Statistics Netherlands (Centraal Bureau van de Statistieken)

National Accounts/Environmental Accounts

Air emissions accounts (AEA) record flows of gaseous and particulate materials emitted into the atmosphere as a result of economic activity.

AEA are a subset of environmental-economic accounts. They offer a detailed breakdown for 64 emitting economic activities (NACE), plus households, as defined in the national accounts of EU countries. They are aligned with economic statistics and GDP. These features make them suitable for integrated environmental-economic analyses and modelling – for example of 'carbon footprints' and climate-change modelling scenarios.

National Statistical Institutes (NSI) submit AEA to Eurostat through a mandatory annual data collection. The data collection includes an electronic questionnaire and this quality report.

The AEA dataset has the following dimensions:

1)           Air pollutant: Emissions to air of the following gaseous and particulate substances are collected (greenhouse gases, air pollutants):

Carbon dioxide without emissions from biomass (CO2),

Carbon dioxide from biomass (Biomass CO2)*,

Nitrous oxide (N2O), Methane (CH4),

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs),

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),

Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) including nitrogen trifluoride (NF3),

Nitrogen oxides (NOx),

Non-methane volatile organic compounds, (NMVOC),

Carbon monoxide (CO),

Particulate matter < 10μm (PM10),

Particulate matter < 2,5μm (PM2,5),

Sulphur dioxide (SO2),

Ammonia (NH3)

2)           Geopolitical entity: EU Member States, EFTA Countries, Candidate Countries etc.

3)           Economic activities: include 64 production activities (classified by NACE rev.2 A*64), and households’ consumption (3 sub-classes).

4)           Time: reference year for which air emissions are reported

5)           Unit: tonnes and thousand tonnes

The data refer to national economies as defined in the system of national accounts. Greenhouse gases and air pollutants emitted by resident units representing the national economy are covered.

Conceptually AEA belong to the international system of environmental economic accounting (SEEA-Central Framework). Furthermore, AEA is one of several physical modules of Eurostat's programme on European environmental economic accounts. It is covered by Regulation (EU) No.691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts.

AEA are closely related to concepts and definitions of national accounts. Most notably, they follow the residence principle, i.e. they record emissions related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.

Further methodological guidelines are provided in various publications by Eurostat (see Eurostat website > Environment > Methodology, heading: 'Air emissions accounts').

Data refer to emissions by resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA), including households.

The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA), i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units.

The reference area is the economic territory as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.

By following this residence principle, the Air Emission Accounts record emissions from resident units' activities, regardless where they occur. This is the main conceptual difference to emission inventories for greenhouse gases (UNFCCC) and air pollutants (CLRTAP).

from 1995 to 2021 (when possible 2022)

Not applicable because AEA are not reported as indices.

The unit of measure is tonnes or thousand tonnes.

F-gases (HFC, PFC, SF₆ and NF₃) are reported in tonnes of CO₂ equivalents.

SO_X are reported in tonnes of SO₂ equivalents, and NO_X are reported in tonnes of NO₂ equivalents.  

The data refer to calendar years.

Air emissions accounts (AEA) are legally covered by Regulation (EU) 691/2011on European Environmental Economic Accounts.

Not applicable at national level.

CBS collects data from people, companies and institutions. Upon receipt of these data, all directly identifying personal details are removed as soon as possible and replaced by a pseudo key. CBS uses these so-called pseudonymised data to conduct statistical research. CBS will only publish statistical information without identifiable or traceable personal data. Furthermore, CBS has taken measures to ensure protection from theft, loss or abuse of personal data.
CBS will never supply identifiable data to third parties, including other government institutions. However, (academic) institutions may, under strict conditions, be given access to pseudonymised personal or corporate data. These are referred to as microdata.

CBS meets the most stringent requirements as regards data protection. Every year, a privacy audit takes place which is carried out by an accredited external organisation and which results in a Privacy Audit Proof certificate.

This is how CBS demonstrates its compliance with the regulations of the GDPR (the accountability principle).
External registrars (data suppliers) are controllers in themselves and in many cases bear a statutory obligation to supply datasets to CBS. The controlling responsibility of data suppliers under the GDPR ceases to exist as soon as data have been received by CBS.

The General Data Protection Regulation

CBS is bound by the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This Regulation helps protect the privacy of citizens. In addition, CBS adheres to the privacy stipulations in the Statistics Netherlands Act, the European Statistics Code of Practice, and its own Code of conduct (Dutch only).

We will publish this data in our statistical database ‘StatLine’ in November 2023.

Data published on the Statistic Netherlands’s website (Statline) is freely accessible for all users.

Data are disseminated annually.

The following publications can be found on the website of Statlistic Netherlands and the website ‘Compendium voor de leefomgeving’. Compendium voor de leefomgeving is a shared platform containing data about nature and environment of Statistics Netherlands, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and Wageningen University.

Hoe verhoudt de uitstoot zich tot de economische groei?

https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/dossier/dossier-broeikasgassen/hoofdcategorieen/hoe-verhoudt-de-uitstoot-zich-tot-de-economische-groei-

Hoeveel broeikasgas stoot de transportsector uit?

https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/dossier/dossier-broeikasgassen/hoofdcategorieen/hoeveel-broeikasgas-stoot-de-transportsector-uit-

 CO2-emissies verklaard

http://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl0170-de-co2-emissie-verklaard

Bruto toegevoegde waarde en milieudruk door de industrie

https://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl0109-bruto-toegevoegde-waarde-en-milieudruk-van-de-doelgroep-industrie

Milieurekeningen: emissies en afval door de Nederlandse economie

https://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl0212-milieurekeningen-herkomst-en-bestemming-van-stoffen

Milieurekeningen: bijdragen van consumenten en producenten aan milieuthema’s

https://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl021317-milieuthemas-bijdragen-van-consumenten-en-producenten-volgens-milieurekeningen

Milieurekeningen: bijdragen van economische activiteiten aan milieuthema’s en bruto toegevoegde waarde

https://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl0214-milieurekeningen-milieudruk-en-economische-activiteiten

Broeikasgas en CO2-intensiteit bedrijven

https://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl0542-broeikasgasintensiteit-bedrijven

Online database of Statistics Netherlands- Statline

Emissions to air by the Dutch economy; national accounts

Not available

Online database -Statline

http://www.cbs.nl/nl-NL/menu/themas/macro-economie/methoden/dataverzameling/korte-onderzoeksbeschrijvingen/2008-milieurekeningen.htm

Metadata compleet in Statline

There are quality reports for the emission inventory. Eventually AEA quality reporting to ES provided last year.

Data on Dutch AEA (metadata can be found as well) can be found:

https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/en/dataset/83300ENG/table?dl=2BCF9

Metadata is included / can be downloaded along with the data table.

Short research description (in Dutch):

http://www.cbs.nl/nl-NL/menu/themas/macro-economie/methoden/dataverzameling/korte-onderzoeksbeschrijvingen/2008-milieurekeningen.htm

For the national PRTR data, some dedicated reportings are compiled on uncertainties of the data. These are made on demand, on an irregular basis. Several assessments are made on uncertainties in the data / data compilation. I.e. following reportings: 1. ‘Assessment of uncertainties and QA/QC procedures in the Dutch GHG Inventory Report’, 2010’, or; 2. ‘Uncertainty in the Netherlands’ greenhouse gas emissions. Inventory Estimation of the level and trend uncertainty using the IPCC Tier 1 approach, 2009 or; 3. Inter comparison of emission estimates for the Netherlands following the EMEP/EEA Guidebook and the Dutch Emission Registry, 2009; Etcetera.

These documents can be found via:

https://www.ceip.at/status-of-reporting-and-review-results

http://www.emissieregistratie.nl/erpubliek/erpub/default.nl.aspx

‘IPCC protocollen - Greenhouse gasses protocols’ : These reportings deal with several aspects underlying the Dutch NIR reporting (updated for NIR 2014) and treats each substance and sector in detail. The documents contains chapters on: ‘Uncertainty and quality’, ‘Quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC)’, ‘Verification’, ‘sources’ etc. These documents can be found via:

https://unfccc.int/ghg-inventories-annex-i-parties/2020

http://www.emissieregistratie.nl/erpubliek/documenten/Algemeen%20(General)/Emissierapportages%20(Emission%20reports)/NIR%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emissions%20in%20the%20Netherlands/NIR2020.pdf

See 10.7 on the quality of the sources. And during the compilationprocess checks are carried out and analyses are performed on the data.

See 10.7 on the quality of the sources.And during the compilationprocess checks are carried out and analyses are performed on the data.

No surveys are conducted on user satisfaction. 

Enquiries on figures and statistics can be submitted at our Infoservice

https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/about-us/contact

Complete

Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method.

See Annex 1.

Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey.

Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

The Netherlands transmitted the data to Eurostat on 30-9-2023, covering the years 1995-2022

When required complete time series 1990 – 2022 can be supplied. Data is based on the NACE Rev.2. break down.

The national AEA dataset of 1990-2022 was ready September 29th 2023

.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

The percentage of releases delivered on time: 100%

The Regulation requires air emissions accounts to be provided by 30 September every year.
The Netherlands transmitted the data to Eurostat on 26-9-2022, covering the years 1995-2020

When required complete time series 1990 – 2020 can be supplied. Data is based on the
NACE Rev.2. break down: 64 industries and from households of 14 different gases.

AEA are compiled according to harmonised guidelines provided by Eurostat and hence comparable across European countries reporting AEA to Eurostat.

Not applicable.

See Annex 2.

Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method.

Greenhouse gas emissions by the Dutch economy are higher than Dutch emissions according to the IPCC. This is because the IPCC leaves out emissions of short cycle CO2 , bunkering and international transport. Whereas IPCC data are mainly used to monitor international agreements, the emissions by the Dutch economy can also be used for environmentaleconomic analyses. This is because the method for calculating emissions by the Dutch economy is in line with the concepts, definitions and classifications of the national accounts.

Year-on-year developments in CO2 emissions according to the above two calculation methods show great similarities. In both cases, they mainly concern emissions from stationary sources. Over the long term, we do observe differences in the developments in the period 1990–2019.

See also CO2 emissions as related to IPCC emissions and emissions on the Dutch territory:

https://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl0170-de-co2-emissie-verklaard

Not applicable, because AEA data are annual.

AEA is in coherence with the National Accounts, as the data is compiled following the guidelines and definitions of the National Accounts.

We are striving for coherence with other environmental accounts such as Energy Accounts and Material Flow Accounts

ICT efficiency- transition of Excel proces to R: 40 hours

Improving method/analysing new datasources: 70 hours

Compiling data: 150 hours

Filling Questionaire, online-database: 40 hours

Total 0,78 FTE - 300 hours

See 17.1

Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method.

For emissions from stationary sources we use the national emission inventory.

For emissions from mobile sources for the different transport modes we use either inventory-first or energy-first approach depending on which method leads to the best compilation quality.

The main data source for the estimation of the emissions is the national emission inventory (from stationary and mobile sources). In addition we use traffic performance data for road transport broken down to types of transport. Also for inland navigation we use performance data. Data from the energy statistics /accounts and national accounts is used for transport by air and transport by sea. And we use emission factors obtained from the emission inventory and auxiliary sources such as year reports from airports and carriers.

Anually

Not by survey (see 18.1)

See 10.7 and 11

Not applicable.

Allocation to NACE and households

The total emissions of residents are subsequently allocated  to NACE groups and households. Different methods are used for different vehicle types.

• For passenger cars:

The Transport Statistics provide the road performance data of residents’ passenger cars (in km) by location (Dutch territory and abroad), by fuel type (petrol, diesel and LPG), and  by ownership (companies or households). These road performance data are calculated into energy used, with information on fuel used by vehicle and fuel types, per year. Fuel used per vehicle and fuel types are technical information also referred to as specific fuel used, and are provided by the National Emission Registration with assistance from the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO). The calculated results are now TOTAL energy used by passenger cars by fuel type and by ownership category (companies or households), per year.

Next, steps are made to break down the energy used into NACE groups and households. For this in the Netherlands we have at our disposal  the capital stock of passenger cars in NACE (71 groups) per year. However, we need these figures in NACE (128 groups), as this is the required level of the final road transport distribution key for the distribution of air emissions. For this further breakdown we use as distribution key the Production figures from the Supply and Use Table (National Accounts) in NACE (128 groups), per year. 

Finally, with data on energy used of NACE groups and households as distribution key, the emissions of residents’ passenger cars (in Dutch territory and abroad) are allocated to NACE groups and households. And adjustments for operator are made by using wages and salaries in kind as key to correct for leased cars.  

• For freight vehicles:

For freight vehicles, we have better and more detailed road performance data information available from the Transport Statistics than for passenger cars.  The road performance figures are available in NACE (19 groups). This is the best quality distribution key in our opinion for the allocation of road transport emissions to NACE groups and households.

As the data are in NACE (19 groups), we need to break them down further to NACE (128 groups). The allocation key we use for this is the capital stock of other vehicles (other than passenger cars) as , which is available in NACE  (71 groups), per year. For the breakdown of the capital stock data to NACE (128 groups), we use as distribution key the Production figures from the Supply and Use Table (National Accounts) available in NACE (128 groups), per year.

• For other vehicles, e.g. special purpose vehicles and motorcycles, a method similar to that for passenger cars is used. Instead of the capital stock, other auxiliary transport data are used: the number of special purpose vehicles and number of motorcycles owned by households and companies.

The distribution keys for the air emission account are per vehicle type and in NACE (128) groups. For PEFA different distribution keys are used. The PEFA distribution keys are per fuel type (petrol, diesel oil, lpg). The keys are compiled using road transport data – transport performance which is per fuel (petrol, diesel oil, lpg) and vehicle type (Freight vehicles, Motorcycles, Buses, Mobile machineries and Special purpose vehicles). And also fuel used data and national account information is used.

Not applicable.