
3.2. Classification system
Data are reported cross-classified by 1) the type of environmental purpose and 2) economic activity.
The environmental activities are classified by purpose according to the classification of environmental purposes (CEP).
Economic activity is classified according to the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, Rev. 2 (2008).
3.3. Coverage - sector
EGSS comprises a sector of the economy that produces goods and services aimed at environmental protection and resource management (see SEEA CF 2012 chapter 4). Environmental goods and services either reduce environmental pressures or help maintaining the stock of natural resources or they are designed to be cleaner and more resource efficient than conventional products. Environmental goods and services can be produced by corporations, households, governments and non-profit institutions.
The amended list of environmental activities and products has been set out in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1769 ('the indicative compendium of environmental goods and services').
CCM investments comprise a sub-sector of the EGSS as well as activities and products beyond the scope of the CEP.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Environmental Goods and Service Sector:
EGSS has the same system boundaries as the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010) and consists of all environmental products within this production boundary. ESA defines production as the activity carried out under the control and responsibility of an institutional unit that uses input of labour, capital, goods and services to produce output of goods and services.
Only goods and services produced for environmental purposes are included in the scope of the environmental goods and services sector.
'Environmental purpose' means that a good or service helps either 1) preventing, reducing and eliminating pollution and any other degradation of the environment or 2) preserving and maintaining the stock of natural resources and hence safeguarding against depletion.
The EGSS statistics aim at compiling data for the following economic variables:
Output: consists of products that become available for use outside of the producer unit, any goods and services produced for own final use and goods that remain in the inventories at the end of the period in which they are produced. Apart from market output, output for own final use and non-market output, EGSS statistics also include ancillary output, comprising output intended for use within an enterprise.
Market output is to be valued at basic prices, that is, the prices receivable by the producer from the purchaser minus taxes and plus subsidies on products. Output for own final use is to be valued at basic prices of similar products sold on the market or by the total costs of production. Non-market output is to be estimated by the total costs of production. Ancillary output is measured as a total of recurrent production costs (such as intermediate consumption, compensation of employees and consumption of fixed capital) incurred by enterprises to: 1) reduce environmental pressures arising from their production process or 2) produce environmental goods or services not intended for use outside the enterprise, but instead supporting other (non-environmental) activities undertaken within the enterprise (e.g. waste management services carried out in-house). For market producers, a mark-up for net operating surplus is added to the value of the EGSS ancillary output.
Gross Value Added: represents the contribution made by the production of environmental goods and services to GDP. It is the difference between the value of the output and intermediate consumption.
Employment: is measured in full-time equivalent jobs engaged in the production of output of environmental goods and services. Full-time equivalent is defined as total hours worked divided by the average annual working hours in a full-time job.
Exports: consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants, of environmental goods and services from residents to non-residents.
Investments for climate change mitigation:
The reporting covers the capital expenditure to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by source or enhance their removal from the atmosphere by sinks.
Capital expenditure includes:
For activities and products covered by the CEP:
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF – ESA 2010 code: P51g) for climate change mitigation related characteristic activities (i.e. GFCF for the production of specific services related to climate change mitigation)
GFCF in specific and cleaner and resource efficient goods related to climate change mitigation, unless they are already included in GFCF by CCM (characteristic) activities
and final consumption (ESA 2010 code: P3) in specific and cleaner and resource efficient goods related to climate change mitigation.
For activities and products relevant for CCM but outside the scope of CEP:
GFCF for the production of nuclear energy and for R&D related to nuclear energy
GFCF for the transmission and distribution of energy, in particular electricity
GFCF for the production of low carbon transport activities
GFCF in transport infrastructure for low carbon transport activities.
Where:
GFCF for climate change mitigation characteristic activities is broken down by corporations, government and households together with non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH)
GFCF for specific and cleaner and resource efficient goods, mitigating climate change, is broken down by corporations, government and households together with NPISH
final consumption of specific and cleaner and resource efficient goods, mitigating climate change, is broken down by government and households together with NPISH.
3.5. Statistical unit
Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 of 15 March 1993 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community describes the different statistical units of the production system.
The recommended statistical unit for the data collection and compilation of private corporations is the establishment. For general government, households and NPISH, the recommendation is to use institutional units and groupings of units as defined in the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010).
3.6. Statistical population
The statistical population is the national economy as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). It includes all economic activities undertaken by resident units.
3.7. Reference area
Slovakia.
3.8. Coverage - Time
EGSS data - for the period 2014-2023
CCM investments - for years 2021, 2022 and 2023.
3.9. Base period
Not requested for this metadata collection.
Output, gross value added, exports and CCM investments are measured in million units of national currency.
Employment is measured in full time equivalents (i.e., full time equivalent jobs).
The reference period for EGSS data is the calendar year.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
The EEEA follow internationally agreed concepts and definitions set out in the SEEA Central Framework (2012), the international statistical standard adopted by the UN Statistical Commission. They present data in a way that is compatible with National Accounts (ESA, 2010).
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Not applicable.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
The Statistical Office of the SR is responsible for the protection of confidential data obtained and guarantees their use exclusively for statistical purposes. In accordance with the Act on State Statistics No. 540/2001 Coll. §2g and §30, the Statistical Office of the SR may not publish confidential statistical data, but only information resulting from the aggregation of confidential statistical data, which does not allow direct or indirect identification of the reporting unit.
The Statistical Office of the SR has introduced principles and procedures for the protection of confidential data in internal directives and instructions. The directive on the protection of confidential statistical data regulates the method of management and implementation of activities related to ensuring the protection of confidential statistical data in the Statistical Office of the SR. The internal methodological instruction of the Statistical Office of the SR regulates specific methods and parameter values used in the protection of confidential statistical data of individual statistical surveys and data sets.
Confidential data may occur in EGSS tables for output and exports, since statistical surveys where the reporting units are companies/producers (industry statistics according PRODSLOV, SBS) are among data sources used for compilation of these tables. Concerned data (cells) are labelled as confidential to avoid identification of particular companies.
Mostly the data are confidential due to the threshold rule - cell is confidential if less than 3 entities contribute to the total of that cell. Also the dominance rule (cell is confidential if the largest unit contribute more than 90% to the cell total) is applied in identifying confidential data.
CCM investment - in case of data of which source is SBS is necessary to ensure statistical confidentiality. The rules are the same as in case of EGSS tables for output and exports (described above).
8.1. Release calendar
Not applicable. EGSS statistics is not included in the First release calendar of the Statistical Office of the SR.
EGSS data are not published in online database of the Statistical Office of the SR, as yet.
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not requested for this metadata collection.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Not applicable.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
No other dissemination format.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Not requested for this metadata collection.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
The national documentation on methodology for EGSS and for CCM investments is not available.
The EGSS accounts for Slovakia are compiled in accordance with Eurostat methodology on EGSS (handbook, practical guide, EGSS list of environmental products).
The CCM investments for Slovakia are compiled following the Eurostat guidelines for data collection on CCM investments.
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
Not requested for this metadata collection.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
The national documentation on quality management for EGSS is not available.
11.1. Quality assurance
Statistical Office of the SR has implemented the Quality Management System (QMS) which is based on the International Standardization Organization standard - ISO 9001. The QMS has been certified by the certification body every three years starting with 2006. Respecting the process approach principle and Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) model, the system covers issues related to management, resources, operation and measurement, analysis and improvement. The system has been enhanced by the inclusion of requirements of the European Statistics Code of Practice and of selected elements of other advanced quality management systems. The QMS is described in the Quality manual (only available in Slovak). The application of the quality manual in practice ensures that all activities that have an impact on the quality of statistical products are planned, managed, examined and assessed.
According to our assessment the quality of EGSS data for Slovakia is sufficient. We do our best to continually work on improvement of EGSS statistics.
Data on CCM investments for Slovakia were reported this year for the first time and are only approximate estimates with lower quality.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
The key user of the EGSS data and CCM investments data for Slovakia is Eurostat.
At present, EGSS statistics is not disseminated at national level. We haven't noticed any specific demands for this statistical product from national users.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Not applicable. EGSS statistics is not disseminated at national level.
12.3. Completeness
According to our assessment, EGSS data completeness and compliance with the reporting obligations under the regulation on environmental accounts could be considered as satisfactory and continuously enhancing.
Reported CCM investments data cover only selected subset of activities and products for practical implementation of CCM estimates (on the basis of table 3 in the Eurostat guidelines for data collection on CCM investments).
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
Not requested for this metadata collection.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Overall, the accuracy of EGSS data for Slovakia is considered as satisfactory. Sufficient quality of this statistical product is ensured by using reliable verified source data for estimating and compiling the EGSS and by applying as precise as possible methods for data estimations.
Data with lower quality are reported for: NACE E36/CEP 0302 and NACE F/CEP 0202 - rough estimates with lower accuracy; CEP 07 (EP and RM R&D) - estimates on the basis of approximation.
Also data on CCM investments are lower quality - these data were reported this year for the first time and are only approximate estimates.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable. No sample survey for collecting EGSS and CCM investments data is carried out in Slovakia.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not requested for this metadata collection.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Not applicable. EGSS and CCM investments compilation for Slovakia is based entirely on existing statistics.
No specific statistical survey for collecting EGSS and CCM investments data is carried out.
13.3.1. Coverage error
Not requested for this metadata collection.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not requested for this metadata collection.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not requested for this metadata collection.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Not requested for this metadata collection.
13.3.3. Non response error
Not requested for this metadata collection.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Not requested for this metadata collection.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not requested for this metadata collection.
13.3.4. Processing error
Not requested for this metadata collection.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not requested for this metadata collection.
14.1. Timeliness
Transmission deadline for EGSS data and CCM investments data is 22 months after the end of the reference year.
EGSS questionnaire 2025 (ref. year 2023) for Slovakia including table on CCM investments was compiled within a given deadline.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Not applicable. First estimates are not calculated.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
EGSS estimates and CCM investments estimates are available 22 months after the end of reference year (T+22 months).
14.2. Punctuality
The transmission deadline for EGSS and CCM investments data according the regulation on environmental accounts, as amended, Annex V, Section 4 (t+22 months) was met.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
The data were delivered to Eurostat on 31 October 2025. The reporting deadline for EGSS to Eurostat is 31 October.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Comparability of EGSS accounts compiled by EU Member States is ensured by a common conceptual framework, harmonized guidelines provided by Eurostat and through Implementing Regulation 2174/2015 amended by Implementing Regulation 2024/1769 that provides an indicative compendium of environmental goods and services which should be included in the EGSS.
In case of Slovakia however not all the products/services from the indicative compendium are covered in the EGSS, as yet (see the sub-concept 15.1.2. - excluded products), which may affect the comparability with other EU Member States.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Data on several environmental products/services from the amended indicative compendium that are only partly environmental (non 100% environmental) have not yet been included in EGSS reporting for Slovakia because of the lack of information necessary to determine the environmental share. For example activities related to - infrastructure for the operation of electric vehicles (such as charging stations), construction of treatment plants, construction of systems for noise abatement, rehabilitation of mining sites, manufacture of the most efficient domestic appliances.
15.1.3. Comparability - geographical - products not present in Indicative compendium - included
Products/activities beyond the amended indicative compendium are not included in EGSS reporting for Slovakia.
15.2. Comparability - over time
There has been no change in source data and compilation methods (see sections 18.1, 18.5) within reported time series.
But some enhancements regarding extension of the coverage of environmental activities/products have been implemented and data on new products have been included in EGSS reporting from the reference year 2021.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
EGSS: 2014-2023
CCM investments: 2021-2023
15.2.2. Comparability - over time detailed
Consistent methodology and data sources have been applied in data compilation for the whole available time series. There is no discontinuity in the time series.
Data according the new CEP classification are available for the period 2021-2023. Data for the period 2014 - 2020 are classified according to the CEPA 2000 and CReMA classifications.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
EGSS and CCM investments: See the sub-concepts 15.3.1-15.3.4.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
EGSS accounts and CCM investments are coherent with principles, definitions and concepts in National Accounts (ESA) and satellite System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA).
Coherence with national accounts data, specifically SUT, is ensured since SUT are used as one of main data sources for compiling EGSS.
EGSS: Data on output of EP services presented in EPEA and EGSS are from the same data sources - national accounts SUT.
CCM investments: not applicable.
15.3.4. Coherence - other statistics
EGSS: SBS, industry, energy, agricultural statistics (other official statistics) are used as data sources for compiling EGSS. Thus we don't need to compare EGSS results with these statistics.
CCM investments: not applicable.
15.4. Coherence - internal
EGSS: Coherence between output and export is ensured by applying the same data sources for compiling the data - SUT, industry statistics, SBS.
Coherence between output, GVA and employment is ensured since the data on GVA and employment are estimated on the basis of distribution keys derived from the data on output.
CCM investments: not applicable.
EGSS questionnaire including table on CCM investments for Slovakia is compiled by 1 expert/statistician and the working time needed for production of this statistics is roughly 3,5 months (note: work on collection and production of source data is not included).
16.1. Cost and Burden - other accounts
The cost and burden to compile EGSS data and CCM investments data are slightly higher as those for other environmental accounts.
17.1. Data revision - policy
No specific national revision policy for EGSS and CCM investments is established. No regular/planned revisions are performed.
17.2. Data revision - practice
In case that some revisions are necessary (e.g. resulting from data validation), the concerned data are revised/corrected and the revised version of the questionnaire is submitted to Eurostat.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
No revisions were performed as regards the final (validated) EGSS data provided in previous EGSS reporting round (for ref. years 2020 - 2022).
17.2.2. Status of data
EGSS: The submitted data for years 2021 and 2022 can be considered as final. Data for year 2023 will be considered as final after the validation process.
CCM investments: The submitted data for years 2021, 2022 and 2023 will be considered as final after the validation process.
18.1. Source data
EGSS:
See the enclosed annex (excel file) containing detail overview of data sources used for compiling EGSS output (sheet "Data sources - Output") and detail overview of data sources used for compiling EGSS export (sheet "Data sources - Export").
Data sources used for compiling EGSS GVA for all reported CEP/NACEs are the following: SUT matrices (CPA/NACE) for output P.1, market output P.11, intermediate consumption P.2 and distribution keys derived from data on EGSS output for particular CEP/NACEs.
Data sources used for compiling EGSS employment for all reported CEP/NACEs are the following: employment (total, related to market activities) broken down by NACE categories expressed in FTE from national accounts and distribution keys derived from data on EGSS output for particular CEP/NACE.
EGSS data on output are used as a source for estimation of EGSS GVA and employment data - the distribution keys/shares of EGSS output for particular NACEs, CEP.
CCM investments:
Data sources used for compiling CCM investments data are the following: SBS, statistical survey on municipalities, national accounts, information from annual reports of companies/organizations.
18.1.1. Source data - detailed - environmental accounts
EGSS and CCM investments: Other environmental accounts are not used as a data source for compiling EGSS for Slovakia.
18.1.2. Source data - detailed - other statistics
EGSS
Official statistics produced by the Statistical Office of the SR that are used as data source for compiling EGSS for Slovakia are the following:
National accounts: SUT - matrices (CPA/NACE) for output P.1 and market output P.11; Data on output (P.1), market output (P.11) and intermediate consumption (P.2) broken down by NACE categories (for EGSS GVA table); Data on employment (total, related to market activities) broken down by NACE categories in FTE; Data on exports of goods and services broken down by CPA codes.
Statistical survey on business statistics/SBS: Module 182 "Specification of selected items of gross turnover" - variables "turnover" and "turnover from sales of products/services abroad" by CPA codes; Module 527 “Environmental protection - financial indicators” - variable "environmental protection revenues".
Industry Statistics: Statistical survey on manufacturing of industrial products (according the List of Industrial Products - PRODSLOV)/module 632 "Manufacture and sale of industrial products and industrial services" - variables "manufacture of products" and "sales of products abroad".
Energy statistics: Data on total production of electricity and production of electricity from renewable sources in GWh.
Agriculture statistics: Data on agriculture area converted and under conversion to organic farming.
R&D statistics - gross domestic expenditure on R&D by socio-economic objectives (including environment).
Other sources that are used for compiling EGSS for Slovakia are the following:
Database of the Slovak Water Research Institute which contains data from property records and operational records on objects and facilities of public water supply and public sewerage.
Companies websites.
CCM investments:
Official statistics produced by the Statistical Office of the SR that are used as data source for compiling CCM investments for Slovakia are the following:
Statistical survey on business statistics/SBS: Module 527 “Environmental protection - financial indicators” - variable „environmental protection investments“; Module 592 “Specification of fixed assets” - variable “acquisitions of fixed assets”.
National accounts: table T1100 "Expenditure of general government by function" within ESA transmission program (COFOG) - variable “GFCF
Other sources that are used for compiling CCM investments for Slovakia are the following:
Information from annual reports of companies/organizations - specifically data on capital expenditures/investments from these reports.
18.1.3. Source data - survey
EGSS and CCM investments: No specific statistical survey for the purpose of EGSS data collection is carried out.
18.1.4. Source data - detailed - other macro economic data (trade, VAT etc.)
EGSS and CCM investments: other macro economic data (trade, VAT etc.) are not used or compiling EGSS for Slovakia.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
The source data used for compiling the EGSS and CCM investments are obtained on annual basis.
18.3. Data collection
EGSS and CCM investments are compiled by using data from already existing data sources listed in the concept 18.1 "Source data". No specific statistical surveys for the purpose collection of EGSS or CCM data are carried out.
18.4. Data validation
The source data used for compiling EGSS and CCM investments are checked and verified within the process of collection and processing of respective data (e.g. statistical survey on manufacturing of industrial products according PRODSLOV, statistical survey on business statistics SBS, statistical surveys used as data sources for national accounts).
Compiled EGSS data are checked by applying the built-in checking tool incorporated in the questionnaire. Compiled data are also compared with data for previous reference years for individual variables, NACE, CEP categories.
18.5. Data compilation
EGSS:
Scope of EGSS: The scope of national EGSS services/products is based on the EGSS operational list and it covers the following - environmental services e.g. waste and wastewater management services; recycling of waste; production of electricity from renewable sources; organic farming production; all 100% environmental goods; selected partially environmental goods (non 100% environmental) which is possible identify according PRODSLOV or CPA classification; electric vehicles; water management activities related to repair and maintenance; energy-efficient buildings and related activities; forest trees nurseries, support services to forestry; engineering activities and related technical consultancy - in the area of waste, water and waste water management, cars technical inspection services, cleaning activities - street sweeping; expenditure on R&D in environment, R&D for resource management (partially).
EGSS share: In case that used data sources do not provide a sufficient level of detail, the share of environmental products is mainly determined on the basis of supplementary information regarding environmental production of respective companies published on their websites. The shares are calculated/estimated specifically for particular NACE/CEP and for the given reference year.
Note: Further breakdown of environmental products by the various types of environmental products is not available. These voluntary data are not reported. The main reason is lack in capacities/resources for developing and compiling variables beyond that which are required under the regulation.
For description of data compilation for particular EGSS variable (output, GVA, employment and exports) see the sub-concept 18.5.2.
CCM investments:
The pragmatic approach for compilation of CCM investments according the guidelines was applied - focus on a subset of activities/products listed in table 2 of guidelines. Also data on the activity out of the CEP scope - production of nuclear energy is included (in the CEP 1). Reported data are only preliminary estimates and it will be necessary to enhance the reporting on CCM investments in the next year reporting, with the priority to focus on estimating the missing data.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not requested for this metadata collection.
18.5.2. Data compilation - by variable and type of output
EGSS:
Compilation of EGSS output
Data on waste and wastewater management services are selected from the SUT matrices for output (P.1 - total, P.11 - market). Data on production of environmental products are compiled on the basis of source data from industry statistics - PRODSLOV and from SBS statistics - module 182 (turnover of companies by CPA) and by using ancillary information on companies from their websites. Renewable energy is estimated as follows: Values for CPA 35.11 for given NACEs are multiply by coefficient (share of production of electricity from renewable sources in total electricity production in GWh). Organic agriculture is estimated as follows: Value for output of NACE A01 for products under CPA 01 is multiply by coefficient (share of total organic crop area out of total Utilised Agricultural Area). Data for NACE 36/CEP 0302 are roughly estimated as expenditures of water companies on repair and maintenance. Data for NACE F/CEP 0202 are roughly estimated as output regarding construction of new residential buildings, reconstruction of residential buildings and related other specialized construction activities multiply by coefficient 0,25 (proxy on the basis of expert judgement).
Compilation of EGSS GVA
GVA of market activities is calculated as follows: the ratio of market output (P.11) within total output (P.1) is calculated for each NACE division; P.2_market is estimated by applying the calculated ratios to data on total intermediate consumption (P.2). Then the GVA of market activities (GVA_market) is calculated as P.11 minus P.2_market for each NACE division. Subsequently the EGSS part of GVA_market is estimated on the basis of distribution keys derived from data on output (shares of market output related to EGSS in overall market output for particular NACEs/CEP). EGSS GVA_total (in case of particular NACE/CEP for which total output is not equal with market output e.g. NACE A/CEP 0501, NACE E/CEP 0401, NACE F/CEP 0202) is rough estimate which is calculated as follows: data on total output of this particular NACE/CEP are multiply by coefficient (market GVA/market output of that NACE/CEP).
Compilation of EGSS employment
Data on employment related to market activities broken down by NACE categories expressed in FTE from national accounts are used for estimations. EGSS employment_market is estimated on the basis of distribution keys derived from data on output (shares of market output related to EGSS in overall market output (P.11) for particular NACEs/CEP). EGSS employment_total (in case of particular NACE/CEP for which total output is not equal with market output e.g. NACE A/CEP 0501, NACE E/CEP 0401, NACE F/CEP 0202) is rough estimate which is calculated as follows: data on total output of this particular NACE/CEP are multiply by coefficient (market employment/market output of that NACE/CEP).
Compilation of EGSS exports
Data on exports are compiled on the basis of data on sales of industry products abroad - from industry statistics, data on turnover from sales of products/services abroad by CPA codes - from SBS and data on exports of goods and services broken down by CPA codes - from national accounts.
CCM investments:
Data from data sources listed in sub-concept 18.1.2 were compiled as follows: data on EP investments for relevant CEP from module 527 broken down by NACE (on the basis of main NACE of companies) in S11_S12; data on EP investments for relevant CEP from module 528 in S13; data on acquisitions of fixed assets for producers of nuclear energy and for producers of energy from renewable sources (estimated on the basis of coefficient) and for forest management from module 592; data on GFCF for relevant CEP from NA T1100 (COFOG); data on investments to electronic vehicles from annual reports of public transport companies.
18.5.3. Data compilation - by NACE
EGSS:
We apply the mixed approach - in some cases it is based on classification of the producers of EGSS goods and activities (i) and in other cases on the product classification CPA (ii).
CCM investments:
Corporations - allocation to NACE on the basis of the main NACE activity of the company that has the CCM investments.
GG - not applicable.
HH and NPISH - not applicable.
18.5.4. Data compilation – CReMA 13B memo item
Data on memo item are not reported. We haven't been able to obtain any information related to national labelling schemes following Directive 2010/31/EU.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not requested for this metadata collection.
No comment.
The environmental goods and services sector (EGSS) accounts report on an economic sector that generates goods and services produced for environmental protection or the management of natural resources.
Products for environmental protection prevent, reduce and eliminate pollution or any other degradation of the environment. Examples are electric vehicles, catalysts and filters to decrease pollutant emissions, wastewater and waste treatment services, noise insulation works or restoration of degraded habitats.
Products for resource management safeguard the stock of natural resources against depletion. Examples are renewable energy production, energy-efficient and passive buildings, seawater desalinization or rainwater recovery, and materials recovery.
EGSS accounts provide data on output and export of environmental goods and services and on the value added of and employment in the environmental goods and services sector.
In addition, the data contain information on investments for climate change mitigation (CCM). Those investments aim at reducing the emission of greenhouse gases either by source or enhancing the removal from the atmosphere.
EGSS and CCM data are compiled following the statistical concepts and definitions set out in the UN System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012 – Central Framework.
31 October 2025
Environmental Goods and Service Sector:
EGSS has the same system boundaries as the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010) and consists of all environmental products within this production boundary. ESA defines production as the activity carried out under the control and responsibility of an institutional unit that uses input of labour, capital, goods and services to produce output of goods and services.
Only goods and services produced for environmental purposes are included in the scope of the environmental goods and services sector.
'Environmental purpose' means that a good or service helps either 1) preventing, reducing and eliminating pollution and any other degradation of the environment or 2) preserving and maintaining the stock of natural resources and hence safeguarding against depletion.
The EGSS statistics aim at compiling data for the following economic variables:
Output: consists of products that become available for use outside of the producer unit, any goods and services produced for own final use and goods that remain in the inventories at the end of the period in which they are produced. Apart from market output, output for own final use and non-market output, EGSS statistics also include ancillary output, comprising output intended for use within an enterprise.
Market output is to be valued at basic prices, that is, the prices receivable by the producer from the purchaser minus taxes and plus subsidies on products. Output for own final use is to be valued at basic prices of similar products sold on the market or by the total costs of production. Non-market output is to be estimated by the total costs of production. Ancillary output is measured as a total of recurrent production costs (such as intermediate consumption, compensation of employees and consumption of fixed capital) incurred by enterprises to: 1) reduce environmental pressures arising from their production process or 2) produce environmental goods or services not intended for use outside the enterprise, but instead supporting other (non-environmental) activities undertaken within the enterprise (e.g. waste management services carried out in-house). For market producers, a mark-up for net operating surplus is added to the value of the EGSS ancillary output.
Gross Value Added: represents the contribution made by the production of environmental goods and services to GDP. It is the difference between the value of the output and intermediate consumption.
Employment: is measured in full-time equivalent jobs engaged in the production of output of environmental goods and services. Full-time equivalent is defined as total hours worked divided by the average annual working hours in a full-time job.
Exports: consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants, of environmental goods and services from residents to non-residents.
Investments for climate change mitigation:
The reporting covers the capital expenditure to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by source or enhance their removal from the atmosphere by sinks.
Capital expenditure includes:
For activities and products covered by the CEP:
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF – ESA 2010 code: P51g) for climate change mitigation related characteristic activities (i.e. GFCF for the production of specific services related to climate change mitigation)
GFCF in specific and cleaner and resource efficient goods related to climate change mitigation, unless they are already included in GFCF by CCM (characteristic) activities
and final consumption (ESA 2010 code: P3) in specific and cleaner and resource efficient goods related to climate change mitigation.
For activities and products relevant for CCM but outside the scope of CEP:
GFCF for the production of nuclear energy and for R&D related to nuclear energy
GFCF for the transmission and distribution of energy, in particular electricity
GFCF for the production of low carbon transport activities
GFCF in transport infrastructure for low carbon transport activities.
Where:
GFCF for climate change mitigation characteristic activities is broken down by corporations, government and households together with non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH)
GFCF for specific and cleaner and resource efficient goods, mitigating climate change, is broken down by corporations, government and households together with NPISH
final consumption of specific and cleaner and resource efficient goods, mitigating climate change, is broken down by government and households together with NPISH.
Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 of 15 March 1993 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community describes the different statistical units of the production system.
The recommended statistical unit for the data collection and compilation of private corporations is the establishment. For general government, households and NPISH, the recommendation is to use institutional units and groupings of units as defined in the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010).
The statistical population is the national economy as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). It includes all economic activities undertaken by resident units.
Slovakia.
The reference period for EGSS data is the calendar year.
Overall, the accuracy of EGSS data for Slovakia is considered as satisfactory. Sufficient quality of this statistical product is ensured by using reliable verified source data for estimating and compiling the EGSS and by applying as precise as possible methods for data estimations.
Data with lower quality are reported for: NACE E36/CEP 0302 and NACE F/CEP 0202 - rough estimates with lower accuracy; CEP 07 (EP and RM R&D) - estimates on the basis of approximation.
Also data on CCM investments are lower quality - these data were reported this year for the first time and are only approximate estimates.
Output, gross value added, exports and CCM investments are measured in million units of national currency.
Employment is measured in full time equivalents (i.e., full time equivalent jobs).
EGSS:
Scope of EGSS: The scope of national EGSS services/products is based on the EGSS operational list and it covers the following - environmental services e.g. waste and wastewater management services; recycling of waste; production of electricity from renewable sources; organic farming production; all 100% environmental goods; selected partially environmental goods (non 100% environmental) which is possible identify according PRODSLOV or CPA classification; electric vehicles; water management activities related to repair and maintenance; energy-efficient buildings and related activities; forest trees nurseries, support services to forestry; engineering activities and related technical consultancy - in the area of waste, water and waste water management, cars technical inspection services, cleaning activities - street sweeping; expenditure on R&D in environment, R&D for resource management (partially).
EGSS share: In case that used data sources do not provide a sufficient level of detail, the share of environmental products is mainly determined on the basis of supplementary information regarding environmental production of respective companies published on their websites. The shares are calculated/estimated specifically for particular NACE/CEP and for the given reference year.
Note: Further breakdown of environmental products by the various types of environmental products is not available. These voluntary data are not reported. The main reason is lack in capacities/resources for developing and compiling variables beyond that which are required under the regulation.
For description of data compilation for particular EGSS variable (output, GVA, employment and exports) see the sub-concept 18.5.2.
CCM investments:
The pragmatic approach for compilation of CCM investments according the guidelines was applied - focus on a subset of activities/products listed in table 2 of guidelines. Also data on the activity out of the CEP scope - production of nuclear energy is included (in the CEP 1). Reported data are only preliminary estimates and it will be necessary to enhance the reporting on CCM investments in the next year reporting, with the priority to focus on estimating the missing data.
EGSS:
See the enclosed annex (excel file) containing detail overview of data sources used for compiling EGSS output (sheet "Data sources - Output") and detail overview of data sources used for compiling EGSS export (sheet "Data sources - Export").
Data sources used for compiling EGSS GVA for all reported CEP/NACEs are the following: SUT matrices (CPA/NACE) for output P.1, market output P.11, intermediate consumption P.2 and distribution keys derived from data on EGSS output for particular CEP/NACEs.
Data sources used for compiling EGSS employment for all reported CEP/NACEs are the following: employment (total, related to market activities) broken down by NACE categories expressed in FTE from national accounts and distribution keys derived from data on EGSS output for particular CEP/NACE.
EGSS data on output are used as a source for estimation of EGSS GVA and employment data - the distribution keys/shares of EGSS output for particular NACEs, CEP.
CCM investments:
Data sources used for compiling CCM investments data are the following: SBS, statistical survey on municipalities, national accounts, information from annual reports of companies/organizations.
Transmission deadline for EGSS data and CCM investments data is 22 months after the end of the reference year.
EGSS questionnaire 2025 (ref. year 2023) for Slovakia including table on CCM investments was compiled within a given deadline.
Comparability of EGSS accounts compiled by EU Member States is ensured by a common conceptual framework, harmonized guidelines provided by Eurostat and through Implementing Regulation 2174/2015 amended by Implementing Regulation 2024/1769 that provides an indicative compendium of environmental goods and services which should be included in the EGSS.
In case of Slovakia however not all the products/services from the indicative compendium are covered in the EGSS, as yet (see the sub-concept 15.1.2. - excluded products), which may affect the comparability with other EU Member States.
There has been no change in source data and compilation methods (see sections 18.1, 18.5) within reported time series.
But some enhancements regarding extension of the coverage of environmental activities/products have been implemented and data on new products have been included in EGSS reporting from the reference year 2021.
