Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Environmental protection expenditure accounts (EPEA) describe transactions related to preventing, reducing and eliminating pollution and any other degradation of the environment. The main aggregate resulting from EPEA is national expenditure on environmental protection (NEEP), which measures the resources dedicated by resident businesses, households and government to protecting the natural environment, cover uses of environmental protection services, investment (gross fixed capital formation) for environmental protection activities, and net transfers to the rest of the world for environmental protection. Countries are required to report on: output, consumption, imports and exports of environmental protection services, investment (gross fixed capital formation and acquisitions less disposals of non-produced non-financial assets) for the production of EP services, transfers for environmental protection.
3.2. Classification system
The scope of environmental protection is defined according to the Classification of Environmental Protection Activities (CEPA), which distinguishes nine environmental domains. Data should be reported according to CEPA; however the mandatory part of the questionnaire restricts data collection to only some environmental domains (depending on the sector/variables).
3.3. Coverage - sector
Data should be reported by institutional sector: general government, corporations, households and the rest of the world. NPISH (non-profit institutions serving households) are not separately identified and are included under general government. The corporation sector is divided between: "corporations as specialist and secondary producers of market EP services" and "corporations other, including corporations as producers of ancillary EP output"; productive activities of households are included under corporations as market producers.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The construction of the EPEA closely follows the concepts, definitions and accounting rules of the core national accounts. The SEEA-CF 2012 (section 4.2) identifies environmental protection activities as those activities whose primary purpose is the prevention, reduction and elimination of pollution and other forms of degradation of the environment. These activities include, but are not limited to, the prevention, reduction or treatment of waste and wastewater; the prevention, reduction or elimination of air emissions; the treatment and disposal of contaminated soil and groundwater; the prevention or reduction of noise and vibration levels; the protection of biodiversity and landscapes, including of their ecological functions; monitoring of the quality of the natural environment (air, water, soil and groundwater); research and development on environmental protection; and the general administration, training and teaching activities oriented towards environmental protection proposes to use the primary purpose criterion, recognising that many economic activities are undertaken for a variety of purposes, environmental and non-environmental ones.
3.5. Statistical unit
Environmental protection expenditure accounts present data, in a way that is compatible with the data reported under ESA, on the expenditure for environmental protection, i.e. the economic resources devoted by resident units to environmental protection. EPEA use statistical units from national accounts. National accounts define and use various statistical units and groupings of units that interact economically (see ESA 2010, §§ 1.54-1.56, 2.01-2.03).
3.6. Statistical population
The statistical population is the national economy as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). It includes all economic activities undertaken by resident units to produce environmental protection specific services. While some economic activities may be undertaken only for a single purpose, many activities are undertaken for a variety of purposes. Following general principles of classification, activities are deemed to be environmental activities only if the primary purpose of the activity is consistent with the definitions of the environmental protection.
3.7. Reference area
The reference area is the economic territory as defined in the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has been centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.
3.8. Coverage - Time
We have estimates available transmitted to Eurostat since 2014-2022.
3.9. Base period
No request for this metadata collection
Macro economic variables (output, intermediate consumption, investment etc.) are measured in million units of national currency.
The data refer to the calendar years.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
EPEA accounts are compiled and reported in accordance with Regulation (EU) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts (EEEA). EPEA follow internationally agreed concepts and definitions set out in the SEEA Central Framework (2012), the international statistical standard adopted by the UN Statistical Commission. They present data in a way that is compatible with National Accounts (ESA, 2010).
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Not applicable in national level this information is required at European level only.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
The Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2009 on European statistics) applies for EPEA.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
The confidential data are marked with the footnote, following the instructions of the footnotes in the questionnaire.
8.1. Release calendar
National release calendar for EPEA account data: 30 March 2024 TEMPO (NIS online database), 20 December 2024 annual publication on environmental economic accounts.
The data are available in the publication Environmental economic accounts and in the online TEMPO database. See this website.
National release calendar for EPEA account data: 30 March 2024 TEMPO (NIS online database), 20 December 2024 annual publication on environmental economic accounts.
To ensure the quality of data EPEA, we validate data through double check with data providers and assurance of fully correlation with data sources.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
There is a continuous quality improvement process of EPEA due to analyzes and decisions have made following annual discussions with data providers and suggestions of the Eurostat.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Not available
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Not available
12.3. Completeness
Table 6. We transmitted data for 2014-2022: almost 100%, except (TAX_EM_PAY_HH.6) Households: earmarked taxes paid and (NEGB2N_GG.6) Negative net operating surplus of market producers in general government sector (non-consolidated). No, we did not find a solution for TAX_EM_PAY_HH.6 and NEGB2N_GG.6 we don't have data for this indicators.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
All mandatory variables have been provided as well as several voluntary ones.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
We ensured a high level of accuracy for the data reported through reassessment of data sources, performed by analysis and study of relevant methodological documents required in elaborating the EPEA and evaluation of the EP field in Romania. We analyzed the linkage between the Romanian NA system and the environmental accounts, according to the indicators requested by Eurostat. We carried out a comparative analysis between data collected from the three available data sources (NA, EPE survey and SBS), we identified and we analyzed the differences.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable
13.3. Non-sampling error
Not applicable
13.3.1. Coverage error
Not applicable.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Not applicable.
13.3.3. Non response error
Not applicable.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.4. Processing error
Not applicable.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable.
14.1. Timeliness
Romania transmits the data to Eurostat every year in December covering the years 2014 - n-2 (n = current year).
The average production time for data is 12 months.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Non final results are available only for part of the data compilation, final results are available after about 22 months,
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Non final results are available only for part of the data compilation, final results are available after about 22 months,
14.2. Punctuality
No lag between the actual delivery of the data and the target date when it should have been delivery
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
No lag between the actual delivery of the data and the target date when it should have been delivery.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Data on EPEA are compiled according to harmonized guidelines provided by Eurostat and hence comparable across European countries reporting EPEA data to Eurostat.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable
15.2. Comparability - over time
We have breaks in series:
starting with year 2017, because we added NACE Rev. 2 classes 7112 and 7490 at producers with secondary EP output. In addition, we added NACE Rev. 2 division 72 at producers with ancillary EP output .
we also flag transfers with b) because starting with 2016 we changed the data source (2014-2015 - ESST, 2016-2022 - EPE survey).
we have breaks in series at import, export and VAT, because we have added NACE Rev.2 classes 7112 and 7490 at secondary producers of EP.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Please refer to section 15.2
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
There are no differences.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
No, we don’t have this kind of procedures, but we ensure coherence of EPEA results with NA, which is an important data source for compiling of EPEA. We analyzed all definitions, classifications and procedures used in the NA (ESA 2010) in view of ensuring consistency.
15.4. Coherence - internal
The data are internally coherent
1.5 full time equivalent.
17.1. Data revision - policy
NIS has a revision policy which defines the standard rules and the principles for statistical data revision
17.2. Data revision - practice
We have made revisions for the following indicators: Other production taxes, Less other subsidies on production, Intermediate consumption, Consumption of Fixed Capital (P51C), for the period 2019-2022 due to data source revisions of National Accounts and for Consumption of Fixed Capital (CCF -S11) for the period 2014-2022.
Specifically for Subsidies, Other current transfers, Capital transfers and (Input-Output table, current prices) due to COFOG (Classification of the Functions of Government) data has been revision for the period 2014-2022.
For indicators employees’ compensation, intermediate consumption and other taxes on production, the data were revised for period 2021-2022, due to the Department of agriculture updated the data.
We have introduced revisions for data on intermediate consumption of EP Services, the revisions of data intermediate consumption of EP Services for secondary producers (2211, 4291, 4311, 7112, 7490, 4677) and ancillary for the period 2014-2022 in accordance with Eurostat's methodology.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
We review the entire series for completeness every year, if necessary
18.1. Source data
EPE survey for public administration: CEPA domain:
Transactions as producers of EP services
Intermediate consumption (P.2);
Intermediate consumption, of which PM services (P2_EPS);
Compensation of employees (D.1);
Final consumption of EP services (P3_EPS.1);
Gross capital formation (P.51G);
Investment grants received.
Transactions as users of EP services
Final consumption of EP services (P.3)
National Accounts:
Consumption of fixed capital (P51C);
Other taxes on production (D29);
Less subsidies on production (D39);
COFOG (Classification of the functions of government)
Transfers (D3_7_92_99_R) data from COFOG (2017-2022)
Transfers (D3_7_92_99_P) data from COFOG (2017-2022)
Export, import, TVA, final consumption;
Consumption of fixed capital (CCF_S11).
Agricultural account:
Intermediate consumption; Other production subsidies, Other production taxes, Investment grants, Other capital transfers, Gross fixed capital formation.
EGGS account:
Environmental production value for adapted goods.
ESST account:
For Transfers we used data from ESST source for period 2014-2016.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annually.
18.3. Data collection
We used data resulted from the annual Statistical Survey on EPE, performed annual by National Institute of Statistics (NIS), for period 2014-2022: the questionnaires EPE for central public administration ‒ AS_CPM_CAPC and the questionnaires EPE for local public administration ‒ AS_CPM_CAP(exhaustive survey) - and the questionnaires EPE for specialized producer AS_CPM_CPS. Were used data from national accounts.
18.4. Data validation
We ensure the proper quality of data source by checking them with the previous year data
18.5. Data compilation
S13_S15) We used data from "General government expenditure by function" ‒ Table 11 ‒ from ESA 2010 transmission programme (COFOG), ESA 2010 Questionnaire 1100 ‒ General government expenditure by function (S1311 ‒ Central government) and ESA 2010 Questionnaire 1100 ‒ General government expenditure by function (S1313 ‒ Local government), for example: Other taxes less subsidies on production (D.29-D.39), Subsidies (D.3P), Other current transfers (D.7), Capital transfers: of which, Investment grants (D.92), Other capital transfers (D.99). Also, we used data resulted from the annual Statistical Survey on EPE, performed annual by National Institute of Statistics (NIS), for 2016-2021: the questionnaires EPE for central public administration ‒ AS_CPM_CAPC and the questionnaires EPE for local public administration ‒ AS_CPM_CAP(exhaustive survey).
We considered "Market output" for GG as being the following indicators from EPE survey: "Own revenues of public institutions” (Central government) and “Revenues from EP services provided to third parties” (Local government). For GG, total "EP output" is valued at the total costs of production, i.e. the sum of intermediate consumption, compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital and other taxes on production and the "Non-market output" is calculated like difference of "EP output" and "Market output".
S11_S12) Corporations as specialized and secondary producers of market EP services and Table 3) Corporations: other (also covering producers of ancillary EP services)
Survey on EPE made by nonspecialized producers”. We used data for certain indicators, such as: Total Intermediate consumption (P.2) (and Intermediate consumption: of which EP services, only for specialized producers), Compensation of employees (D.1) and Current transfers (D.3) (Subsidies received from state budget). The sampling base for specialized and nonspecialized producers is constituted annually, based on data requested from Statistical Register (REGIS). Specialized producers (NACE Rev. 2 under divisions 37, 38, 39) are surveyed exhaustively. Beside of EPE survey, we used data from National Account, respectively Input - Output table, production account and generation of income account by NACE Rev. 2 classes and by institutional sectors (ESA 2010).
"Market output" for non-specialized producers with secondary EP output (NACE Rev. 2: classes 2211, 4291, 4311, 4677, 7112 and 7490) is the sum of costs: intermediate consumption, compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital and other taxes on production less other subsidies on production. Following the discussion with the NA experts and the analysis of the supply-use tables, we identified the method of estimating non-market output for specialized producers (NACE Rev. 2, 37, 38, 39). For this, we used data from supply-use tables (P.11 market output, P.13 non-market output) and data from EPE survey linked with market output. To obtain data for market and non-market output for specialized producers we also used data from EPE Survey. "EP output" for specialized producers is valued at the total costs of production, i.e. the sum of intermediate consumption, compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital, net operating surplus and other taxes on production less other subsidies on production. The "market output" for specialized producers was estimated: in a first stage we calculated "EP output" (see above); after this, we calculated the share of "market output" (P.11) in "total output" (P.1 production of goods and services) from NA. This share was applied at the "EP output". The difference of "EP output" and "Market output" represents "Non-market output". For NACE 01 data source is Agriculture Accounts. Ancillary output for non-specialized producer with ancillary EP output (NACE Rev. 2: divisions 01, 02, 05-09; 10-33, 35, 36, 41-43, 49-51,72) is valued at the total costs of production, i.e. the sum of intermediate consumption, compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital and other taxes on production less other subsidies on production.
All the data provided by National Account, used for corporations (specialized and non-specialized producers) was received already breakdown by institutional sectors. As we asked, the Input - Output table, including production account and generation of income account by NACE Rev. 2 divisions (and classes, for some indicators) was for S.11 sector ‒ Non-financial corporations.
Ancillary output for non-specialized producers with ancillary EP output (NACE Rev. 2 is valued at the total costs of production, i.e. the sum of intermediate consumption, compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital and other taxes on production less other subsidies on production.
Data for imports and exports of EP services was provide by the Supply - Use Balance - current prices was provide by NA breakdown by classes. For the period transmitted, data for non-specialized producers with secondary EP output (NACE Rev. 2: classes 2211, 4291, 4311, 4677, 7112, 7490) were estimated.
S1_S2) Total supply of environmental protection services For computing the data for Import (P.7), Export (P.6) and VAT and other taxes less subsidies on EP products (D.21-D.31) we used data from NA, namely Input-Output table, Supply-Use Balance, by classes of NACE Rev. 2.
S14) Households
Table B1- PM service inputs and outputs From the table Echi_RU_CN, export, import, VAT, final consumption by specialized and secondary sectors are calculated with data from National Accounts.
Table A -National expenditure by components: Prodrom, productive consumption and total EGGS production value The Final consumption of adapted and connected products was provide by EGSS. The final consumption of EP services was calculated based on data from Input-Output table, Supply-Use Balance.
Transfers For Transfers we used data from ESST source for period 2014-2016, and for the rest of the period our data source is EPE Survey.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable
No other comments.
Environmental protection expenditure accounts (EPEA) describe transactions related to preventing, reducing and eliminating pollution and any other degradation of the environment. The main aggregate resulting from EPEA is national expenditure on environmental protection (NEEP), which measures the resources dedicated by resident businesses, households and government to protecting the natural environment, cover uses of environmental protection services, investment (gross fixed capital formation) for environmental protection activities, and net transfers to the rest of the world for environmental protection. Countries are required to report on: output, consumption, imports and exports of environmental protection services, investment (gross fixed capital formation and acquisitions less disposals of non-produced non-financial assets) for the production of EP services, transfers for environmental protection.
27 December 2023
The construction of the EPEA closely follows the concepts, definitions and accounting rules of the core national accounts. The SEEA-CF 2012 (section 4.2) identifies environmental protection activities as those activities whose primary purpose is the prevention, reduction and elimination of pollution and other forms of degradation of the environment. These activities include, but are not limited to, the prevention, reduction or treatment of waste and wastewater; the prevention, reduction or elimination of air emissions; the treatment and disposal of contaminated soil and groundwater; the prevention or reduction of noise and vibration levels; the protection of biodiversity and landscapes, including of their ecological functions; monitoring of the quality of the natural environment (air, water, soil and groundwater); research and development on environmental protection; and the general administration, training and teaching activities oriented towards environmental protection proposes to use the primary purpose criterion, recognising that many economic activities are undertaken for a variety of purposes, environmental and non-environmental ones.
Environmental protection expenditure accounts present data, in a way that is compatible with the data reported under ESA, on the expenditure for environmental protection, i.e. the economic resources devoted by resident units to environmental protection. EPEA use statistical units from national accounts. National accounts define and use various statistical units and groupings of units that interact economically (see ESA 2010, §§ 1.54-1.56, 2.01-2.03).
The statistical population is the national economy as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). It includes all economic activities undertaken by resident units to produce environmental protection specific services. While some economic activities may be undertaken only for a single purpose, many activities are undertaken for a variety of purposes. Following general principles of classification, activities are deemed to be environmental activities only if the primary purpose of the activity is consistent with the definitions of the environmental protection.
The reference area is the economic territory as defined in the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has been centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.
The data refer to the calendar years.
We ensured a high level of accuracy for the data reported through reassessment of data sources, performed by analysis and study of relevant methodological documents required in elaborating the EPEA and evaluation of the EP field in Romania. We analyzed the linkage between the Romanian NA system and the environmental accounts, according to the indicators requested by Eurostat. We carried out a comparative analysis between data collected from the three available data sources (NA, EPE survey and SBS), we identified and we analyzed the differences.
Macro economic variables (output, intermediate consumption, investment etc.) are measured in million units of national currency.
S13_S15) We used data from "General government expenditure by function" ‒ Table 11 ‒ from ESA 2010 transmission programme (COFOG), ESA 2010 Questionnaire 1100 ‒ General government expenditure by function (S1311 ‒ Central government) and ESA 2010 Questionnaire 1100 ‒ General government expenditure by function (S1313 ‒ Local government), for example: Other taxes less subsidies on production (D.29-D.39), Subsidies (D.3P), Other current transfers (D.7), Capital transfers: of which, Investment grants (D.92), Other capital transfers (D.99). Also, we used data resulted from the annual Statistical Survey on EPE, performed annual by National Institute of Statistics (NIS), for 2016-2021: the questionnaires EPE for central public administration ‒ AS_CPM_CAPC and the questionnaires EPE for local public administration ‒ AS_CPM_CAP(exhaustive survey).
We considered "Market output" for GG as being the following indicators from EPE survey: "Own revenues of public institutions” (Central government) and “Revenues from EP services provided to third parties” (Local government). For GG, total "EP output" is valued at the total costs of production, i.e. the sum of intermediate consumption, compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital and other taxes on production and the "Non-market output" is calculated like difference of "EP output" and "Market output".
S11_S12) Corporations as specialized and secondary producers of market EP services and Table 3) Corporations: other (also covering producers of ancillary EP services)
Survey on EPE made by nonspecialized producers”. We used data for certain indicators, such as: Total Intermediate consumption (P.2) (and Intermediate consumption: of which EP services, only for specialized producers), Compensation of employees (D.1) and Current transfers (D.3) (Subsidies received from state budget). The sampling base for specialized and nonspecialized producers is constituted annually, based on data requested from Statistical Register (REGIS). Specialized producers (NACE Rev. 2 under divisions 37, 38, 39) are surveyed exhaustively. Beside of EPE survey, we used data from National Account, respectively Input - Output table, production account and generation of income account by NACE Rev. 2 classes and by institutional sectors (ESA 2010).
"Market output" for non-specialized producers with secondary EP output (NACE Rev. 2: classes 2211, 4291, 4311, 4677, 7112 and 7490) is the sum of costs: intermediate consumption, compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital and other taxes on production less other subsidies on production. Following the discussion with the NA experts and the analysis of the supply-use tables, we identified the method of estimating non-market output for specialized producers (NACE Rev. 2, 37, 38, 39). For this, we used data from supply-use tables (P.11 market output, P.13 non-market output) and data from EPE survey linked with market output. To obtain data for market and non-market output for specialized producers we also used data from EPE Survey. "EP output" for specialized producers is valued at the total costs of production, i.e. the sum of intermediate consumption, compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital, net operating surplus and other taxes on production less other subsidies on production. The "market output" for specialized producers was estimated: in a first stage we calculated "EP output" (see above); after this, we calculated the share of "market output" (P.11) in "total output" (P.1 production of goods and services) from NA. This share was applied at the "EP output". The difference of "EP output" and "Market output" represents "Non-market output". For NACE 01 data source is Agriculture Accounts. Ancillary output for non-specialized producer with ancillary EP output (NACE Rev. 2: divisions 01, 02, 05-09; 10-33, 35, 36, 41-43, 49-51,72) is valued at the total costs of production, i.e. the sum of intermediate consumption, compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital and other taxes on production less other subsidies on production.
All the data provided by National Account, used for corporations (specialized and non-specialized producers) was received already breakdown by institutional sectors. As we asked, the Input - Output table, including production account and generation of income account by NACE Rev. 2 divisions (and classes, for some indicators) was for S.11 sector ‒ Non-financial corporations.
Ancillary output for non-specialized producers with ancillary EP output (NACE Rev. 2 is valued at the total costs of production, i.e. the sum of intermediate consumption, compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital and other taxes on production less other subsidies on production.
Data for imports and exports of EP services was provide by the Supply - Use Balance - current prices was provide by NA breakdown by classes. For the period transmitted, data for non-specialized producers with secondary EP output (NACE Rev. 2: classes 2211, 4291, 4311, 4677, 7112, 7490) were estimated.
S1_S2) Total supply of environmental protection services For computing the data for Import (P.7), Export (P.6) and VAT and other taxes less subsidies on EP products (D.21-D.31) we used data from NA, namely Input-Output table, Supply-Use Balance, by classes of NACE Rev. 2.
S14) Households
Table B1- PM service inputs and outputs From the table Echi_RU_CN, export, import, VAT, final consumption by specialized and secondary sectors are calculated with data from National Accounts.
Table A -National expenditure by components: Prodrom, productive consumption and total EGGS production value The Final consumption of adapted and connected products was provide by EGSS. The final consumption of EP services was calculated based on data from Input-Output table, Supply-Use Balance.
Transfers For Transfers we used data from ESST source for period 2014-2016, and for the rest of the period our data source is EPE Survey.
EPE survey for public administration: CEPA domain:
Transactions as producers of EP services
Intermediate consumption (P.2);
Intermediate consumption, of which PM services (P2_EPS);
Compensation of employees (D.1);
Final consumption of EP services (P3_EPS.1);
Gross capital formation (P.51G);
Investment grants received.
Transactions as users of EP services
Final consumption of EP services (P.3)
National Accounts:
Consumption of fixed capital (P51C);
Other taxes on production (D29);
Less subsidies on production (D39);
COFOG (Classification of the functions of government)
Transfers (D3_7_92_99_R) data from COFOG (2017-2022)
Transfers (D3_7_92_99_P) data from COFOG (2017-2022)
Export, import, TVA, final consumption;
Consumption of fixed capital (CCF_S11).
Agricultural account:
Intermediate consumption; Other production subsidies, Other production taxes, Investment grants, Other capital transfers, Gross fixed capital formation.
EGGS account:
Environmental production value for adapted goods.
ESST account:
For Transfers we used data from ESST source for period 2014-2016.
National release calendar for EPEA account data: 30 March 2024 TEMPO (NIS online database), 20 December 2024 annual publication on environmental economic accounts.
Data are disseminated annually.
Romania transmits the data to Eurostat every year in December covering the years 2014 - n-2 (n = current year).
The average production time for data is 12 months.
Data on EPEA are compiled according to harmonized guidelines provided by Eurostat and hence comparable across European countries reporting EPEA data to Eurostat.
We have breaks in series:
starting with year 2017, because we added NACE Rev. 2 classes 7112 and 7490 at producers with secondary EP output. In addition, we added NACE Rev. 2 division 72 at producers with ancillary EP output .
we also flag transfers with b) because starting with 2016 we changed the data source (2014-2015 - ESST, 2016-2022 - EPE survey).
we have breaks in series at import, export and VAT, because we have added NACE Rev.2 classes 7112 and 7490 at secondary producers of EP.
