Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
The environmental goods and services sector (EGSS) accounts report on an economic sector that generates goods and services produced for environmental protection or the management of natural resources.
Products for environmental protection prevent, reduce and eliminate pollution or any other degradation of the environment. Examples are electric vehicles, catalysts and filters to decrease pollutant emissions, wastewater and waste treatment services, noise insulation works or restoration of degraded habitats.
Products for resource management safeguard the stock of natural resources against depletion. Examples are renewable energy production, energy-efficient and passive buildings, rainwater recovery, and materials recovery.
EGSS accounts provide data on output and export of environmental goods and services and on the value added of and employment in the environmental goods and services sector.
In addition, the data contain preliminary information on investments for climate change mitigation (CCM) for NACE C and M . Those investments aim at reducing the emission of greenhouse gases either by source or enhancing the removal from the atmosphere. For the moment Luxembourg has a derogation on reporting data on CCM investments.
EGSS and CCM data are compiled following the statistical concepts and definitions set out in the UN System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012 – Central Framework.
3.2. Classification system
Data are reported cross-classified by
the type of environmental purpose and
economic activity.
The environmental activities are classified by purpose according to the classification of environmental purposes (CEP). Economic activity is classified according to the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, Rev. 2 (2008).
3.3. Coverage - sector
EGSS comprises a sector of the economy that produces goods and services aimed at environmental protection and resource management (see SEEA CF 2012 chapter 4). Environmental goods and services either reduce environmental pressures or help maintaining the stock of natural resources or they are designed to be cleaner and more resource efficient than conventional products. Environmental goods and services can be produced by corporations, households, governments and non-profit institutions. The list of environmental activities and products has been set out in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1769 ('the indicative compendium of environmental goods and services').
CCM investments comprise, from a theoretical point of view, a sub-sector of the EGSS as well as activities and products beyond the scope of the CEP.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Environmental Goods and Service Sector:
EGSS has the same system boundaries as the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010) and consists of all environmental products within this production boundary. ESA defines production as the activity carried out under the control and responsibility of an institutional unit that uses input of labour, capital, goods and services to produce output of goods and services.
Only goods and services produced for environmental purposes are included in the scope of the environmental goods and services sector.
'Environmental purpose' means that a good or service helps either 1) preventing, reducing and eliminating pollution and any other degradation of the environment or 2) preserving and maintaining the stock of natural resources and hence safeguarding against depletion.
The EGSS statistics aim at compiling data for the following economic variables:
Output: consists of products that become available for use outside of the producer unit, any goods and services produced for own final use and goods that remain in the inventories at the end of the period in which they are produced. Apart from market output, output for own final use and non-market output, EGSS statistics also include ancillary output, comprising output intended for use within an enterprise.
Market output is to be valued at basic prices, that is, the prices receivable by the producer from the purchaser minus taxes and plus subsidies on products. Output for own final use is to be valued at basic prices of similar products sold on the market or by the total costs of production. Non-market output is to be estimated by the total costs of production. Ancillary output is measured as a total of recurrent production costs (such as intermediate consumption, compensation of employees and consumption of fixed capital) incurred by enterprises to: 1) reduce environmental pressures arising from their production process or 2) produce environmental goods or services not intended for use outside the enterprise, but instead supporting other (non-environmental) activities undertaken within the enterprise (e.g. waste management services carried out in-house). For market producers, a mark-up for net operating surplus is added to the value of the EGSS ancillary output. Gross Value Added: represents the contribution made by the production of environmental goods and services to GDP. It is the difference between the value of the output and intermediate consumption.
Employment: is measured in full-time equivalent jobs engaged in the production of output of environmental goods and services. Full-time equivalent is defined as total hours worked divided by the average annual working hours in a full-time job.
Exports: consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants, of environmental goods and services from residents to non-residents.
Investments for climate change mitigation (for the moment Luxembourg has a derogation on reporting CCM investments):
The reporting theoretically covers the capital expenditure to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by source or enhance their removal from the atmosphere by sinks.
Capital expenditure includes:
For activities and products covered by the CEP:
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF – ESA 2010 code: P51g) for climate change mitigation related characteristic activities (i.e. GFCF for the production of specific services related to climate change mitigation)
GFCF in specific and cleaner and resource efficient goods related to climate change mitigation, unless they are already included in GFCF by CCM (characteristic) activities
and final consumption (ESA 2010 code: P3) in specific and cleaner and resource efficient goods related to climate change mitigation.
For activities and products relevant for CCM but outside the scope of CEP:
GFCF for the production of nuclear energy and for R&D related to nuclear energy
GFCF for the transmission and distribution of energy, in particular electricity
GFCF for the production of low carbon transport activities
GFCF in transport infrastructure for low carbon transport activities.
Where:
GFCF for climate change mitigation characteristic activities is broken down by corporations, government and households together with non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH)
GFCF for specific and cleaner and resource efficient goods, mitigating climate change, is broken down by corporations, government and households together with NPISH
final consumption of specific and cleaner and resource efficient goods, mitigating climate change, is broken down by government and households together with NPISH.
3.5. Statistical unit
Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 of 15 March 1993 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community describes the different statistical units of the production system.
The recommended statistical unit for the data collection and compilation of private corporations is the establishment. For general government, households and NPISH, the recommendation is to use institutional units and groupings of units as defined in the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010).
3.6. Statistical population
The statistical population is the national economy as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). It includes all economic activities undertaken by resident units.
3.7. Reference area
Luxembourg
3.8. Coverage - Time
2008-2023
3.9. Base period
Not requested for this metadata collection.
Output, gross value added, exports and CCM investments are measured in million units of national currency (euro). Employment is measured in full time equivalents (i.e., full time equivalent jobs).
The reference period for EGSS data is the calendar year.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
EGSS accounts and CCM investments are compiled and reported in accordance with Regulation (EU) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts (EEEA).
The EEEA follow internationally agreed concepts and definitions set out in the SEEA Central Framework (2012), the international statistical standard adopted by the UN Statistical Commission. They present data in a way that is compatible with National Accounts (ESA, 2010).
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Data is shared according to the schedule adopted by STATEC
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
A data is confidential if the NACE has less then 4 companies or if a company is dominant.
Primary and secondary confidentialities are defined.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Confidential data are flagged as confidential. These data are not published.
microdata are not accessible for confidentiality reasons
10.5. Dissemination format - other
not applicable
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Not requested for this metadata collection.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
not available
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
complete
10.7. Quality management - documentation
not available
11.1. Quality assurance
Quality of EGSS accounts data is assured by strict application of ESA 2010 concepts and by applying the guidelines of the ESS handbook for quality reports.
Quality aspects are reported to Eurostat via the Euro-SDMX metadata structure (ESMS) templates. EGSS accounts are implemented and reported on a mandatory basis .
11.2. Quality management - assessment
Quality is assured via a number of verifications integrated in the production process, such as: preliminary data sources checks, consistency with national accounts. Time series plausibility is also checked.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Businesses could potentially use EGSS data for market analysis, trade associations to study the performance of the environmental sector, or governments to develop policies, researchers, etc..
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
user satisfaction not assessed
12.3. Completeness
All mandatory years and all mandatory variables are reported.
In addition, EGSS accounts are as well provided for a series of voluntary data: at the level of NACE, types of products and detailed environmental domains.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
All mandatory years and all mandatory variables are reported.
In addition, EGSS accounts are as well provided for a series of voluntary data: at the level of NACE, types of products and detailed environmental domains.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
There are no specific quality issue related to accuracy to be highlighted. Data are considered accurate.
The main difficulty is, during survey, for companies to correctly identify environmental products and if activities are not fully 100% environmental, to estimate a correct share
13.2. Sampling error
EGSS accounts and CCM investments are compiled using a range of primary statistical sources.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not requested for this metadata collection.
13.3. Non-sampling error
EGSS accounts and CCM investments are compiled using a range of primary statistical sources.
13.3.1. Coverage error
Not applicable
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable
13.3.2. Measurement error
Not applicable
13.3.3. Non response error
Not applicable
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Not applicable
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not applicable
13.3.4. Processing error
Not applicable
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable
14.1. Timeliness
Data are produced 22 months after the end of the reference period.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Data are produced 22 months after the end of the reference period.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Data are produced 22 months after the end of the reference period.
14.2. Punctuality
The data were delivered to Eurostat on October 31st. The reporting deadline for EGSS and CCM investments to Eurostat is 31 October.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
The data were published on web Portal by November 15th
15.1. Comparability - geographical
The comparability is insured by the application of common definitions (System of Environmental-Economic Accounting Central Framework SEEA CF, European System of Accounts ESA 2010, EGSS handbook).
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
15.1.3. Comparability - geographical - products not present in Indicative compendium - included
Products included are as per the latest indicative compendium (COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2024/1769 of 26 June 2024 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2174 as regards updating the indicative compendium of environmental goods and services and of economic activities)
15.2. Comparability - over time
Statistics are comparable for the entire reporting period 2008-2023.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
EGSS: Starting from reference year 2011, a dedicated EGSS survey takes place for NACE C and M; data for reference years 2008-2010 for NACE C and M were estimated using a different methodology.
Nevertheless, the results for reference years 2008-2010 are comparable with the results for 2011-2023.
The length of the comparable time series is 2008-2023.
CCM investments: The length of the comparable time series for the preliminary reported data in NACE C and M is 2022-2023.
15.2.2. Comparability - over time detailed
EGSS statistics are comparable for the entire reporting period 2008-2023.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
EGSS: Data are fully coherent with national accounts and with the EPEA.
CCM investments: data are fully coherent with national accounts GFCF.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
not applicable
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
EGSS statistics are fully consistent with national accounts
EGSS: Data are fully coherent with national accounts and with the EPEA.
CCM investments: data are fully coherent with national accounts GFCF.
0,5 FTE is necessary to compile EGSS
16.1. Cost and Burden - other accounts
the cost is largely higher than other accounts due to the organisation of a specific survey
17.1. Data revision - policy
Routine revisions are revisions carried out during the annual compilation process. Statistics could be slightly different from the previous campaign due to update in data sources (mainly t-1 and t-2, but also possible for t-3 and t-4) . These type of revisions are published at the end of compilation campaign and in the same time as the dissemination of the new results (year t-2). They are highlighted in the reporting to Eurostat via footnotes or directly in the Quality Report.
Exceptional revisions are revisions carried out as a result of major changes in data sources( e.g. benchmark revisions in national accounts), classifications, methodology or identification of errors. In the case of errors corrections, exceptional revisions are published anytime and directly after the correction of the error. In the case of benchmark revisions, data revisions are published at the end of compilation campaign and in the same time as the dissemination of the new results (year t-2).
17.2. Data revision - practice
Revisions performed in 2023:
In 2023, following the relaunch of the survey 2022 carried out in 2023, we have slightly revised historical data.
Also in 2023, we have also slightly enlarged the scope of NACE S, by including associations with environmental purpose as identified in the social economy satellite accounts.
A revision of exports for NACE E38 was also performed in 2023 to exclude the resale of an imported good to non-residents(cf. EGSS Practical Guide 2016 pg. 28).
Revisions performed in 2024:
Data regarding fuel wood (previously recorded in NACE A02) have been reattributed to NACE 16. This revision was done to ensure comparability with the forest accounts and the 2024 guidelines of recording output data in NACE A02 (ESA2010 compatible). Data have been properly flagged.
If other revisions occur they are linked with the revision of the source data.
Revisions performed in 2025:
In 2025, following the EGSS survey we carried out, we have slightly revised historical data
Implementation of the new CEP classification
Data for NACE F was revised due to: the availability of new data derived from building statistics for 2021 which allowed for a better estimation by residential and commercial buildings( for which the NZEB directive was implemented at different reference years( 2017 and 2021 respectively)
If other revisions occur they are linked with the revision of the source data.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
not estimated
17.2.2. Status of data
not applicable
18.1. Source data
Overview of the sources used to produce EGSS:
NACE A: Agriculture statistics, Forest accounts
NACE C: Survey every 3 years (or yearly if considered necessary), national accounts for interpolation
NACE D: Energy accounts
NACE E: national accounts
NACE F: national accounts, building statistics
NACE M: survey every 3 years (or yearly if considered necessary), national accounts for interpolation
NACE O: Government accounts
NACE R and S: business accounting register, Social economy satellite accounts
18.1.1. Source data - detailed - environmental accounts
EGSS:
NACE A: Agriculture statistics, Forest accounts
NACE C: Survey every 3 years (or yearly if considered necessary), national accounts for interpolation
NACE D: Energy accounts
NACE E: national accounts
NACE F: national accounts, building statistics
NACE M: survey every 3 years (or yearly if considered necessary), national accounts for interpolation
NACE O: Government accounts
NACE R and S: business accounting register, Social economy satellite accounts
CCM investments: EGSS survey
18.1.2. Source data - detailed - other statistics
EGSS:
Administrative data: Data from balance sheets for some companies and for Non-profit institutions serving households (concerns NACE D, R and S); data from building register to calculate passive houses and NZEB (NACE F)
National accounts: Production accounts
Agriculture statistics used for organic farming
Energy statistics for CReMA 13A for NACE D
Labor statistics
CCM investments: EGSS survey
18.1.3. Source data - survey
EGSS & CCM investments
A survey is conducted on EGSS products for NACE C (exhaustive) and for NACE M (sample of 150 companies).
Variables collected are output, export and investment.
This survey is carried out every three years. Normally, it had be run in 2021 (for the reference year 2020). But due to pandemic, we have postponed this survey in 2022 and we have collected data for two reference years 2020 and 2021. A relaunch of the survey took place in 2023 focusing on the companies not responding to the 2022 survey.
The latest survey took place in 2025.
18.1.4. Source data - detailed - other macro economic data (trade, VAT etc.)
Not applicable.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Administrative data are collected annually.
Survey data are generally collected every three years.
18.3. Data collection
Every three years, an online survey is conducted for NACE C and NACE M.
For NACE C, the survey is organised in two stages:
step 1: companies are contacted by phone to identify if they manufacture EGSS products step 2: if step 1 is positive, an invitation to fill in the online questionnaire is sent
For NACE M, an exhaustive survey is organised for companies that have already responded with relevant environmental products since 2011. In addition, a stratified sample (based on number of employees) is taken for the remaining enterprises and invitation to fill in the online questionnaire is sent.
18.4. Data validation
To ensure the quality of responses received, two analysis are applied:
comparison with answers sent during previous survey
comparison with data from business register
If data seems inconsistent, a direct contact with company is taken.
18.5. Data compilation
The EGSS compilation process is automatized in SAS. It consists in a series of programs which incorporates data from the EGSS survey, together with national accounts data and other sources (as described in 18.1) to compile the account as requested through the EGSS questionnaire.
Output and export are obtained from EGSS survey or from other sources (national accounts, administrative data, etc.). CCM investments were collected exclusively via the EGSS survey. GVA and employment are calculated based on the methods recommended by the EGSS manual and practical guide. Employment is also converted in FTE.
The EGSS operational list is used to determine the scope of EGSS products. The scope is revised every two/three years when the new survey is prepared.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable
18.5.2. Data compilation - by variable and type of output
Output and export are obtained from EGSS survey or from other sources (national accounts, administrative data, business register,...).Non-market output is calculated for non-market activities based on the calculation of the cost.
GVA is calculated by comparing EGSS output and the TOTAL output of related NACE. The assumption is that the added value of a green product is the same as the equivalent non-green product. In many cases, this assumption is a default choice due to the lack of data (companies calculate GVA for total activity and not by product).
Employment is calculated for NACE C and M based on the results from the survey. For Nace R and S, statistics from annual reports, microdata and social economy satellite accounts are used. For other NACE, employment is calculated by comparing EGSS jobs and the TOTAL jobs of related NACE. Then the number of jobs is multiplied by the number of worked hours for a fulltime in the dedicated NACE.
Exports are from National accounts and if the application of a share is needed, the share is established based on the survey
The EGSS operational list is used to determine the scope of EGSS products. The scope is revised every three years when the new survey is prepared.
CCM investments were collected via the EGSS survey.
18.5.3. Data compilation - by NACE
The breakdown by NACE is based on the results of the EGSS survey for NACE C and M. In addition, the product classification (CPA) is also used.
18.5.4. Data compilation – CReMA 13B memo item
The part related to the energy efficiency activities (insulation, heating,... ) was estimated using the construction price index by types of construction activities. The value was calculated by multiplying the percentages corresponding to energy efficiency activities to the output, VA, etc. related to the NZEBs (full cost).
Regarding reporting of energy-efficient building under CReMA 13B, we include all the energy -efficient buildings with the energy performance class A.
18.6. Adjustment
No adjustment
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable
The environmental goods and services sector (EGSS) accounts report on an economic sector that generates goods and services produced for environmental protection or the management of natural resources.
Products for environmental protection prevent, reduce and eliminate pollution or any other degradation of the environment. Examples are electric vehicles, catalysts and filters to decrease pollutant emissions, wastewater and waste treatment services, noise insulation works or restoration of degraded habitats.
Products for resource management safeguard the stock of natural resources against depletion. Examples are renewable energy production, energy-efficient and passive buildings, rainwater recovery, and materials recovery.
EGSS accounts provide data on output and export of environmental goods and services and on the value added of and employment in the environmental goods and services sector.
In addition, the data contain preliminary information on investments for climate change mitigation (CCM) for NACE C and M . Those investments aim at reducing the emission of greenhouse gases either by source or enhancing the removal from the atmosphere. For the moment Luxembourg has a derogation on reporting data on CCM investments.
EGSS and CCM data are compiled following the statistical concepts and definitions set out in the UN System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012 – Central Framework.
31 October 2025
Environmental Goods and Service Sector:
EGSS has the same system boundaries as the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010) and consists of all environmental products within this production boundary. ESA defines production as the activity carried out under the control and responsibility of an institutional unit that uses input of labour, capital, goods and services to produce output of goods and services.
Only goods and services produced for environmental purposes are included in the scope of the environmental goods and services sector.
'Environmental purpose' means that a good or service helps either 1) preventing, reducing and eliminating pollution and any other degradation of the environment or 2) preserving and maintaining the stock of natural resources and hence safeguarding against depletion.
The EGSS statistics aim at compiling data for the following economic variables:
Output: consists of products that become available for use outside of the producer unit, any goods and services produced for own final use and goods that remain in the inventories at the end of the period in which they are produced. Apart from market output, output for own final use and non-market output, EGSS statistics also include ancillary output, comprising output intended for use within an enterprise.
Market output is to be valued at basic prices, that is, the prices receivable by the producer from the purchaser minus taxes and plus subsidies on products. Output for own final use is to be valued at basic prices of similar products sold on the market or by the total costs of production. Non-market output is to be estimated by the total costs of production. Ancillary output is measured as a total of recurrent production costs (such as intermediate consumption, compensation of employees and consumption of fixed capital) incurred by enterprises to: 1) reduce environmental pressures arising from their production process or 2) produce environmental goods or services not intended for use outside the enterprise, but instead supporting other (non-environmental) activities undertaken within the enterprise (e.g. waste management services carried out in-house). For market producers, a mark-up for net operating surplus is added to the value of the EGSS ancillary output. Gross Value Added: represents the contribution made by the production of environmental goods and services to GDP. It is the difference between the value of the output and intermediate consumption.
Employment: is measured in full-time equivalent jobs engaged in the production of output of environmental goods and services. Full-time equivalent is defined as total hours worked divided by the average annual working hours in a full-time job.
Exports: consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants, of environmental goods and services from residents to non-residents.
Investments for climate change mitigation (for the moment Luxembourg has a derogation on reporting CCM investments):
The reporting theoretically covers the capital expenditure to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by source or enhance their removal from the atmosphere by sinks.
Capital expenditure includes:
For activities and products covered by the CEP:
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF – ESA 2010 code: P51g) for climate change mitigation related characteristic activities (i.e. GFCF for the production of specific services related to climate change mitigation)
GFCF in specific and cleaner and resource efficient goods related to climate change mitigation, unless they are already included in GFCF by CCM (characteristic) activities
and final consumption (ESA 2010 code: P3) in specific and cleaner and resource efficient goods related to climate change mitigation.
For activities and products relevant for CCM but outside the scope of CEP:
GFCF for the production of nuclear energy and for R&D related to nuclear energy
GFCF for the transmission and distribution of energy, in particular electricity
GFCF for the production of low carbon transport activities
GFCF in transport infrastructure for low carbon transport activities.
Where:
GFCF for climate change mitigation characteristic activities is broken down by corporations, government and households together with non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH)
GFCF for specific and cleaner and resource efficient goods, mitigating climate change, is broken down by corporations, government and households together with NPISH
final consumption of specific and cleaner and resource efficient goods, mitigating climate change, is broken down by government and households together with NPISH.
Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 of 15 March 1993 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community describes the different statistical units of the production system.
The recommended statistical unit for the data collection and compilation of private corporations is the establishment. For general government, households and NPISH, the recommendation is to use institutional units and groupings of units as defined in the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010).
The statistical population is the national economy as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). It includes all economic activities undertaken by resident units.
Luxembourg
The reference period for EGSS data is the calendar year.
There are no specific quality issue related to accuracy to be highlighted. Data are considered accurate.
The main difficulty is, during survey, for companies to correctly identify environmental products and if activities are not fully 100% environmental, to estimate a correct share
Output, gross value added, exports and CCM investments are measured in million units of national currency (euro). Employment is measured in full time equivalents (i.e., full time equivalent jobs).
The EGSS compilation process is automatized in SAS. It consists in a series of programs which incorporates data from the EGSS survey, together with national accounts data and other sources (as described in 18.1) to compile the account as requested through the EGSS questionnaire.
Output and export are obtained from EGSS survey or from other sources (national accounts, administrative data, etc.). CCM investments were collected exclusively via the EGSS survey. GVA and employment are calculated based on the methods recommended by the EGSS manual and practical guide. Employment is also converted in FTE.
The EGSS operational list is used to determine the scope of EGSS products. The scope is revised every two/three years when the new survey is prepared.
Overview of the sources used to produce EGSS:
NACE A: Agriculture statistics, Forest accounts
NACE C: Survey every 3 years (or yearly if considered necessary), national accounts for interpolation
NACE D: Energy accounts
NACE E: national accounts
NACE F: national accounts, building statistics
NACE M: survey every 3 years (or yearly if considered necessary), national accounts for interpolation
NACE O: Government accounts
NACE R and S: business accounting register, Social economy satellite accounts
yearly
Data are produced 22 months after the end of the reference period.
The comparability is insured by the application of common definitions (System of Environmental-Economic Accounting Central Framework SEEA CF, European System of Accounts ESA 2010, EGSS handbook).
Statistics are comparable for the entire reporting period 2008-2023.
