Turkish Statistical Institute

Environment and Sustainable Development Indicators Department

Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu

Necatibey Caddesi No: 114 Devlet Mahallesi Çankaya Ankara / Türkiye

Air emissions accounts (AEA) record flows of gaseous and particulate materials emitted into the atmosphere as a result of economic activity.

AEA are a subset of environmental-economic accounts. They offer a detailed breakdown for 64 emitting economic activities (NACE), plus households, as defined in the national accounts of EU countries. They are aligned with economic statistics and GDP. These features make them suitable for integrated environmental-economic analyses and modelling – for example of 'carbon footprints' and climate-change modelling scenarios.

National Statistical Institutes (NSI) submit AEA to Eurostat through a mandatory annual data collection. The data collection includes an electronic questionnaire and this quality report.

The AEA dataset has the following dimensions:

1)           Air pollutant: Emissions to air of the following gaseous and particulate substances are collected (greenhouse gases, air pollutants):

Carbon dioxide without emissions from biomass (CO2),

Carbon dioxide from biomass (Biomass CO2)*,

Nitrous oxide (N2O), Methane (CH4),

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs),

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),

Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) including nitrogen trifluoride (NF3),

Nitrogen oxides (NOx),

Non-methane volatile organic compounds, (NMVOC),

Carbon monoxide (CO),

Particulate matter < 10μm (PM10),

Particulate matter < 2,5μm (PM2,5),

Sulphur dioxide (SO2),

Ammonia (NH3)

2)           Geopolitical entity: EU Member States, EFTA Countries, Candidate Countries etc.

3)           Economic activities: include 64 production activities (classified by NACE rev.2 A*64), and households’ consumption (3 sub-classes).

4)           Time: reference year for which air emissions are reported

5)           Unit: tonnes and thousand tonnes

The data refer to national economies as defined in the system of national accounts. Greenhouse gases and air pollutants emitted by resident units representing the national economy are covered.

Conceptually AEA belong to the international system of environmental economic accounting (SEEA-Central Framework). Furthermore, AEA is one of several physical modules of Eurostat's programme on European environmental economic accounts. It is covered by Regulation (EU) No.691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts.

AEA are closely related to concepts and definitions of national accounts. Most notably, they follow the residence principle, i.e. they record emissions related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.

Further methodological guidelines are provided in various publications by Eurostat (see Eurostat website > Environment > Methodology, heading: 'Air emissions accounts').

Data refer to emissions by resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA), including households.

The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA), i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units.

The reference area is the economic territory as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.

By following this residence principle, the Air Emission Accounts record emissions from resident units' activities, regardless where they occur. This is the main conceptual difference to emission inventories for greenhouse gases (UNFCCC) and air pollutants (CLRTAP).

Time period covers from 1995 to 2020 for each subtances

Not applicable because AEA are not reported as indices.

The unit of measure is tonnes or thousand tonnes.

F-gases (HFC, PFC, SF₆ and NF₃) are reported in tonnes of CO₂ equivalents.

SO_X are reported in tonnes of SO₂ equivalents, and NO_X are reported in tonnes of NO₂ equivalents.

The data refer to calendar years.

Air emissions accounts (AEA) are legally covered by Regulation (EU) 691/2011on European Environmental Economic Accounts.

Not applicable at national level.

Regulation on Procedure and Principles of Data Confidentiality and Confidential Data Security in Official Statistics of TurkStat applies.
https://www.tuik.gov.tr/Kurumsal/Resmi_Gizlilik_Sozlesmesi

Requirement of "Regualation of Procedure and Principle of Data Confidentiality and Confident Data Security in Official Statistics" have been applied to the data. 

Individual data used in the context of official statistics studies is not considered as confidential data which are;
a) Title, activity and address information of statistical units being in the coverage of business register system and obtained from open sources,
b) Individual data belonging only to self which is allowed to be disclosed by own self, legal representative or authorized attorney.

(2) (Amended by:RG-27/10/2010-27742) If the administrative registers are included in official statistics production process, the confidentiality provisions of this Regulation are only implemented for institution/organizations using these registers for only producing statistics from these institutions and organizations. In sharing of administrative registers, institutions/organizations keeping these registries are subject to their own legislation provisions.

(3) (Annex:RG-27/10/2010-27742) For the data considered confidential due to the indirect identification in foreign trade statistics, these confidentiality rules are implemented when a statistical unit applies with a written application requiring consideration of its data as confidential.

Without having a specific release calendar for AEA data, the data are published annually as an aggregate table in Turkey Statistical Institute web site.

Not Applicaple

Data are disseminated annually.

Statistical table and press release are on-line

published annually as a statistical table by Turkstat 

Not Applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

a handbook describes all process for compiling and disseminating and other related documentation are available for in-house use.

Not applicable

a handbook describes all process for compiling and disseminating and other related documentation are available for in-house use.

AEA do not have any specific quality report but National Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory have quality assurance and quality control process.

AEA do not have any specific quality report but National Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory have quality assurance and quality control process.

Turkstat is responsible agency for the quality management of the greenhouse gases emissions inventory which is the main source of the AEA

provide a rich empirical database for numerous purposes

Not applicable.

Direct and indirect emissions are fully completed. PM10 and PM2,5 are given in total

Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method.

See Annex 1.

Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey.

Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

The data are published 21 months after the end of the reference year.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

There are no timed publications on AEA.

Not Applicable

The data are geographically comparable. 

AEA are compiled according to harmonised guidelines provided by Eurostat and hence comparable across European countries reporting AEA to Eurostat.

Not applicable.

See Annex 2.

The data are totally comparable over time due to the application of the same methodology for all covered years.

Residence principle have not been apllied due to the lack of data

Not applicable, because AEA data are annual.

Residence principle have not been apllied due to the lack of data

Dataset is consistent with greenhouse gases emissions inventory

It is around 60 FTE to calculate and report AEA data.

Policies for data revision are set out in the "Instruction on Methods and Principles Regarding Revisions on Statistical Data Produced by Turkish Statistical Institute directive. 

(https://www.tuik.gov.tr/Kurumsal/Revizyon_Politikasi)

The revision is made according to the revisions of greenhouse gases inventory for the last data submission. In addition ımprovement in methods are reflected. 

Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method.

Data source is greenhouse gas emission inventory. In addition Eurostat generic coeeficint table is used by editing expert judgement and country situations. 

Data are compiled annually.

All relevant data are received via official letter in electronic format.

Internal inconsistency or possible missing data are checked with prior year data.

Greenhouse gas emission inventory is data source. 

Not applicable.

Data are allocated by using EUROSTAT generic table by editing according to the national circumstances and expert judgement. Residence principle approach is the primary difficulty. 

Road transport emissions distributed according to the vehicle-km data.

Residence princible can not be apllied due to the lack of data

Not applied

Not applicable.